Beauty Meets Millennium —— Poems written by Su Shi to his three wives
Ten years of life and death are two boundless. Never think, never forget. A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about. Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty. When night came, my dream suddenly came home. Xiao Xuan window, get dressed. Care for each other without words, only tears thousands of lines are expected to break the heart, and the moon and night are short and loose. -"A Dream of Jiangchengzi" On the bank of the Minjiang River in Qingshen County, Meizhou, Sichuan Province, there is a lush and beautiful mountain, which was called "the best nymphs in Xichuan" by Fan Chengda in the Southern Song Dynasty. Soon after entering the mountain, you can see a clear pool composed of mountain springs. On the surface, there is nothing unique except that the water in the pool is deep and cold. But strangely, if you clap your hands near the pool, the fish in the pool will swim to the shore according to the sound. At this time, look at the three characters "called fish pond" on the stone wall next to the pool, and you will know that this name is so appropriate and full of spirituality. And these three words were written by Su Shi. At that time, Wang Fang, a scholar, called a gathering of rural sages in Chi Pan to name the pool. Su Shi, a teenager who is studying in the mountains, chose "Calling for a Fish Pond" and improvised these three handsome Chinese characters. Su Shi's talent won Wang Fang's love. After several twists and turns, Wang Fang married the queen of love to Su Shi. This beautiful story adds a lot of color to the already beautiful mountains and rivers, so that the clear spring on the wall often whispers. Wang Fu's character is "sensitive and quiet". As the daughter of Jinshi, she didn't tell Su Shi that she knew the book at first. Whenever Su Shi is studying, she doesn't go all day. Later, Su Shi forgot one thing, but she reminded him. Curious Su Shi asked her questions in other books, and she could answer them, which immediately surprised Su Shi and made him sit up and take notice. When Su Shi associates with visitors, Wang Fu often stands behind the screen and listens to the conversation. Afterwards, she told Su Shi her summary and views on someone's temperament, and the results were all right. It can be said that Su Shi is an excellent wife. However, the good times did not last long. Wang Fu died of illness in Beijing at the age of 27, which made Su Shi extremely sad. At this time, Su Shi's mother Shi Cheng had passed away. Su Xun said to Su Shi, "It is not easy for Wang Fu to follow you. She will be buried next to her mother-in-law's grave. " Who knows that in less than a year, Su Xun died in Beijing. So Su Shi's brothers went home after the funeral and buried Wang Fu next to his aunt's grave. One night ten years later, Su Shi saw Wang Fu again in his dream and woke up sad, so he wrote the famous "Jiangchengzi?" Do you still remember the dream? It is one of the most successful and touching poems about the love between husband and wife for thousands of years. The whole poem uses the technique of line drawing to write the most thrilling scene between husband and wife, "Where are you going?" It is said that Su Shi was the first person to write a mourning poem in words, but this pioneering work has become a peak that later generations can't reach. This is of course because Su Shi is brilliant and knowledgeable, but more because he and Wang Fu have sincere feelings. Only a few people know that the beginning of this feeling is a mysterious fish pond hidden in the depths of the forest. Wang Fu and Weng Gu were buried together in the mountains of Li Kelong, Yumei Anzhen Township. It is said that there is a mountain spring nearby. An old man with white hair often lies on the spring. He can only see from a distance. As soon as a man approaches, he hides in the spring, so the spring is also called the old man's spring. Su Zhe wrote a poem in his later years: "The old man sent him to the east and had no neighbors. Eight feet cold spring has white hair. Mother-in-law makes the moon shine, relaxing the night guests. " That's what it means. Su Shi has a poem: "An old friend returned to Yuyuan Mountain and planted 30,000 pines." I don't know if there are many trees planted, so I can't find the Sujia cemetery in this mountain forest. During the Ming Dynasty, Ren Xu, a Cantonese, went to Meizhou to be a satrap. He led many people up the mountain to look for Su Xun's tomb according to the map, but failed again and again, which made him lament: "It is difficult to find the tomb of the sage in Qingshan, and the white-haired people sent the black-haired people to reunite with the monks in this temple." During the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, Jin Yifeng, the magistrate of Meizhou, also took the gentry to look for Shan Ye, and finally entered a thorny forest. When they cut off the weeds, the graves of Su Xun and others finally appeared, but the epitaph had already eroded the moss and sealed the leaves. Jin Yifeng felt sorry for the learned people in the world, but she ended up like this behind her. So he donated money to seal the land, build tombs and temples, which is the "Sufen Mountain" that exists today. This is the place where Su Shi "listens to the rain and worries a lot", and it is also the place where he "has nowhere to talk" in a foreign land. Mourners will know. Second, the east wind generally breaks five at the beginning. Liu Jiang is pale yellow, with thousands of Qian Qian streaks. I was so angry that I came to embroider households. In those days, a strange girl was born by the river. Who should get a birthday present? Three pearls, the king put on his lap. Put down the poor balance and watch the rain. The weather is good for Mantuo. -"The Recent Flowers" Su Shi's second wife, Wang Runzhi, is Wang Fu's cousin. Compared with Wang Fu and Chao Yun, Wang Runzhi is the least famous. She may not be as talented and knowledgeable as Wang Fu, but she is also a virtuous wife. Wang Runzhi also died before Su Shi, which made Su Shi suffer another blow, with tears in his eyes. Wang Runzhi is a typical traditional housewife. Su Shi's "Wutai Poetry Case" was arrested and imprisoned. Wang Runzhi was frightened and worried that the bad guys would find out Su Shi's crimes from the poems, so he burned Su Shi's poems. This incident has also become an irreparable regret in the hearts of people who have loved Su Shi for thousands of years. However, Wang Runzhi is not without artistic cells. When Su Shi's family was in Ruyin, plum blossoms were in full bloom in front of the hall all night, and the moonlight was fresh. Wang Runzhi asked Su Shi to invite friends to drink under the flowers. She said: "The spring moon is better than the autumn moon, which is both sad and happy." Su Shi was overjoyed and said, "I really didn't know you could write poetry. What you just said is really a poet's language. " The so-called true poetry is among the people, but Wang Runzhi, who can't write poetry, inadvertently said poetic language, which inspired Su Shi to write a poem "Broken Magnolia": In the afternoon of spring, the fragrance is swaying and dancing. Nine winding corridors, dancing steps, trees among trees, half withered, and the wine is fragrant to plum. Light clouds, thin fog and moonlight on such a spring night are the time for young people to enjoy happiness. Unlike the autumn moon, people who cling to leave are injured twice. Wang Runzhi is gentle and virtuous. When he was in Huangzhou, Su Shi was depressed and the child was still crying in front of him. Su Shi is about to get angry. Wang Runzhi enlightened Su Shi and said, "How can you be more stupid than a child? Why are you unhappy? " Su Shi felt guilty after hearing this. Wang Runzhi washed the cup and put it in front of him. This incident was written into the poem by Su Shi. It is a great comfort for Su Shi to have a good wife in the bitter days of Huangzhou. On the occasion of Wang Runzhi's birthday, Su Shi released fish to pray for her, and made the above-mentioned Chronicle of Recent Flowers. "Three pearls, the king kneels" is a compliment to her for treating her three sons equally, regardless of each other and loving each other. Wang Runzhi and Wang Fu's hometown are both green gods in Meizhou, where the mountains and rivers are beautiful and the Minjiang River passes through. Wang Runzhi, born in a riverside family, is the most beautiful woman in the world in Su Shi's eyes, with green mountains and green waters and lush greenery. Three silver waves are endless. As the sun sets, the clouds are light and the wind is light. I have seen Qingluan Zifeng and Downtown. I can't play the twenty-five strings, I feel empty and cherish my feelings. Cangwu smoke and water cut off and went home. Who do you greet with neon lights? Tears flow thousands of lines and there are ten thousand kinds of mourning. After dancing in the sea of clouds, I hate entering the river through the ages. -The author of the word "Jiangchengzi" is controversial. Many anthologies of Song Ci are said to be Ye Mengde's ci, but Long Yusheng's Notes on Dongpo Yuefu classified it under Su Shi's door. Because the meaning of the word is implicit, there seems to be no exact data to prove whether it was written by Su Shi or Ye Mengde, and no one seems to have verified it. But I think from the word itself, it is more likely to be Su Shi's work. An author's writing always has a certain style and pattern. Although he may consciously let himself try different creations, traces of habits can still be found, and so is this song "Jiangchengzi". In Su Shi's poems, we often see some words with high frequency, that is, words that Su Shi likes to use, just like some words in Jiangchengzi. Su Shi loves to use the word "Yin Tao", but Ye Mengde also uses it. At the earliest, Li Houzhu directly wrote "Yin Tao is boundless", so it is not enough. Other aspects, such as the word "sunset", we are in Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi? You can find a sentence similar to Sunset in Under the Phoenix Mountain. "There are thousands of tears in the air, mourning for your virginity" is even more familiar in Su Shi's works. Because when Su Shi describes crying, it seems that he likes to write "a thousand tears of acacia" (the river wanders around the world), "only a thousand tears" (the river pursues dreams), "the east wind blows through a thousand tears" (butterfly lovers, spring after rain) and "tears on his pillow, tears on his face" (flowers are slow in the rain, but moths are ashamed. "You" happens to be Su Shi's favorite word, such as "Lonely people come and go alone" (Buji Moonless Hanging Sparse Trees) and "Alone with Jun" (He Xinlang? "Wu"), "In the dream, the heart sings" ("Man Jiang Hong? Looking for Happiness in Sorrow) Fragrant Flowers in the Valley (four ancient people of Linjiang Xian), Sleeping in a Small Garden (Fei Fei, a son of Shan Yu in the Southern Song Dynasty), Breaking the Dream of a Green Window (Zhao Jun's Resentment) and You Hate It's Hard to Wash (butterfly lovers, Spring after Rain). Even in another poem written by Su Shi in Cangwu, there is a sentence like "You sit on your pillow and sigh". The same is true of the word "send", which frequently appears in Su Shi's poems, such as "I want to send a thousand tears of acacia" (Jiang Chengzi wanders around the world), "I have to believe that life is like sending" (Moqi in Xijiang), "I hate sending Cangzhou" (water turns around and Anshi is in the East China Sea), "Jiang Hai sends the rest of my life" (Jiang Meng) and "I beg for a moment alone on the monk's couch" There are also poems such as "Looking at the sea of clouds in the west, sending this body", "Dream for ten years, sending the west wind" and "sending a small pavilion to the sick bed". The sea of clouds is also something that often appears in Su Shi's poems, such as "sending this body across the sea of clouds" mentioned just now, such as "the sea of clouds is far away" and "Nanxiangzi?" Wu Dong looked at Yuhang, such as "Don't go to the lonely peak, look at the sea of clouds." "Man Fang Ting? Thirty-three years ","the vast sea of clouds in ancient times "("Shui Long Yin ") and so on. As can be seen from the above examples, there are many words commonly used by Su Shi in this poem "Jiangchengzi", which has a strong Su Shi style. "There are thousands of tears in the air, I give you my love", which is a powerful proof of Su Ci. Because this song "Jiangchengzi" is Ye Mengde's word, titled "Ancient ChristianRandPhillips", and the word "Cangwu Smoke Water", which is now Wuzhou, Guangxi, is said to have died after traveling to Cangwu in the south. His concubines, E Huang and Nv Ying, cried when they heard the news, and their blood and tears dyed the bamboo red. If Ye Mengde wrote this first word and recited the story of Shun Fei, it would be difficult to understand the sentence "There are thousands of tears in the air, I will give you my virginity"-the story that later generations hurt Shun Fei's heart may sigh and feel sad for it, but it is hard to imagine that they will be moved to cry "thousands of tears"; If this sentence is not the writer's emotion, but Shun's emotion, it is meaningless. Because Shun died before he died, why did Shun say "a thousand tears"? And if this word is understood as Su Shi's, it is completely reasonable. In A.D. 1097, Su Shi was banished to Danzhou and passed Cangwu on the way. He learned that his younger brother Su Zhe had just passed Cangwu when he was banished to Leizhou. He also wrote a poem about it. The first two sentences are: "Nine doubts are linked to cotton and belong to Hengxiang, and Cangwu is unique." The year before last, Su Shi's concubine Chaoyun died in Huizhou. Therefore, Su Shi remembered Shunfei's past in Cangwu, expressed his nostalgia for Chaoyun, and wrote this magnificent and extremely beautiful "Jiangchengzi". Tang Lingling's Research on Dongpo Yuefu also did not draw a conclusion about the author of this word, but thought that if it was Su Shi's work, it should have been written when Su Shi crossed the sea from Danzhou to the north in 1 100. I have some doubts about this statement. Because it is clearly written that the word "Cangwu is broken off", and Su Shi passed Cangwu when he went to Danzhou on 1097, it should have been written in Cangwu that year. Su Shi was exiled to the south before dusk, when his descendants were crying at the seaside, in a very miserable situation. Su Shi went to Danzhou with the feeling of never coming back and dying overseas, so he said he was "broken home". Tang Lingling said that this poem is actually the opposite of Su Shi's poem "On the third night, the bitter rain will eventually clear up ...". According to Tang Lingling, this poem "reflects his passion for survival", and this word is undoubtedly the expression of his great disillusionment with life, so it should not be a work created at the same time. In this poem, Su Shi faces Yin Tao alone and misses his dead concubine. At that time, he dreamed that he and Wang Fu "cared for each other silently, only a thousand tears", and now he still remembers Chaoyun's "a thousand tears in the air, sending you a quiet virginity". Beautiful words cast the ruthlessness and helplessness of life's fate. "I have seen the Green Phoenix and Purple Phoenix, Downtown", which makes many people mistakenly think that it is a story about Shun Fei, so that it is mixed with Ye Mengde's works. In fact, when Su Shi and Chao Yun lived alone in Huizhou, they both had the heart to worship Taoism and good Buddhism. Su Shi said in Poems on the Clouds: "Collateral medicine stove is a new work, dancing shirt fans an old marriage. Dan Cheng will go to Sanshan with me instead of being a fairy dancer. " Full of fairy tales, and when writing this poem, Su Shi was preparing to cross the sea alone, so he naturally used fairy tales to remember and yearn for their past and future. Chaoyun became Su Shi's maid in Hangzhou at the age of twelve, and was accepted as a concubine by Su Shi when she grew up. In the second half of his life, Su Shi accompanied Chaoyun and Wan Li until his death. He remained loyal to Su Shi until he died in Huizhou at the age of 34. She was Su Shi's only confidante in his bleak old age. It can be seen that Su Shi was full of "untimely birth". When the flowers faded and turned red when she sang Su Shi's "Dead Hua Lian", she burst into tears and could hardly speak. After Chao Yun died, Su Shi never heard this song again. Su Shi also wrote a song "Charming" for Chaoyun. White-haired, the text also focuses on the beauty of the clouds. The two of them have a "Wei Mo realm" and a "what's wrong with scattered flowers", and their feelings have been sublimated in the feelings of ordinary men and women. Of course, Su Shi's most famous poem commemorating Chaoyun is Xijiang Moon? Mei "jade bone has no worries about fog, and the ice posture has its own fairy wind. The sea fairy hangs her green hair upside down when she sends out a fragrant cluster. Plain noodles are often too pink, and red lips do not fade when washing makeup. The high sentiment has vanished, and I don't dream with Lihua. -"Xijiang Moon" Yang Shen's "Ci Pin" says: "In ancient and modern Mei Ci, Dongpo is the first. "The word' Yongmei' is actually a memory of Chaoyun. The whole word is noble in pen and ink, which means ethereal, and it is no longer a vulgar style. When Chao read that "a plain face is always full of powder, but the lips never fade when washing makeup", he lamented that Su Shi was destined to emigrate overseas, because such a sentence was actually made by people in China. In A Dream of Red Mansions, Xue Baoqin's "Bright Moon and Plum Blossom Fragrance, One Dream" comes from Su Shi's Xijiang Moon. Because Su Shi wrote plum blossoms, that sentence is "Don't dream of pear blossoms", so there are different versions of the words in A Dream of Red Mansions, and some of them are also called "a dream with a bright moon and a pear flower". I miss the morning clouds. Compared with the poem Xijiang Moon, Jiangchengzi has been forgotten for a long time. The former is touching and tactful, while the latter is more tragic and magnificent. Su Shi and Chao Yun used to be "green bears and purple phoenixes, lower class cities", and they experienced the warmth of true love in their years of wandering life. But now the clouds are going to Huizhou Fairy, and only white-haired Su Shi faces the vast rivers and seas alone. All the joys and sorrows in the world are like the unfolding of a magical big fish dragon. After the excitement, there is only "eternal hatred, entering the river." "This sad man, alone, wandering at the foot of the vast water bank, endless silver waves, scattered twilight, full of endless memories, endless loneliness, countless ups and downs, endless twilight. ...