Occupational safety and health management system is a modern international safety management model that appeared in the late 1980s. It is a systematic, procedural and scientific management system with high self-discipline and self-perfection. Its core is to require enterprises to adopt modern management mode, so that all production and business activities, including safety production management, are scientific, standardized and effective, and safety and health risks are established, thus preventing accidents and controlling occupational hazards. This is consistent with China's basic working principle of "safety first, prevention first". It is a safety production management system widely adopted by the current market economy, state-owned enterprises, especially large multinational companies, and it is highly scientific, safe and effective.
2. Benefits of enterprises implementing occupational safety and health management system
(1) can improve the safety management and comprehensive management level of enterprises and promote the standardization, standardization and modernization of enterprise management.
(2) It can reduce the economic losses and negative effects caused by industrial accidents and occupational diseases, and improve the economic benefits of enterprises.
(3) It can improve the reputation, image and cohesion of the enterprise.
(4) It can improve the safety quality, safety awareness and operation skills of employees, so that employees can consciously guard against safety and health risks in production and business activities.
(5) It can enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in domestic and foreign markets.
(6) It can create conditions for enterprises to attract investors and partners in international production and business activities.
(7) It can promote enterprise safety management to be in line with international standards and eliminate trade barriers, which is the third gateway for enterprises.
(8) By improving the level of safe production, the relationship among government, enterprises and employees (and related parties) can be improved.
The origin and development of 3.3. OSHMS
The driving force for the development of occupational safety and health management system comes from two aspects. One is external motivation: due to the progress of modern enterprise management, especially the progress of total quality control, environmental protection control and standardization, professionals believe that this idea and practice can be naturally introduced into occupational safety and health when forming and implementing ISO9000 and ISO 14000 series standards; Second, the needs of occupational safety and health work itself: First of all, due to the increasing importance of occupational safety and health work, a systematic management idea and technology are needed; Furthermore, the occupational safety and health work is developing from a relatively isolated field to a broad field involving the overall culture, management and interests of enterprises, which needs to be handled from a strategic perspective, and OSHMS provides a solution for this.
Since the mid-1990s, OSHMS was initiated by ISO (International Organization for Standardization), which attracted the attention of ILO (International Labour Organization) and WHO (World Health Organization) and made a systematic study on it. Most countries in the Netherlands, Britain, Australia and Europe have successively carried out research work in this field, and Japan, the United States and many Asian countries have also begun to study and establish their own systems. These research work focuses on: the study of occupational safety and health management system itself; The relationship between occupational safety and health management and housework; The influence of OSHMS on bilateral and international economic activities is manifested in three aspects. As a member of the ISO Council, this work has always been valued and supported by the safety production and technical supervision and management departments in China.
1997 1 month, the ISO General Assembly decided to abandon the work of ISO 18000 series standards at present, that is, not to plan and promote OSHMS in the name of the International Organization for Standardization. However, in the past two years, there are indications that all countries in the world, including the United States, have lost no time to pay more attention to the research and practice of occupational health and safety management system within their own scope, while Britain, Europe and Australia have also taken active actions; In addition, in international economic and trade cooperation, especially when other countries operate enterprises, OSHMS often becomes the cooperative basis of occupational safety and health management of enterprises.
In view of this, in 1998, the International Labour Organization entrusted IOHA (International Occupational Health Association) to conduct a comprehensive study of 24 OSHMS texts from all over the world in the University of Michigan, USA, and will launch a trial version of ILO in the near future, which will be implemented in 2002 at the latest after being tried by some voluntary countries.
Based on this delicate situation, both ISO and other countries and regions that pay little attention to OSHMS have once again injected great enthusiasm into this work. This situation, whether due to the increasing emphasis on social terms in international trade, or the need to deal with matters related to safety in production in the process of world economic integration, or as a self-protection strategy and measure, makes all countries in the world pay more attention to this work.
In addition, due to the success and development of ISO9000 and ISO 14000 series concepts and practices, on the one hand, it has promoted the progress of OSHMS work, and at the same time, it has formed a trend of unity, recognition and complementarity in specific technical activities. As an important field of service industry, there is still a lot of room for development.
4. Overview of domestic development
At the beginning of 1996, China carried out a preliminary study on the occupational safety and health management system. 65438-0998 The former Labor Protection Research Institute of the Ministry of Labor and the China Labor Protection Science and Technology Society put forward the specification and use guide of the occupational safety and health management system. On this basis, the State Economic and Trade Commission promulgated the "Trial Standards for Occupational Safety and Health Management System" and issued a notice to carry out the pilot work of occupational safety and health management system in China.
In order to promote the smooth development of occupational safety and health management system and standardize the certification of occupational safety and health management system, in July 2000, the State Economic and Trade Commission established the National Steering Committee for Occupational Safety and Health Management System Certification, the National Accreditation Committee for Occupational Safety and Health Management System Certification Institutions and the National Auditor Registration Committee, and organized forces to formulate a series of basic documents.
5.OHSAS 1800 1 Occupational Safety and Health Management Features
The purpose and focus of OHSAS system operation is the health and safety of enterprise employees and the safety of enterprise property. The occupational safety and health management system also embodies systematization, proceduralization and documentation, which is more conducive to understanding and implementation. Because it is the control of the whole process, it reflects the attention of the decision-making and top management of the enterprise and the participation of all employees. Because the system also emphasizes the concepts of interested parties (suppliers and subcontractors) and negotiation, OHSAS system becomes a radioactive organic system.
Through the understanding of harmful factors in the production process of enterprises, the evaluation of occupational safety and health risks faced by enterprises and the formulation and implementation of risk control measures, the risks in the production process of enterprises are gradually eliminated or reduced according to PDCA cycle operation, so that the health and safety of employees and the safety of enterprise property are systematically guaranteed.
OHSAS 1800 1 standard is rich in content and easy to operate, which has a strong impetus to the occupational safety and health management of enterprises. The standard 1800 1 put forward by international organizations on the basis of summarizing quality and environmental systems is more scientific and reasonable in system design and the connection and connection between system elements, especially for enterprises that have obtained ISO9000 or ISO 14000 certification, which will be easier to master when establishing OHSAS system.
6. Similarities and differences between OHSAS/KOOC-0/800/KOOC-0/occupational safety and health management system and ISO 900/KOOC-0/:2000: 2000 quality management system and ISO/KOOC-0/400/KOOC-0/environmental management system.
The biggest difference in implementing these three standards lies in their different goals:
Organize the quality management system established according to ISO900 1:2000: 2000 standard, and its goal is customers.
Organize the environmental management system established according to ISO 1400 1 standard, and its goal is the society and relevant parties.
Organize the occupational safety and health management system established according to OHSAS 1800 1 standard, with employees as the target.
Similarities in implementing the three standards:
(1) The general principles and objectives of organization and management are consistent.
(2) The three standards use the same process mode structure, which is similar for convenience.
(3) The principle of the system is PDCA (Plan-Implement-Check-Improve) cycle.
(4) It is necessary to establish a documented management system.
(5) There should be a written division of responsibilities.
(6) It is proposed to realize continuous improvement through system operation.
(7) They all promise to abide by laws, regulations and other requirements.
(8) It is suggested to conduct internal audit and management review to evaluate the effectiveness, suitability and compliance of the system operation.
(9) Control unqualified products and strengthen training and education.
(10) The top management of the organization is required to appoint a management representative to be responsible for the establishment, maintenance and implementation of the management system.
7. Three key points in writing the integrated management system document, namely, Ar O900/KOOC-0//ISO/KOOC-0/400/KOSAS/KOOC-0/800/KOOC-0/.
Generally includes four levels:
1. Management Manual (three commonly used forms)
(1) "trinity" type-compilation points
Starting with the requirements of 900 1 standard, find the comparison table of the three, and make clear which clauses can/can't correspond (special requirements); The general requirements of an integrated management system consist of corresponding clauses and special requirements.
For organizations that have never established three management systems, manuals can be written according to general requirements.
For organizations that have established a quality management system, the quality manual is the main body, supplemented and revised according to the general requirements of the standards 1400 1 and 1800 1, and the manual is compiled.
② It consists of quality manual and environmental occupational health and safety manual. The quality manual is compiled according to the requirements of 900 1 standard. The environmental and occupational health and safety manual is compared with the requirements of 1400 1 and 1800 1 to form the general requirements and prepare the "two-in-one" manual.
It consists of three independent manuals.
2. System program files (divided into three types)
① General.
This category mainly includes: document control; Record control; Unqualified control; Internal audit; Corrective/preventive measures; Training; Management review; Information exchange and communication; Monitoring and measuring devices, etc.
② partially universal.
Management of laws and regulations; Implementation of management plan; Safety and environmental management of new and expanded projects; Related party management; Emergency preparedness and response (fire management; Accident handling, etc. ).
③ specificity
Documents only applicable to quality: contract review; Design and development; Procurement control; Production and service provision; Product monitoring and measurement, etc.
Documents only applicable to the environment: identification and evaluation of environmental factors; Environmental system operation control (pollutant emission control; Energy, resource management, etc. ); Environmental monitoring and measurement and result evaluation, etc.
Documents only applicable to occupations: hazard identification, hazard evaluation and hazard control; Operation control of professional system (special operation management; Labor protection and management of protective articles; Mechanical equipment management); Safety performance measurement and monitoring, etc.
3. Operation guidance document
According to the requirements of standards and documents, organize specific business departments to prepare documents suitable for practical operation, and pay attention to the coordination and connection with system documents.
record
Including records of integrated system operation, products, environment and occupation.