Suitable for the crowd: Due to the influence of traditional culture, more elderly people in China still choose to live at home for the aged, especially the very old and those who have certain prejudice or concerns about nursing homes and nursing homes for the aged.
Community support for the aged is a new mode of providing for the aged, which combines family life with socialized door-to-door service. This model can ensure that the elderly, children, old-age service personnel and the government are in their proper places and make full use of resources. Community home-based care for the aged makes up for the shortage of family care for the aged, and it is a new mode of care for the aged advocated by the government.
Suitable for people: empty nesters whose children are too busy to take care of and don't want to leave home. Details >>
Institutional pension includes nursing homes and pension apartments. Older people who like to live in groups, especially those who are lonely, live in nursing homes, or form large-scale elderly communities to organize a large number of elderly people to come and live voluntarily. The community provides various specialized services for the elderly. Institutional pension will be the main way to provide for the aged in the future.
Suitable for the crowd: single elderly people who like to be busy. Details >>
The new old-age care model combines medical care with old-age care security, and effectively combines modern medical service technology with the old-age care security model, realizing the innovation of the old-age care security model of "treating diseases and recuperating without diseases", taking into account the old-age care needs and medical needs of the elderly, and meeting the basic living needs of the modern elderly.
Suitable for the crowd: it is especially suitable for the disabled and semi-disabled elderly who can't get good care under the traditional old-age care model, such as patients with serious illness, chronic disease recovery and easy recurrence. Details >>
Now some old people are migratory birds. They buy houses in Qingdao, Harbin, Hangzhou, Haikou, Kunming and other scenic spots, and provide sightseeing pension all the year round.
Suitable for the crowd: the elderly who are healthy after retirement, have good economic conditions, are handy in legs and feet, and are willing to visit the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. Details >>
Internet pension "Internet plus home care" is actually the integration of Internet and traditional home care services, but it is not a simple addition. The integration of industrialization and modernization refers to the use of Internet information technology to provide comprehensive, fast, flexible and low-cost home care services for the elderly.
Suitable for the crowd: the urban elderly with better economic conditions. Details >>
The fresh air, superior ecological environment and low cost of living in rural areas have attracted many retired people to provide for their old age. Some old people in the city were originally from the countryside, and returned to their hometown after retirement; Some elderly people have low incomes, feel that living in cities is expensive, and want to live in rural areas. Some old people like to be close to nature, planting grass and flowers all day long, climbing mountains and swimming, and being with nature all day long is also a great pleasure in life, thus giving birth to the rural pension model.
Suitable for the crowd: elderly people who have good self-care ability and like rural life, but have average economic conditions.
Providing for the aged with housing is a way of providing for the aged by mortgaging or renting the house with its own property rights to the elderly, so as to get a certain amount of pension regularly or accept the service of the apartment for the elderly. Through a certain financial mechanism or non-financial mechanism, the value contained in the house, especially the great value that the house will retain after a person's death, will be realized before a person's death and used for providing for the elderly. Housing for the elderly has received great attention from the society.
Suitable for the crowd: for the elderly who have a house on hand, have no children or are unwilling to leave their property to their children.
9037 Pension Model The government proposes to establish a "9037" pension service system based on home, relying on community and supporting by institutions (that is, 90% of the elderly care for the elderly through home care with the assistance of social services, 7% of the elderly care for the elderly through purchasing community care services, and 3% of the elderly live in pension service institutions). Among them, the home care service market is the focus, paying special attention to the convenience and intelligence of home care services.
Unique foreign pension model: American pension model (1)ccrc pension model.
CCRC originated from the organization founded by the American church and has a history of 100 years. CCRC is a compound community for the elderly. By providing living facilities and services that integrate self-care, mediation and assistance for the elderly, the elderly can continue to live in a familiar environment and get nursing services corresponding to their physical conditions when their health status and self-care ability change.
Suitable for the crowd: elderly people with good family economic conditions who like group life.
(2) Tourism &; Go to the market
In the United States, because of high economic income, the elderly go to travel after retirement. And regard it as a way of leisure, a health care prescription that will make you "not old" forever. In addition, "going to the market" is also a new fashion for the old people. In the market, you can not only buy fresh fruits and vegetables, but also "chat with god" when you meet old acquaintances.
Community activities of German pension model &; travel
Germans' spare-time life is rich and colorful, and there are numerous community activities. Old people are often the backbone because they have a lot of time after retirement. Club activities bring people with the same hobbies together so that they can exercise and exchange experiences with each other. Vacation and visiting relatives and friends are a great pleasure in the life of the elderly in Germany. There are many holiday programs for the elderly all year round.
French pension mode tourism &; Walk into the village for the aged
French old people like to travel around and enjoy life. The French government specially designed the "village for the elderly". Various cultural and recreational activities, such as bridge, dancing, concerts, forest picnics and water gymnastics, have become spiritual food for the old people.
Japanese pension model & community activities; "working"
In addition to daily health care activities and recreational life, most Japanese elderly people often participate in community activities and keep in touch with social groups.
And old people at work. For example, there is a restaurant called "Shangdai School", where all the "migrant workers" are old people. They all make buckwheat noodles by hand, using local buckwheat noodles, and customers have praised the delicious buckwheat noodles, so the restaurant is very popular.
Singapore's pension model Singapore is a successful country in implementing the housing-based pension model. Retirees pay housing mortgage loans to financial institutions and get cash income from them every month. Retirees still live in their own houses. However, the overall proportion of this model is very low, and it is only an alternative way of providing for the aged.
Rural pension mode: raising children to prevent old age, family pension or rural pension?
Since ancient times, maternity has assumed some insurance functions. Adopting a child to support the elderly is a natural insurance for every family and a "long-term investment" for each family's economic surplus. Although the current laws are more and more advocating natural persons and trying to weaken or even break the intergenerational relationship of families, it is inevitable that the custom of raising children to prevent old age is still deeply rooted in the bone marrow of everyone in China.
Who depends on rural old-age care? Mainly by children and relatives. The old couple can't move if they are capable. It is still the most important way of providing for the aged in rural areas in the future.
Supporting the elderly is an obligation stipulated by law.
Pensions and government subsidies, but you can't count on it.
Although the elderly in rural areas also have a pension every year, it is about 80 yuan a month. The government's pension policy is the foundation and plays a limited role in the process of farmers' pension. This money can only guarantee the most basic life of farmers, but not the comfort of the elderly in rural areas.
Even if the pension rises again in the future, every old man should have a clear understanding of this positioning and cannot put his treasure on the government's inclusive pension policy.
Pingluo County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region began to explore "providing for the aged with land" from 20 13. The specific way is to buy the management right of contracted land and the right to use the homestead from the elderly farmers at the market price. Homestead and its houses are generally priced at 90,000 yuan, and the contracted land is 9,000 yuan per mu. Farmers use the proceeds to enter nursing homes. In addition to Ningxia, many places in the country are experimenting with "providing for the elderly with land", such as Hebei, Zhejiang, Shandong and other places, and the practice is similar.
There is a policy that allows farmers to provide housing and land for the elderly, which is of course the progress of the policy. In the pilot area, real estate can generally be priced at100,000 yuan. For the rural elderly, if the requirements are not high, this 10 million yuan can still last for several years.
Rural collective equity transfer The reform of rural collective property rights is under way, and each village has millions of collective assets on average. These assets should be distributed equally to village collective members, especially in the eastern coastal rural areas. The total amount of collective assets is considerable, and there are still many dividends every year. At the same time, this part of equity can be traded in the future.
Through the rural collective assets of each farmer's headline, it is also a way to support farmers' pension.
Other modes of providing for the aged (1) provide for the aged in different places.
In view of the huge differences in housing prices, living costs and ecological environment in different regions, they moved out of big cities with high living costs and poor living environment and moved to towns with superior ecological environment and low living costs for the elderly.
Suitable for the crowd: the elderly who are not well-off but like to travel, travel and provide for the elderly.
(2) Selling a house and staying in a geriatric hospital
The old people sell their houses to the outside world and use the money to live in a better nursing home, which can not only save social resources, but also add a lot of fun to the old-age life. Sending part of the house sales to life insurance companies for endowment insurance can ensure their worry-free life in their later years.
Suitable for the crowd: elderly people who have real estate but don't want to live with their children and like to be busy.
(3) Sale and leaseback
People will sell their houses with full property rights first, and then achieve the purpose of providing for the elderly with houses through the way of "selling and leaseback". Not only can you get a large sum of money for the old-age life, but you can also maintain the long-term or even lifelong right to use the house or even the original house in your later years, and you can live in a house as usual, which increases the insurance coefficient for the elderly to better support the elderly.
Suitable for the crowd: elderly people who are unwilling to leave home and invest cautiously.
(4) renting a house for the elderly
People rent out houses with full property rights first, and then live in other apartments or nursing homes to achieve the purpose of providing for the elderly with houses. It not only ensures that he has a house to live as usual in his later years, but also obtains a sustained and stable rental income for the elderly, and also ensures that his original house can still be left to his children as usual after his death, which is in line with the traditional custom of China people to raise their children to prevent their old age and inherit their inheritance.
Suitable for people: the elderly who own more than 1 set of houses or have a large housing area.
(5) Basic pension
In areas with superior ecological environment, convenient transportation and relatively underdeveloped economy around big cities, large-scale pension bases will be built, and the elderly in cities will be moved to live voluntarily, and the base pension will be implemented. This practice can not only greatly improve the taste and quality of life of the elderly, but also relatively save the expenses of the elderly. After the elderly live in the old-age base, they can also revitalize the value of idle housing that originally lived in the city by renting or selling.
Suitable for the crowd: elderly people who have certain economic strength and like to be close to nature, but don't want to be too far away from home.
(6) changing a large room into a small room
After retirement, the old people will sell the big house they used to live in, then buy a small house suitable for living, and use the difference between selling and buying houses to invest in the stock market or bonds, which can provide more powerful protection for the old people. Old people can also apply for differential pension annuity life insurance, withdraw cash for the elderly every year, and wait until a small house is used as a way of providing for the elderly in a certain year, and continue to receive cash inflows for the elderly. Or sell this small house and go to a nursing home for the elderly.
Suitable for the crowd: the elderly living in the city center.
(7) Common pension
Some elderly people can negotiate to sell their houses, put their money together, make a special combination of the problem of providing for the aged, and jointly buy a house with larger area and better functions in a better location, so that everyone can live together and cooperate to buy a house to form a life of providing for the aged with the same living expenses. The living cost of the elderly has also been greatly reduced, and the sense of loneliness and emptiness has also been eliminated.
Suitable for the crowd: a group of like-minded elderly people with low income and poor housing environment.
(8) Centralized pension
In the rural areas of Zhejiang, the old-age care institutions are organized by villages and towns, and the "three noes" elderly people in the village are moderately concentrated to live and support the elderly, and the government pays the bill. This move solved many problems of the rural elderly and was well received.
Suitable for people: rural elderly people without children, fixed income and support obligations.
(nine) the sale of home care housing.
Many families in the United States have a distinct transaction behavior of selling houses for the elderly within the family. Parents sell their own houses to their children in exchange for pensions. This is the maintenance and inheritance relationship between parents and children, which is clearly marked and exchanged in the form of money. For children who are unwilling to support their parents and only like to inherit property, it is a great blow.
Suitable for the crowd: the elderly who are easy to accept new ideas.
(10) Hourly care for the elderly
In the residential community, one or two nurseries or activity rooms are held for the elderly like kindergartens, providing food, entertainment, books and so on. For the old people, the children feel comfortable when they are served here during the day.
Suitable for the crowd: the elderly living in the community.
(1 1) traditional support
The old man and his relatives and friends agreed that the other party would be responsible for supporting the elderly and bequeath the house to the other party after his death. This is a mode of "bequest and support" which has been widely circulated by China civil society for thousands of years and is still recognized by national laws. As the originator of "you give me a house, I support the elderly", it has a long history.
Suitable for the crowd: elderly people who have no children and want to live with familiar people.
(12) Renting a house for the aged
Old people attract young college students to be tenants at home, sweeping away the boredom of the past, having more people around to take care of them, and considerable rent as a supplement to living expenses; For young college students, it is also helpful to solve the problems of housing and emotional destination; Urban housing resources have also been well utilized, greatly alleviating the housing shortage, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone.
Suitable for the crowd: the elderly who are lonely in the city.
(13) Small family pension
Use your own house to decorate a place suitable for the elderly to live in, generally about 10 beds, and hire maintenance personnel or original family members to serve the dependents.
Suitable for people: semi-self-care, elderly people who can't take care of themselves.
(14) monetized pension
Monetized old-age care means that the relevant departments take out certain funds and distribute them to the poor elderly in the form of currency vouchers, so that the elderly can buy services in the community with vouchers, thus realizing home-based old-age care.
Suitable for people: urban poverty and lonely old people.
(15) Consumer pension
Without changing consumers' consumption habits and market operation habits, through daily consumption, the state authorized units will increase pensions through a certain proportion of consumption points.