The existing floor heating systems mainly include: water heating system, electric floor heating system, moisture-proof and dehumidification system and constant temperature and humidity system.
Well-known floor heating system manufacturers at home and abroad: Guangzhou Lianghuo, Ruikan and Tyco Thermal Control.
History of Floor Heating System
Floor heating system is an ancient and brand-new technology.
In China, floor heating can be traced back to the end of Ming Dynasty, which is a kind of heating method only available to the royal family. For example, in the existing Forbidden City in China, a flue is built under the floor of blue bricks, and smoke is transmitted through the flue in winter, and smoke windows are arranged reasonably, so that the blue bricks will spread indoors after heating up, thus producing the effect of indoor warmth.
After that, the heating methods of fire wall and fire kang appeared in the rural areas of northern China, and the underground kang appeared.
Since ancient times, human beings have been inheriting civilization, pioneering and innovating, and making continuous progress.
Now, with the advent of the era of science and technology, the floor heating technology has developed from the initial flue radiant kang heating to floor radiant heating with modern materials as the heat medium.
This technology was applied in developed countries as early as 1930s, and in China, it was applied in the Great Hall of the People, Overseas Chinese Hotel and other projects in 1950s.
The new standard floor heating system is also a new heating method that has begun to rise in the north of the Yellow River in China in recent years. It is widely used in Shandong, Tianjin, Liaoning, Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and other places.
For example, in Tianjin, floor heating accounts for 40% of new buildings and is widely welcomed by residents.
China municipal government has listed floor heating as a key building energy-saving technology.
In terms of development, more than 60% residents will use floor heating in the future. The application prospect is gratifying and the development market is huge.
Classification of floor heating system
water-heating system
Water heating, that is, low-temperature hot water floor radiation heating, is a heating method in which hot water with a temperature not higher than 60℃ is used as the heating medium, and the floor is heated circularly in the heating pipeline, and heat is supplied indoors through the radiation of the ground and the convection.
Electric floor heating system
A heating method that uses low-temperature heating cable as the heat source to heat the floor, and supplies heat to the room through ground radiation and convection.
Moisture-proof and dehumidification system
According to the climate characteristics of South China, in the humid weather in spring, the ground is kept dry by heating and evaporating the residual water on the ground.
Constant temperature and humidity system
When the indoor humidity is less than or equal to 35%, the control system automatically humidifies, and when the indoor humidity is less than or equal to 55%, the control system stops.
No manual opening or closing is required.
It is determined that the optimum indoor humidity is 40%-70%RH (relative humidity).
When the indoor temperature is lower than the set value, the system automatically turns on, and when the indoor temperature is lower than the set value, the system automatically turns on; When the indoor temperature reaches the set value, the system will automatically shut down.
Characteristics of floor heating system
1, energy saving:
The temperature distribution in the hall along the height direction is relatively uniform, and the temperature gradient is small, which reduces the invalid heat loss.
Practice has proved that the design temperature of radiant heating room can be 2-3℃ lower than that of radiator, but the same comfort can be obtained, thus reducing heat supply and saving energy.
At the same time, due to low temperature transmission, the heat loss is small.
2. Low operating costs:
In general radiator heating mode 15-20 years, pipes and some radiators need to be replaced, while floor radiant heating only needs to clean the filter regularly, and the operating cost is only the power consumption of the system micro-pump, so the maintenance and operation cost is extremely low.
3, uniform temperature:
According to the traditional heating method, only a limited number of radiators can be arranged on the outer wall of the exhibition hall with high space.
At the same time, due to the height of the lifting frame and the rising of hot air, it is bound to cause heating up and cooling down, so it is difficult to ensure the room temperature of the working area.
The low-temperature floor radiant heating method solves this problem well.
This heating method is to bury the heating pipes underground to raise the surface temperature and dissipate heat indoors, thus forming a hot air layer below 1.8 meters.
This can not only ensure the room temperature, but also make the temperature distribution in the whole hall uniform.
4. Health and comfort:
Ideal heating: the best effect on human health and heating efficiency is to gradually cool down from bottom to top, and floor radiation heating is the closest to the ideal heating method (head cold and feet hot). The characteristic of radiant heating is that it can increase the inner surface temperature of the external wall. People stay on the warm floor, their feet are warm, and their upper body is not affected by cold radiation, so they feel very comfortable.
At the same time, it avoids the rapid flow of indoor air caused by convection heating, thus reducing dust flying and ensuring the hygiene of exhibits.
5, good sound insulation:
Avoid the noise when walking, children running, and moving things from affecting the downstairs neighbors' rest.
Geothermal system structure diagram
6, save room area:
Reducing the space area of heating by conventional heating method can save 6- 10% of the valuable real room area, that is to say, a room with 100 square meters will lose 6- 10 square meters of room area for nothing because of placing and decorating radiators. If it costs 3000 yuan/square meter, it will lose 18000-30000.
7. High efficiency and energy saving: radiant heating mainly exchanges heat with human body through thermal radiation, so the thermal efficiency is high; Heat is concentrated in the height range of human perception, and energy is effectively utilized; Using low-temperature hot water to transfer energy, the energy loss is small during the transfer process.
8. Good thermal stability: Because the ground and concrete layer have large energy storage and good thermal stability, the room temperature can remain stable even under intermittent operation conditions.
9. Long service life: The floor heating pipes that meet international industrial standards are materials that can be used continuously for more than 50 years.
10. Convenient heat metering: It is only necessary to install a heat meter in front of the distribution main pipe of each household to realize household metering.
A heating method beneficial to human body
There are many kinds of heating, such as water heaters, heaters, air conditioners and radiant heating.
Chinese medicine often says that "people who are warm will retreat first" and "all diseases are from the foot". When people feel cold, they often start with their feet and legs, and catching cold on their legs and feet will lead to the appearance or deterioration of various diseases.
Therefore, as far as people's living environment is concerned, heating in the form of ground radiation from bottom to top is the most suitable for the human body.
Characteristics of heating cable heating system
-Completely eliminate electromagnetic waves harmful to human body as a double-core cable, and completely eliminate electromagnetic waves generated when the cable is electrified.
conduction heating
Unlike air convection heating, it will not produce dust, noise and so on.
Various heating methods
Wet installation can realize heat storage heating, dry construction and rapid temperature rise.
-Free choice of flooring materials
Different construction methods fully meet the requirements of different types of ground materials.
Such as wood floor, marble and floor tiles.
-Low cost of use
Using electricity in low valley to reduce heating cost-comfortable heating
No peculiar smell, convenient temperature control.
Healthy heating
"Feet are hot and head is cold" is a kind of temperature distribution, which is beneficial to human health.
-Far infrared radiant heat
It can radiate far infrared rays, which is more beneficial to human body.
-Uniform temperature distribution
It can be heated in any space as required.
High quality and long service life.
Its own structure has been strengthened to achieve permanent maintenance-free.
-Easy to control
Room-by-room and door-to-door arbitrary control on demand
-Environmental protection heating
Use renewable electric energy to protect the environment.
-Safe and durable
High temperature heating is not needed, and its multiple protection structure ensures safe use.
application area
Office building inhabitation space yoga hall
Selection of floor heating system materials for toilets, schools and dormitory buildings
marble
Marble not only shows noble quality, but also brings coolness in summer and heat storage and heating in winter.
The heat generated by the heating cable is quickly transferred to the ground, thus evenly and comfortably distributing the heat to all corners.
Mati dog
As far as solid wood flooring and reinforced/composite flooring are concerned, the wet or dry construction of heating cables is most suitable for floor heating.
firebrick
Before laying the floor tiles, heating cables were used on floors such as toilets, which not only solved the problem of anti-freezing at one time, but also provided comfortable space heating.
Product warranty exceeds 15 years.
Comparison between electric floor heating and water heating
Summary:
Both water heating and electric heating are floor heating. Compared with other heating methods, they have the advantages of health, energy saving, environmental protection and fashion.
Advantages and disadvantages:
☆ Electric heating is like a wire buried in a wall, and an investment will benefit you for life; Boiler is used for heating water, and its service life is ten years.
☆ Simple electric heating system, convenient construction and maintenance-free; Water heating is more complicated than electric heating, and the possibility of maintenance is greater than electric heating. Every heating season, floor heating companies need professional maintenance.
☆ The heating rate of electric heating is faster than that of water heating, and the achievable temperature is higher than that of water heating.
Of course, as far as the correct use of floor heating is concerned, this has no universal significance, but it has special significance (such as toilets and temporary shelters).
To sum up, in addition to energy consumption, the advantages of electric heating system are obvious.
But energy consumption is an important issue.
Therefore, water heating and electric heating have their own advantages and complement each other.
Adjusting the heating system settings in different time periods at any time as needed can effectively save money.
The electric floor heating system has the advantages of convenient setting and independent room control, and users can set up the heating system very conveniently according to their own needs.
Save electricity for heating like lighting and water.
In addition, the floor heating system can also be an intelligent thermostat, which can be programmed according to the user's life rules and automatically control the process, which will effectively save energy.
1: electric heating
Characteristics of Tyco electric floor heating in the United States
◆ The product range is complete: single conductor, double conductor and self-limiting heating cable.
1934 The first company in the world to produce electric heating products is the first brand in the world.
Electric heating
◆ The continuous aluminum shielding layer is simpler to construct and safer to use.
◆ Long service life and low maintenance cost.
◆ Environmental protection, energy saving and no noise.
◆ It can be controlled by separate rooms and households, making it more convenient to use.
◆ Original implicit splicing technology ensures the zero failure rate of cables.
■ Safety
◆ The service life of alloy heating element materials is more than 50 years.
◆ PTFE is used, which is resistant to high pressure, high temperature and penetration.
◆ Metal shielding sheath, tinned copper wire shielding, eliminating electromagnetic field, without any impact on health.
◆ Safe and reliable waterproof sheath, 100% waterproof and breathable.
The metal reinforced sheath improves the tensile and compressive strength and can withstand installation and use in various environments.
◆ PTFE sheath, resistant to strong chemical corrosion and penetration.
◆ Implicit splicing of cold and hot wires ensures the continuity and safety of insulation layer.
2. Water heating
The flowing medium is water, which contains various substances and can be basically divided into two categories: one is minerals.
Such as calcium and magnesium plasma.
As we all know,
The change of water temperature in the circulation system structure will combine with calcium and magnesium ions to form dirt and deposit it inside the pipeline, just like boiling tap water. After the temperature is lowered, many brown rust scales will be deposited on the bottom of the container. The other is microorganisms.
After the heating, the water in the geothermal pipeline is not discharged. At room temperature, a large number of microorganisms will breed in the water, and these microorganisms will continue to multiply and crack, forming biological mucus and attaching to the pipeline wall. Because of the complex shape of geothermal coil and the long pipeline, thick silt will form after a period of time, which will lead to the relative shrinkage of geothermal pipeline, the decrease of water flow and low thermal efficiency, and even lead to pipeline embolism and pipeline failure.
Therefore, geothermal pipelines need to be cleaned regularly.
The service life of boilers is 12- 15 years, and the service life of distribution manifolds is 6-8 years, so at least 3 boilers, 6 distribution manifolds, thermostats and other accessories should be replaced within 50 years.
Increase the later purchase and installation costs.
Second, the geosphere needs cleaning, usually once a year. It will scale when used for a long time, and the smooth inner wall of the thermos bottle will scale, not to mention the water pipe.
This in turn leads to an increase in gas consumption and use cost.
Third, the boiler needs maintenance, usually once every two years. If it is broken, neither floor heating nor domestic hot water can be used.
Once the water pipe leaks, most of the ground will be removed.
Disadvantages of electric floor heating: you can't live with hot water.
Summary:
And judging from the follow-up expenditure of the two kinds of floor heating, electric floor heating is far less than water heating system.
It needs your specific consideration.
Extended knowledge of floor heating
The recognition of floor heating is getting higher and higher (1), and the popularization field is expanding.
Floor heating has always been confined to North China and North China, however, it will take one to two months for the Central Plains and East China to be below zero in winter.
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for living comfort is getting higher and higher. More and more immigrants settle in China, which challenges the traditional central heating area.
In China, central heating system is used in winter.
Therefore, the new independent heating mode has ushered in development opportunities.
Floor heating, with its strong flexibility, adaptability and advancement, just meets the needs of market development.
The floor heating is comfortable and the energy-saving effect is obvious. At present, the penetration rate in the "Three North Areas" is rapidly increasing, and the penetration rate in some cities can reach 70-80%, such as Qinhuangdao, Langfang, and Dongying, Shandong.
In some areas, floor heating is not a new heating method, but has generally become the first choice for construction units.
With the further increase of market demand, floor heating has expanded from large and medium-sized cities to county-level cities, and has made great breakthroughs in the region, such as Shanghai, Wuxi, Nanjing, Hefei, Jiujiang, Zunyi, Guiyang and other low-latitude cities and regions, which quickly accepted and adopted floor radiant heating.
(b) Awareness has been widely raised.
Even in the northeast with high penetration rate, floor heating is extremely difficult in the initial promotion stage, and residents' awareness and influence in the heating field are low.
Floor heating initially entered the heating market as a new technology, and the installation process of floor heating was hidden. Early floor heating companies put a lot of effort into recommendation, feasibility analysis, communication design, demonstration between models and project implementation.
With the recommendation of designers, the positive choice of construction units, the effect of engineering examples, the floor heating project is increasingly recognized by the society.
In the process of popularizing the application of floor heating, the floor heating company has gradually developed and formed a scale.
200 1, there is only one professional water heating market in the northeast market, and some special pipes for floor heating can be seen sporadically.
By 2005, at least 80% of urban residents have learned about floor heating, and the proportion of urban buildings, especially civil commercial and residential buildings, has risen rapidly. In 2005, floor heating accounted for more than 30% of the total market share, and this proportion continues to grow.
(3) The development space of floor heating is vast.
This heating method was recognized as one of the most comfortable heating methods as early as 1930s.
It has been used for a long time in many countries in Europe, North America and Asia, and has been widely used. 1994 accounted for more than 50% of the heating market in Germany, Germany and Japan. However, in China, the floor heating area is less than 10%, and there is a lot of room for development.
Conclusion: To sum up, the initial investment of floor heating system is at a medium level among all heating methods, but it is a high-return investment because of its good energy saving and service life equivalent to the building life (it is impossible to accurately analyze the benefits of this investment on family health and quality of life here).
Problems faced by electric heating system
1. The relevant state departments have no guiding opinions on electric floor heating, so the manufacturers of electric heating materials can use their own marketing methods to publicize at will, such as exaggerating and slandering each other;
2. It is normal for different manufacturers to have different technical contents, different product types, different production costs and different market prices. However, the industry lacks the guidance of authoritative institutions recognized by the public, and the well-known brands recognized by the public are not used as the reference system of technology and price, and all stakeholders have no confidence in this;
3. The concept of electric floor heating is still confusing, the description of products and technologies is confusing, the construction technology is confusing, the division of labor between heating body manufacturers and floor heating companies is confusing, and the market price is confusing;
5. Rational use.
Residents' use of floor heating is unreasonable, and their understanding of electric floor heating is not universal.
6. As a form of energy heating, electric energy has not been recognized by government departments, so not only is there no relevant supporting policy, but some clear regulations, internal control design and rules for using electric heating are still playing a leading role.
In this case, unless the developer requires electric floor heating, the designer will never take the initiative to design or recommend this heating form. Although many design institute leaders know that electric floor heating is most suitable for some buildings, they rarely let their HVAC designers take the initiative to design.
7. Pay attention to seven problems to make floor heating safer.
1). Try to use marble, floor tiles or floors.
The wood floor has good thermal stability and low moisture content, and the floor is not easy to deform after heating; The floor size should be thin but not thick, narrow but not wide to meet the requirements of deformation resistance and conductivity; The mat under the floor should not be too thick, and it should be conducive to heat and conduction.
Be sure to choose the floor with less harmful substances such as formaldehyde to avoid the floor from releasing more pollutants due to baking, which is harmful to health.
2) Try not to do large-scale decoration (such as carpet) on the floor.
Restless legless furniture can avoid reducing the effective heat dissipation area and weaken the thermal effect caused by hot air flow.
3). Ordinary foamed plastic products are not placed on the floor.
Because of the poor thermal conductivity of these articles, it is easy to cause heat accumulation, and it is easy to produce harmful gases under the action of long-term high temperature, which is harmful to the health of residents.
4). Turn on the floor heating system and slowly heat up.
Don't be too hasty. It's best to raise the temperature by about 1℃ within one hour.
Keep the floor clean and dry before heating to prevent the floor from cracking and twisting due to excessive heating.
5). Don't knock against the ground or put any sharp objects on the ground.
The floor heating pipe laid under the ground is only about 3-4cm away from the floor, so it is easy to hurt the floor heating pipe if you are not careful.
6). After the floor is paved, it is best to do environmental protection acceptance.
Because the floor used as a floor heating system is a composite floor, there is a problem of formaldehyde release, and when used as a geothermal floor, it will aggravate formaldehyde release after heating.
Therefore, after the geothermal heating floor is laid, environmental protection acceptance must be carried out to ensure that the release of free formaldehyde reaches the standard.
You can't buy cheap goods that are not environmentally friendly at high prices, otherwise there will be endless troubles!
7). Choose professional brands and products with excellent performance.
Choose a professional and powerful formal company, and don't covet cheap to find small manufacturers and mobile vendors.
The floor heating industry is known as "three-point product and seven-point installation". Floor heating is a systematic project. From scheme design, product selection, construction and installation to after-sales service, it needs professional design and production. If something goes wrong in a certain link, it will be very difficult to maintain, and the project will be arduous and complicated, which will even affect the normal use of the whole heating system or greatly reduce the service life of the whole system. Not only that, but also the foreshadowing will be laid later.
Comprehensively promote the development of electric heating.
First, the comfort is superior, and the temperature control in each room is accurate (one temperature control in each room).
The second is the controllability of the system to meet the individual needs (smarter control, including the combination with smart home in the future, leads to the new trend of heating)
Third, it has long service life, no maintenance, and is safer and more reliable than water heating.
Fourth, it is the cost advantage of investment and use (which will become more and more obvious).
5. Low operating costs:
In general radiator heating mode 15-20 years, pipes and some radiators need to be replaced, while floor radiant heating only needs to clean the filter regularly, and the operating cost is only the power consumption of the system micro-pump, so the maintenance and operation cost is extremely low.