Li Qingzhao's life experience can be divided into two periods: before and after the Song Dynasty moved south.
Li Qingzhao lived with his father in Bianjing and Luoyang in his early years and received a good cultural education. She is proficient in writing, writing and temperament. "She has had a poetic name since she was a teenager, so she can support herself and get close to her predecessors" (Wang Zhuo's Biji Manzhi). Fu Yuan wrote Wuxi Zhongxing and Zhang Wenqian for three years (1 100), which were well received by people at that time. When Jian Zhong Jing Guoyuan11kloc-0/years old, he married Zhao Mingcheng, the youngest son of Tingzhi Zhao, assistant minister of the official department. Ming Cheng was 2 1 year old. He is a student of Imperial College and likes to collect the stone carvings of the previous generation. Shortly after the marriage, the new party Cai Jing came to power, and Tingzhi Zhao was promoted to Shangshu Youcheng. They tried their best to crack down on the old party. Li was removed from his post because he was party member, in order to talk about the prison. At that time, Li Qingzhao gave Tingzhi Zhao a poem in an attempt to save his father. There is a saying in the poem that "the heart is hot and the heart is cold". It can be seen that the Li family suffered political misfortune after marriage, and she was dissatisfied with what she had done.
About the second year of Chongning (1 103), Zhao Mingcheng began to be an official and once worked as a young lady. Their husband and wife are like-minded. "They have food, food, clothing and training, are poor and far away, and have the ambition of the world in ancient Chinese characters" (Preface to the Records of the Stone). After their search, the collection of dead poems, famous paintings of ancient and modern celebrities and cultural relics gradually increased. In the first year of Daguan (1 107), he died in the capital and the Zhao family suffered a political disaster. At that time, Cai Jing shot for the left servant and framed the Zhao family because of jealousy. However, due to lack of evidence, only Tingzhi Zhao's office was closed down. Brother Zhao Mingcheng may lose his job because of this. Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng returned to Zhao's hometown in Qingzhou (now Yidu, Shandong Province).
Zhao Mingcheng lived in the village for 10 years. They "retreat from difficulties" and work harder to visit historical sites and cultural relics. In the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), Zhao Mingcheng was reinstated. One is to stay in Laizhou (now Ye County, Shandong Province). After the term of office, Zizhou (now Zibo) was changed to a secret pavilion. During this period, they began to compile the records of inscriptions, and constantly collected antiques and inscriptions, appreciated and revised them together, and made great achievements in academics. In the first year of Jingkang, Jin people besieged Bianjing. The following year, Zhao Mingcheng's mother died in Jinling, and Mingcheng went south with the book 15. Subsequently, the Northern Song Dynasty perished. After Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, Ming Chengzu began to know Jiankang House. At this time, there was chaos in the north, and everything in Zhao Jiaqing's tenth palace was burned. Li Qingzhao started her miserable life in the south with only a few cultural relics.
Two years later (1 128), Li Qingzhao fled south to Jiankang with the pain of national ruin and death. She was very concerned about the fate of the country and the political situation at that time. She wrote poems such as "It's too cold to come to Wujiang in the south and too cold to go to Yishui in the north" and "Wang Dao in rags in the south and Liu Kun in the north", expressing her great dissatisfaction with the Southern Song Dynasty court. The following year, Zhao Mingcheng moved to Huzhou (now Zhejiang). Stay in Chiyang (now Guichi, Anhui) and go to Jiankang alone. Unfortunately, he was ill. When Qingzhao arrived in Jiankang by boat from Chiyang, Mingcheng was critically ill and died soon. She buried her husband with great sorrow. At this time, the nomads from the army invaded south on a large scale, and the health situation was urgent. The imperial court has begun to evacuate and flee.
Li Qingzhao sent people to send books and golden stone carvings to Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) first, and prepared to go there to go to Zhao Mingcheng's sister-in-law to avoid chaos. However, Hongzhou fell again and the road was blocked. Most of the cultural relics were lost in the war. When Zhao Mingcheng was seriously ill, his friend Zhang Feiqing came to visit him with a jade pot. It is rumored that the couple are using jade pots to praise gold. I heard that someone reported it to the court. Such a political frame-up frightened Li Qingzhao, and she decided to present all the bronzes and other items in her home to the court in order to get rid of it. So, she fled along the route of Emperor Gaozong, from Yuezhou to Mingzhou, passing through Fenghua and Taizhou, and then returning to Yuezhou via Wenzhou. Finally, I stayed in Shaoxing for two years and moved from Yuezhou to Hangzhou. During this period, she was not only under political pressure, but also a lot of calligraphy and painting ink was stolen, and she was wandering around alone, in an extremely miserable situation. According to the Records of Jian Yan Years and other materials, Li Qingzhao remarried, but later scholars are quite controversial about it.
This winter, Jin Rennan committed a crime. She went from Lin 'an to Jinhua to avoid chaos and returned to Lin 'an the next year. There is a lack of information about Li Qingzhao's life in her later years, but she once wrote poems to Han Xiaoyao and Hu Songnian as an ambassador, wrote "Flattery" and "Preface", and visited Mi Youren with the ink of her predecessors to ask for an inscription. This shows that she has always been concerned about state affairs and has been engaged in literary creation and academic activities.
Li Qingzhao's Ci Creation
On Ci, she emphasized harmony, elegance and emotion, opposed the method of writing poetry, strictly distinguished word segmentation from writing poetry, attached importance to the artistic characteristics of Ci itself, and put forward the theory that Ci is different from one family (see Ci).
There are more than 70 existing words, most of which are acacia and lack of deep meaning. For example, Dream Order (last night's rain dispersed and the wind blew suddenly), Pointing to the lips on the platform (on the swing), Drunk Flowers (misty clouds make you sad forever), Pruning a Prune (lotus fragrance and jade embellishment) and Phoenix Taiwan Xiao (fragrant and cold) all show the yearning for love and natural scenery.
In the later period (after crossing the south), most of the works show the feeling of loneliness and desolation, and miss the homeland of the Central Plains. Style twists and turns obscure, beauty is sad. For example, Wuling Spring (when the wind blows away, the fragrant flowers are exhausted), Bodhisattva Man (when the wind is soft, it is still early spring), Nian Nujiao (in a depressed courtyard), water meets music (when the sunset melts gold) and so on. , expressed some patriotic feelings for his hometown. The famous "Sound Slow" uses seven overlapping words, which accurately, naturally, profoundly and meticulously expresses the loneliness after being devastated by the country.
His ci has the characteristics of simple lines, lyrical objects, exquisite twists and turns, fresh and natural language, harmonious and beautiful melody. They are unique in the Song Dynasty, known as "Yi 'an Style", which pushed graceful and restrained words to a peak and had a great influence on later generations. Wang Zhuo's "Blue Chicken Manzhi" said: "Yi 'an layman can make long and short sentences, full of twists and turns, light and sharp, and full of gestures. Kuang Zhouxi's "Hui Feng Hua Ci" said: "Yi 'an's style of writing is close to strong, and its artistic conception is more profound, which is the first in the Southern Song Dynasty. "There are fifteen poems today, full of the sense of the times, full of nostalgia for history, expressing patriotic feelings and heroic demeanor. For example, chant on the eighth floor, Mihan Palace of Shangshu, Gong Hu, Shangshu of Ministry of War, chant history, etc. In the summer quatrains, "life is an outstanding person, and death is also a ghost." "I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong, which is quite popular."
His essay "Preface to the Story of the Stone" introduces the process of the couple collecting and sorting out the cultural relics of the Story of the Stone, the content and writing process of the Story of the Stone, and recalls their worries and gains during the thirty-four years after their marriage. It is tactful and nuanced, and the language is concise and smooth. For details of his life, see Shandong Tongzhi, Tian Yiheng's History of Poetry, Women's History, etc. There are Yu Shu's poems and Li Qingzhao's collections. The feeling of loneliness and pain after being devastated by the country. His ci has the characteristics of simple lines, lyrical objects, exquisite twists and turns, fresh and natural language, harmonious and beautiful melody. They are unique in the Song Dynasty, known as "Yi 'an Style", which pushed graceful and restrained words to a peak and had a great influence on later generations. Wang Zhuo's "Blue Chicken Manzhi" said: "Yi 'an layman can make long and short sentences, full of twists and turns, light and sharp, and full of gestures. Kuang Zhouxi's "Hui Feng Hua Ci" said: "Yi 'an's style of writing is close to strong, and its artistic conception is more profound, which is the first in the Southern Song Dynasty. "