Gingivitis: The main symptoms are obvious calculus and plaque around the gums, the gums turn from healthy pink to bright red, swelling and pain, bleeding when brushing teeth or eating, and long-term bad breath.
At this time, inflammation has not invaded periodontal tissue. As long as you simply wash your teeth and remove calculus and plaque that irritate your gums, the inflammation will disappear and your gums will return to health.
Early stage of periodontitis: In addition to the symptoms of gingivitis, there are periodontal pockets and alveolar bone absorption, and the gums are slightly atrophied.
At this time, inflammation has invaded periodontal tissue. In addition to tooth washing, subgingival scaling is also needed to remove plaque stones and some inflammatory tissues from periodontal pockets. Because the bacteria in the periodontal pocket are not easy to clean, it is necessary to do anti-inflammatory and sterilization treatment after scraping, otherwise periodontitis will easily recur. At present, drugs are generally used for treatment, and laser treatment is also an ideal sterilization method. Subgingival scaling combined with laser periodontal pocket disinfection is cleaner and can effectively reduce infection and recurrence.
Mid-late periodontitis: further deepening of periodontal pocket, periodontal abscess, alveolar bone absorption, gingival atrophy, dentin hypersensitivity caused by root exposure, tooth loosening and displacement, widening of tooth gap, weakness in chewing, etc.
Because periodontal supporting tissue is non-renewable, gingival atrophy and alveolar bone absorption are irreversible, and the treatment can only be to eliminate inflammation and prevent the disease from developing again. In this stage, besides basic periodontal treatment, tooth washing and subgingival scaling, some restorative treatments are needed, such as periodontal splint fixation, occlusal adjustment and orthodontic treatment.
Advanced Periodontitis: In the late stage of periodontitis, the alveolar bone has been completely destroyed, and the teeth are loose, displaced and even fall off.
At this time, even if some periodontal surgery is done to preserve teeth, the prognosis is relatively poor. After teeth fall off, it is necessary to repair the missing teeth, wear dentures or implant teeth.