English name: propane
CAS number: 74-98-6
Molecular formula: C3H8
Molecular structure: C atoms are bound by sp3 hybrid orbitals, and the molecules are nonpolar.
Molecular weight: 44. 10
Physical and chemical characteristics
Main ingredients: pure products
Colorless gas, pure and tasteless.
Melting point (℃):- 187.6
Boiling point (℃):-42. 1
Relative density (water = 1): 0.58 (-44.5℃)
Relative steam density (air = 1): 1.56.
Saturated vapor pressure (kpa): 53.32 (-55.6℃)
Combustion heat (kJ/mol): 22 17.8.
Critical temperature (℃): 96.8
Critical pressure (MPa): 4.25
Flash point (℃):- 104
Ignition temperature (℃): 450℃
Upper explosive limit% (volume/volume): 9.5
Lower explosive limit% (v/v): 2. 1.
Solubility: slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and ether.
Main uses: Used in organic synthesis. It can be used as raw material for producing ethylene and propylene or solvent for oil refining industry. The mixture of propane, butane and a small amount of ethane can be used as civil fuel after liquefaction, that is, liquefied petroleum gas.
Health hazard: this product has simple asphyxiation and anesthesia effects. Short-term exposure to 1% propane will not cause symptoms; The concentration below 10% only caused mild dizziness; When exposed to high concentrations, anesthesia and loss of consciousness may occur; Too high a concentration can lead to suffocation.
Danger of explosion: This product is flammable.
Hazard characteristics: combustible gas. When mixed with air, it can form an explosive mixture, which is in danger of burning and explosion when it meets heat sources and open flames. Contact with oxidant and react violently. Gas is heavier than air, it can spread to a considerable distance at a lower place, and it will catch fire when it meets a fire source.
Chemical properties: it is easy to form solid hydrate with water at low temperature, causing natural gas pipeline blockage. Propane reacts with excess chlorine at higher temperature to produce carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene Cl2 c = ccl2; The mixture of 1- nitropropane CH3CH2NO2, 2- nitropropane (CH3) 2ch2no2, nitroethane ch3ch2no2 and nitromethane CH3NO2 is formed by reacting with nitric acid in the gas phase. Propane can be separated from oilfield gas and cracked gas.
Chemical equation of combustion in air: C3H8+5O2 = = = 3CO2+4H20.