(1) Detailed medical history, comprehensive physical examination, various routine examinations and special examinations. Such as alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen.
② Physical examination: About 75% of cancers occur in easily found parts of the body. Therefore, a comprehensive physical examination, including observation, touching, knocking and auscultation, is very important, and a considerable number of tumors can often be found and their nature can be preliminarily judged.
③ Imaging examination: including routine X-ray fluoroscopy, radiography, various contrast films and various tomography examinations; CT, ECT, nuclear magnetic resonance examination; B-ultrasound examination, nuclear medicine examination, etc.
④ Pathological examination: exfoliative cytology and biopsy.
⑤ Endoscopy: esophagoscopy, fiberoptic gastroscopy, fiberoptic colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, cystoscopy, etc.
⑥ Radioimmunoassay: such as AFP determination, carcinoembryonic antigen detection, EB virus antibody detection, etc.
⑦ Medical laser diagnosis.
In addition, regional cancer prevention survey is also a valuable method for early detection. It is very important to find early cancer patients through general survey and improve the survival rate of cancer patients.
Pay attention to the early detection of cancer
With the progress of science and technology, various methods to prevent and treat cancer emerge one after another, but the incidence and mortality of some cancers have not decreased but increased. This is due to the lack of awareness of early cancer prevention and the limitations of routine physical examination items. For cancer, early and correct diagnosis is the key to reasonable treatment and successful treatment in the future. So, what methods can citizens use to detect early cancer? How many parts does early cancer screening include? How often do you have a physical examination? What about high-risk groups with a family history of cancer? The reporter interviewed Huang Shouqing, deputy director of the Health Examination Center of the Second People's Hospital of Fujian Province, on the related issues of early precancerous examination.
Understand the early detection of cancer
According to Director Huang, physical examination generally includes three parts: traditional examination, tumor examination and important organ examination, and the most important part of tumor examination is early cancer examination.
Tumor examination includes imaging and blood marker examination. The subjects of these two exams are different. For internal organs, it is necessary to use imaging examination, including simple methods such as eye observation and hand touch, as well as X-ray, B-ultrasound, CT and color Doppler ultrasound. In addition, the examination of blood markers is also very important, which can help to find alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) of liver cancer and tumor markers (CEA) of hollow organs such as gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract and breast. VCA-IGA is EB virus, which is the examination of gastritis. Some broad-spectrum tumor markers can be used as screening. Experts pointed out that the object of anti-cancer physical examination should be considered from the age. The "high-risk group" of cancer refers to a specific group of people who are particularly dangerous to a certain cancer. The high-risk group of lung cancer is men who have smoked 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years; The high-risk group of breast cancer is women with breast cancer in maternal relatives of the family; The high-risk group of liver cancer is hepatitis patients with persistent positive surface antigen. A large number of statistics show that most cancers occur after the age of 40. Therefore, people after the age of 40 should be more careful about their health and should also be included in the "high-risk group".
For early cancer, citizens can find it through self-examination and specific anti-cancer physical examination. High-risk groups with a family history of cancer should have more physical examinations for early detection and treatment. As soon as people reach 40 years old, they should have a professional anti-cancer physical examination at least once a year, as well as routine measures such as laboratory tests, pathology, speculum and blood markers. At present, the technical level is constantly improving, and common tumors that harm human beings can be basically detected as soon as possible through various means. Citizens who belong to "high-risk groups" should appropriately increase the number of inspections.
Early detection of cancer is imminent.
Statistics show that at present, there are about 2 million patients who die of cancer every year in China, accounting for the second cause of death of various diseases in China. Director Huang said that the public's enthusiasm for cancer prevention and treatment is not high, and the lack of knowledge about cancer prevention and treatment is an important reason. Citizens are either afraid, have no money, have money, or have no time for regular physical examination. In fact, whether they check or not, the symptoms are objective, and they may regret it by luck or carelessness.
During the interview, Director Huang mentioned one thing to the reporter: A few days ago, a comrade of the Lawyers Association came to have a physical examination, and the result of the physical examination was early bladder cancer. This kind of diseased cancer is difficult to find by routine examination, because it was found in time and is now treated well. If it is delayed for another year, cancer cells may spread to other parts.
In this regard, experts solemnly remind everyone that some patients are afraid of medical treatment and have symptoms for a long time, but some are left alone because of their own economic reasons, fearing that the test results are unbearable. Finally, when they come to see a doctor when the pain is unbearable, they have missed the best period of treatment. If cancer is diagnosed and treated early, 90% of cancer patients can be cured, and the cost of treatment will be greatly reduced. As long as we pay attention to the early symptoms and signs of cancer, check them in time, or conduct regular general surveys, most cancers can be found early. It is gratifying that both the collective physical examination paid by the unit and the individual physical examination at their own expense have shown a rapid growth momentum. The physical examination formed in China for many years focuses on cardiovascular diseases, hepatitis and diabetes, and has little to do with cancer examination. Therefore, the hospital advises individual patients to actively increase anti-cancer testing items according to their own conditions.