for oneself
Psychological condition, pulse
First of all, a healthy mind is a lighthouse.
A healthy mind is a bright light in the journey of life. Its light penetrated smoke and dust, and penetrated solid walls and encirclement. With the guidance of this bright light, your eyes will be brighter, your heart will be clearer, and your life will be smoother and brighter.
In the past, people thought that physical health was health, but ignored the importance of mental health. With the increasing pressure from all aspects of society, people's mental health is also facing a serious crisis, so paying attention to mental health has been put on the agenda.
◆ What is mental health?
Throughout the ages, at all times and in all countries, everyone wants to be healthy and attaches importance to health. Someone once said: "There are two wishes in life: one is a happy family, and the other is a successful career." And health is the cornerstone of family happiness and career success. If the scores of both are 100, then health is the previous "1", indicating that nothing is possible without health.
The World Health Organization defines health as: "Health is a state of physical, mental and social adaptation, not just the absence of disease and weakness." In other words, the basic connotation of the concept of health should include physical health, mental health and good social adaptability. And mental health has become an indispensable part of modern health concept.
In recent years, the World Health Organization has put forward ten criteria for measuring health to measure whether a person is healthy or not.
(1) Full of energy, able to undertake daily life and heavy work calmly, without feeling too nervous and tired.
(2) Optimistic, positive, willing to take responsibility, no matter big or small, not picky.
(3) Be good at rest and have a good sleep.
(4) Strong adaptability and adaptability to various changes in the external environment.
(5) It can resist the common cold and infectious diseases.
(6) Appropriate weight, well-proportioned figure, and coordinated position of head, shoulders and arms when standing.
(7) The eyes are bright, the reaction is quick, and the eyelids are not easily inflamed.
(8) clean teeth, no dental caries, no pain; There is no bleeding in the gums.
(9) Hair is shiny. (10) Full muscles and elastic skin.
So how to accurately describe the health status? Japanese scholars put forward the "five quickness" of physical health conditions and the "three goodness" of mental health conditions.
1. The meaning of "five fast"
(1) Eat fast: When eating, you have a good appetite, don't be picky about food, eat with relish no matter what kind of diet, you can finish a meal quickly, and you are not satisfied after eating.
(2) Faster defecation: Once you have the feeling of defecation, you will defecate quickly and feel relaxed and comfortable. You feel good mentally, and you don't feel tired after defecation, which shows that your gastrointestinal function is normal.
(3) Sleep fast: I am sleepy, and I can sleep quickly and sleep well after going to bed. When I woke up, I was clear-headed and energetic. Under normal physiological conditions, you can fall asleep quickly, indicating that the excitement and inhibition of the nervous system are coordinated, and there is no interference from pathological information in the internal organs.
(4) Speak fast: the language expression should be witty, articulate, energetic, loud, clear, accurate and coherent. I don't feel tired when I talk, I don't feel tired when I want to talk, I don't feel slow and I don't confess.
(5) Walk fast: walk freely and harmoniously, walk lightly and forcefully, turn quickly and accurately, and react quickly.
2. The meaning of "three good"
(1) has a good personality. Emotional stability, gentle personality, words and deeds are recognized by everyone; Strong-willed, emotional, able to adapt to various environments quickly, without frequent oppression and impulse; Open-minded, optimistic, able to look at problems with a good attitude towards life, based on reality.
(2) Good interpersonal skills. Observing problems objectively and realistically, with good self-control ability, can adapt to complex social environment, and can maintain lasting and stable adaptability no matter how interpersonal relationships change.
(3) Good interpersonal relationship. Have a strong desire to communicate with others, be able to communicate with friends selectively, cherish friendship, respect others, treat people appropriately, be helpful, be kind to others, and be enthusiastic about interpersonal relationships.
◆ Mental health standards
Understanding and mastering the definition of mental health is of great significance for strengthening and maintaining people's health. People have mastered people's mental health standards, and based on this, they make self-diagnosis of mental health. If you find that one or several aspects of your mental state are far from the mental health standard, you can strengthen mental exercise in a targeted way to reach the level of mental health. If you find that your mental state seriously deviates from the mental health standards, you should seek medical advice in time, and make early diagnosis and treatment. Masler, a foreign scholar, believes that a mentally healthy person should have the following qualities:
(1) has an efficient perception of reality;
(2) Have spontaneous but not vulgar thoughts;
(3) Being able to accept yourself and others;
(4) the environment is independent and enjoys peace;
(5) attaching importance to philosophy and moral theory;
(6) Interested in ordinary things, even in daily work;
(7) Being able to establish deep feelings with a few people and having the spirit of helping others;
(8) Have a democratic attitude, creative ideas and a sense of humor;
(9) Can experience joy and hurt.
Domestic scholars believe that people's mental health includes the following seven aspects: normal intelligence, emotional health, sound will, coordinated behavior, complete personality, harmonious interpersonal relationship, and psychological characteristics in line with age and role characteristics.
(1) Normal intelligence. Normal intelligence is the most basic psychological condition of normal life and the primary standard of mental health. The International Classification of Diseases proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) regards mental retardation or retardation as a psychological disorder and abnormal behavior.
(2) Emotional health. Emotion is the experience of people's attitude towards things and the reflection of whether people's needs are met. Emotional health is an important indicator of mental health. People with mental health can always maintain an optimistic and confident attitude, love life and be positive; At the same time, he is good at coordinating and controlling his emotions and keeping them relatively stable.
(3) Voice will. A healthy will has the following characteristics: clear and reasonable purpose and high consciousness; Good at analyzing the situation and being decisive; Strong will, perseverance and strong psychological endurance; Good self-control, not only has the firmness of realistic goals, but also can restrain the desire, motivation, emotion and behavior that interfere with the realization of goals, and does not indulge willfulness.
(4) Behavior coordination. Mentally healthy people can effectively deal with the relationship with the surrounding reality, have a clear understanding of the current social situation, keep up with the development of the times in concepts, motives and behaviors, conform to social norms and requirements in words and deeds, be responsible for their own actions, and adjust themselves in time when their wishes contradict social requirements.
(5) Personality integrity. Psychological personality refers to the sum of individual's relatively stable psychological characteristics. The main signs of personality integrity are: the complete unity of all elements of personality structure; We should have a correct self-awareness, take positive and enterprising beliefs and outlook on life as the core of personality, and unify our needs, wishes, goals and behaviors as the center.
(6) Harmonious interpersonal relationship. Interpersonal relationship is a mutual psychological relationship established by people seeking to meet various needs in the same activity. Mentally healthy people can get along with others with a positive attitude of respect, equality, trust, friendship, tolerance and understanding, and have extensive and stable interpersonal relationships and like-minded intimate friends.
(7) Psychological characteristics are consistent with age and role characteristics. People of different ages have different psychological and behavioral characteristics. Mental health should be consistent with most peers. Otherwise, we should consider whether there are psychological unhealthy problems. In addition, the mental health of people, psychological behavior should also be related to the role, identity, and factors affecting mental health.
People's mental health is a relatively independent, athletic and complex psychological process, so the factors that affect mental health and cause mental defects, mental disorders and mental diseases are also complex and diverse. According to different functions, the factors affecting mental health can be divided into internal factors and external factors. According to the different nature, the influencing factors can be divided into biological genetic factors, psychological environmental factors and social environmental factors.
◆ Internal factors
Internal factors are inherent subjective factors of a person, including biological genetic factors and psychological state factors.
1. Biological genetic factors
Biological heritability factors can be divided into genetic factors, physical quality factors, biochemical factors and functional status factors.
(1) Genetic factors. Heredity refers to the phenomenon that parents' traits are passed on to their offspring through genetic material. Genetic material refers to genes with chromosomes as carriers. Sometimes some genetic traits of parents will not be directly displayed in the next generation, but as long as genetic material (some genes) exists in the genotype of future generations, it means inheritance.
Research shows that the incidence of similar mental illness among relatives of patients with mental illness is significantly higher than that of normal people, and the closer the blood relationship, the higher the incidence. According to the investigation of identical twins and fraternal twins under different conditions, the comorbidity rate of identical twins is higher than that of fraternal twins, while fraternal twins are higher than the general survey. Cytogenetic studies have found that chromosome aberrations, such as deletion, replication, inversion and translocation of a chromosome, can cause some psychological diseases.
(2) Physical quality factors. Physical quality includes body size, physical strength, nutritional status, health level, disease resistance, recovery or compensation ability of injury, tolerance to physical strength and energy consumption, etc. It is related to the metabolic type, endocrine system function, immune system function and genetic quality of the body, as well as the acquired life experience. In the past, external harmful factors, including infection, poisoning, trauma, difficult situation, etc., can weaken (or enhance) a certain aspect of physical fitness, form a special susceptibility (or tolerance), and can also weaken (or enhance) physical fitness in an all-round way.
(3) Biological and biochemical factors. Systemic infection, poisoning, trauma, cancer, metabolic disorder and endocrine diseases, nutritional deficiency, vascular and degenerative diseases, high temperature heatstroke and radiation injury will directly or indirectly damage the normal structure and function of the human brain and cause psychological abnormalities.
A large number of studies show that some major psychological abnormalities are often related to serious damage in the early development process. Harmful factors in the environment during pregnancy, such as radiation, drugs, viruses, fetal intracranial injury during delivery, premature delivery, fetal asphyxia, etc., may cause fetal malformation or severe developmental disorder, mental retardation, abnormal personality development and even mental disorders, some diseases and infections in early childhood, drug and gas poisoning, craniocerebral injury, etc. , it may also cause psychological abnormalities.
(4) Physical function and state factors. The functional state of the body refers to the physiological state of the body when the disease occurs, which has different meanings from the psychological and physical qualities formed by the joint action of genetic and environmental factors in the past. It is not the cause of the disease itself, but the bad functional state may induce the disease, such as physical exhaustion, lack of sleep and continuous mental tension caused by hunger, excessive fatigue, long journey and dystocia during childbirth, or the psychological functional state weakened by alcoholism and drug dependence, which may easily induce physical infection, work-related injuries and traffic accidents, resulting in psychological problems.
The functional state of immature brain development in childhood, the physiological state of obvious changes in endocrine system and psychological and physiological functions in adolescence, the functional state of hypogonadism and unstable autonomic nerve function in menopause, and the functional state of gradual decline of various physical functions and weakening of defense and compensation functions in old age have all become opportunities for some potential psychological abnormalities to begin to appear, which has become a weak link in maintaining internal stability of the whole body, that is, an inducing factor for psychological abnormalities.