1. Determining observation point: Select the place where settlement observation is needed, usually the foundation or key part of buildings, bridges or other structures.
2. Design of observation wells: According to the actual situation, design observation wells or observation well patterns, so as to install measuring equipment and ensure that the required soil or foundation settlement can be observed.
3. Installation of measuring equipment: Install settlement measuring equipment in the observation well or near the wellhead. Common equipment includes settlement signs, settlement meters, measuring tubes, liquid level meters, etc.
4. Carry out benchmark measurement: carry out benchmark measurement before monitoring, that is, record the elevation and position information of the observation point in the initial state.
5. Periodic measurement: Settlement observation shall be conducted at regular intervals as required. This can be achieved by recording the horizontal changes of displacement, height difference or settlement with measuring equipment.
6. Data processing and analysis: process and analyze the measured data, compare the measurement results at different time points, and calculate the settlement amount, settlement rate and trend.
Main functions of settlement observation points.
1. Safety evaluation: By monitoring the settlement of observation points, the stability of soil or foundation can be evaluated, and whether there is settlement risk or the settlement rate exceeds the acceptable range of buildings can be judged. This helps to ensure the safety of buildings or structures and prevent the damage or collapse of buildings caused by soil settlement.
2. Structural health monitoring: settlement observation can be used to monitor the health status of buildings or structures. If the settlement of the observation point exceeds the expected range, it may indicate that there are problems in the foundation, unstable soil or other structural defects, and it is necessary to take timely repair and reinforcement measures.
3. Engineering design and optimization: Through continuous settlement observation, data about the nature and behavior of soil settlement can be obtained. These data can be used to optimize engineering design, determine appropriate foundation types and building support methods, and ensure the stability and economy of engineering projects.
4. Land development planning: In the process of land development, settlement observation points can provide information such as groundwater level, soil characteristics and foundation bearing capacity. This is helpful to evaluate the land availability, determine the appropriate foundation treatment method and plan the reasonable building layout.
5. Evaluation of monitoring effect: Regular monitoring of settlement observation points can evaluate and verify the effect of settlement repair measures or foundation reinforcement schemes. This can help engineers and supervisors understand the governance effect of the project and make adjustments and improvements as needed.