On Optimizing the Birth Policy
A decision to promote long-term balanced population development
(202 1 June 26th, 2008)
Population development is a major event related to the development of the Chinese nation. In order to implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, and promote the long-term balanced development of the population, we have made the following decisions on optimizing the birth policy, implementing the policy that a couple can have three children, canceling social support fees and other restrictive measures, cleaning up and abolishing relevant penalties, and supporting the implementation of positive birth support measures (hereinafter referred to as the implementation of the three-child birth policy and supporting measures).
First, fully understand the great significance of optimizing the birth policy and promoting the long-term balanced development of the population
The Party and the state have always adhered to the comprehensive decision on population and development, scientifically grasped the law of population development, and adhered to the basic national policy of family planning, which has effectively promoted economic development and social progress and laid a solid foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has attached great importance to the population issue, and made major decisions to gradually adjust and improve the birth policy and promote the long-term balanced development of the population according to the changing situation of China's population, and all the work has achieved remarkable results. At present, it is of great significance to further adapt to the new changes in the population situation and promote the new requirements of high-quality development and implement the three-child birth policy and supporting measures.
(1) It is conducive to improving the population structure and implementing the national strategy of actively responding to population aging. Aging is a global population development trend, and it is also a major challenge for the development of China. It is predicted that China's population will enter the stage of moderate aging during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period and enter the stage of severe aging around 2035, which will have a far-reaching impact on the whole economic operation field, social construction and social culture. The implementation of the three-child birth policy and supporting measures is conducive to releasing the fertility potential, slowing down the process of population aging, promoting intergenerational harmony and enhancing the overall vitality of society.
(2) It is conducive to maintaining the advantages of human resources endowment and coping with the unprecedented changes in the world. Population is the main body of social development, and it is also the key variable that affects the sustainable development of economy. The implementation of the three-child birth policy and supporting measures is conducive to maintaining a moderate population and labor scale in the future, giving full play to the basic, overall and strategic role of population factors, and providing effective human capital support and domestic demand support for high-quality development.
(3) It is conducive to smoothing the downward trend of the total fertility rate and promoting the realization of a moderate fertility level. The public's concept of fertility has generally turned to having fewer children and having more children. Economic burden, children's care and women's worries about career development have become the main factors restricting fertility. Implementing the three-child birth policy and supporting measures to promote the development of the birth policy and related economic and social policies in the same direction will help meet the fertility wishes of more families and improve the fertility level.
(4) It is conducive to consolidating the achievements of building a well-off society in an all-round way and promoting the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. In the coming period, the basic national conditions of China with a large population will not change, the carrying capacity of population and resources and environment is still in a tight balance, and the contradiction between population and development in poor areas and some ecologically fragile and resource-poor areas is still outstanding. The implementation of the three-child birth policy and supporting measures is conducive to further consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and building a well-off society in an all-round way, guiding the rational distribution of population, and promoting the coordinated and sustainable development of population and economic, social, resources and environment.
Two. Guiding ideology, main principles and objectives
(5) guiding ideology. Adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the leader of the new era, base on the new development stage, implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, implement the national strategy of actively responding to the aging population, implement the three-child birth policy and supporting measures, reform the service management system, enhance the family development ability, promote the moderate birth level, promote the long-term balanced development of the population, and provide a solid foundation and lasting impetus for building a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern country and realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation.
(6) Main principles
-people-oriented. Comply with the expectations of the people, actively and steadily promote the optimization of birth policy, promote the coordination and fairness of birth policy, meet the diverse birth needs of the people, coordinate marriage, birth, parenting and education as a whole, effectively solve the worries of the people, release the birth potential, and promote family harmony and happiness.
-take balance as the main line. Put the promotion of long-term balanced population development in the overall situation of the work of the party and the country and the overall situation of modernization, give consideration to multiple policy objectives, and make overall consideration of population quantity, quality, structure and distribution, so as to promote the coordinated and sustainable development of population, economy, society, resources and environment and promote the all-round development of people.
-Take reform as the driving force. Focusing on the prominent contradictions and problems faced by China's population development, focusing on the strategic arrangement of modernization, we will deepen reform, get rid of the restrictive factors such as ideas, policies, regulations and institutional mechanisms that affect the long-term balanced development of the population, and improve the ability and level of population governance.
-guaranteed by the rule of law. Adhere to major reforms that are well-founded and implemented according to law, transform the innovative ideas, reform achievements and practical experience of the party leading the people to solve the population problem as a whole into law for a long time, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the people, ensure the steady and far-reaching population work in the new era, and ensure the smooth realization of the strategic goal of population development.
(7) Main objectives
By 2025, the policy system of active fertility support will be basically established, the service management system will be basically complete, the service level of prenatal and postnatal care will be significantly improved, the construction of the national childcare service system will be accelerated, the cost of childbirth, parenting and education will be significantly reduced, the fertility level will be appropriately improved, the sex ratio of the birth population will become normal, the population structure will be gradually optimized, and the quality of the population will be further improved.
By 2035, the system of policies and regulations to promote long-term balanced population development will be more perfect, the service management mechanism will operate efficiently, the fertility level will be more moderate, and the population structure will be further improved. The level of prenatal and postnatal care and early childhood education services meets the needs of people's better life, the ability of family development has been significantly improved, and people's all-round development has made more obvious substantive progress.
Third, organize the implementation of the three-child birth policy.
(8) Implement the three-child birth policy according to law. Amend the Population and Family Planning Law of the People's Republic of China, advocate marriage and childbearing at the appropriate age, and implement the three-child birth policy. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) comprehensively consider the population development situation, work basis and policy implementation risks in the region, do a good job in policy convergence, and organize implementation according to law.
(nine) the abolition of social support and other restrictive measures. Cancel social support fees, clean up and abolish relevant punishment regulations. Family, school, occupation, etc. It has nothing to do with individual fertility. Properly handle the problems left over from history according to the law and regulations. In areas where the contradiction between population development and economic, social, resources and environment is more prominent, we will strengthen publicity and advocacy, promote the effective connection between the relevant policies for benefiting the people and the birth policy, and accurately do all kinds of management services.
(10) Establish and improve the population service system. Focus on "one old and one young" and establish and improve the population service system covering the whole life cycle. Strengthen the grass-roots service management system and capacity building, and enhance the function of supporting the elderly. Implement the birth registration system and do a good job in birth consultation and guidance. Promote the joint handling of "one thing for birth" such as birth medical certificate, child vaccination, household registration, medical insurance participation, and social security card application.
(eleven) to strengthen population monitoring and situation analysis. Improve the national life registration management system, improve the population monitoring system covering the whole population and the whole life cycle, and closely monitor the birth situation and population change trend. Relying on the national population basic information base and other platforms, we will integrate, share and dynamically update the basic information of population services such as education, public security, civil affairs, health and wellness, medical insurance and social security. Establish a long-term balanced population development index system and improve the population forecast and early warning system.
Fourth, improve the service level of prenatal and postnatal care.
(twelve) to protect the health of pregnant women and children. We will fully implement the five systems of maternal and infant safety, including screening and evaluation of pregnancy risk, project management of high-risk pregnant women, emergency treatment, report of maternal death cases, and interview notification. We will implement the maternal and child health protection project, speed up the standardized construction and management of maternal and child health care institutions at all levels, strengthen the rescue ability of critically ill pregnant women and newborns and the construction of pediatrics, consolidate the three-level grassroots network in counties and villages, and speed up the completion of short-board services related to childbirth. Promote the integration of reproductive health services into the whole process of women's health management. Strengthen the standardization and standardization of children's health clinics, and strengthen the screening, diagnosis and intervention of risk factors and diseases such as myopia, malnutrition and dental caries for children and adolescents. Do a good job in children's basic medical security.
(thirteen) comprehensive prevention and control of birth defects. Improve the prevention and control network of birth defects and implement three-level preventive measures. Strengthen the popularization and consultation of knowledge related to the prevention and treatment of birth defects, strengthen pre-marital health care, promote the health examination of prenatal eugenics, strengthen prenatal screening and diagnosis, and promote comprehensive management services and multidisciplinary cooperation during perinatal period, prenatal period and postpartum period. Expand the scope of neonatal disease screening and promote early screening, early diagnosis and early treatment. Do a good job in basic medical care and rehabilitation assistance for children with birth defects.
(fourteen) standardize the application of human assisted reproductive technology. Strengthen planning guidance, strict technical examination and approval, and build a balanced supply and demand and reasonable layout of human assisted reproductive technology service system. Strengthen the supervision of human assisted reproductive technology services and strictly regulate the application of related technologies. Carry out special research to improve fertility and standardize infertility diagnosis and treatment services.
Five, the development of universal care service system
(fifteen) to establish and improve the supporting policies and standards system. Incorporate infant care services into economic and social development planning, strengthen policy guidance, and guide social forces to actively participate by improving support policies such as land, housing, finance, finance and talents. Take the municipal administrative region as the unit to formulate the overall solution, establish the working mechanism, and promote the healthy development of child care services. Strengthen the training of professional talents and gradually implement the system of professional qualification access for employees according to law. Develop new formats such as intelligent nursery, and cultivate national brands such as nursery service, milk powder and dairy products industry, animation design and production.
(sixteen) vigorously develop various forms of inclusive services. Give play to the guiding and inciting role of investment in the central budget, and promote the construction of a number of convenient, affordable and quality-guaranteed child care service institutions. Support qualified employers to provide childcare services for employees. Encourage state-owned enterprises and other subjects to actively participate in the construction of universal nursery service system promoted by governments at all levels. Strengthen the construction of community child care service facilities, and improve the infant activity places and service facilities in residential communities. Formulate measures for the management of family nurseries. Support intergenerational care, family mutual assistance and other care models. Support domestic enterprises to expand child care services. Encourage and support qualified kindergartens to recruit children aged 2 to 3.
(seventeen) to strengthen comprehensive supervision. All kinds of institutions that carry out infant care services must abide by relevant national and local standards and norms, and assume the main responsibility for infant safety and health. Local governments should assume the responsibility of supervision, establish and improve the registration and filing system, information publicity system and evaluation system, strengthen dynamic management, and establish emergency mechanisms for special circumstances such as institutional closure.
Six, reduce the cost of childbirth, childcare and education.
(eighteen) improve the maternity leave and maternity insurance system. Strict implementation of maternity leave, breastfeeding leave and other systems. Support qualified places to carry out parental leave pilot projects and improve the holiday labor cost sharing mechanism. Continue to do a good job in maternity insurance to ensure maternity medical expenses and maternity allowance for female employees, do a good job in ensuring maternity medical expenses for urban and rural residents insured by medical insurance, and reduce the burden of maternity medical expenses.
(nineteen) to strengthen tax, housing and other support policies. Combined with the next revision of the personal income tax law, the study will promote the inclusion of nursing expenses for infants under 3 years old in the special additional deduction of personal income tax. When allocating public rental housing, local governments can give appropriate care to families with minor children who meet the local housing security conditions according to the number of minor children. According to the burden of raising minor children, all localities can study and formulate preferential policies for differentiated leasing and house purchase.
(twenty) to promote educational equity and the supply of high-quality educational resources. Promote the governance of supporting kindergartens in urban communities, continuously improve the coverage rate of inclusive kindergartens, appropriately extend the time in the park or provide custody services. Promote the balanced development of compulsory education and the integration of urban and rural areas, and effectively solve the problem of "school choice fever". Relying on school educational resources and taking public welfare as the principle, we will comprehensively carry out extracurricular cultural and sports activities, social practice projects and trusteeship services to promote the connection between school hours and parents' off-duty hours. Improve the quality of on-campus teaching and education evaluation, and bring the frequency and cost of students' extracurricular training into the education supervision system. Balance the burden of family and school education, and strictly regulate off-campus training.
(twenty-one) to protect the legitimate rights and interests of women in employment. Standardize the recruitment behavior of employers such as organs, enterprises and institutions, and promote women's equal employment. Implement the "Special Provisions on Labor Protection of Female Workers" and regularly carry out special inspections on the protection of maternity rights and interests of female workers. Provide re-employment training services for women whose employment is interrupted due to childbirth. Taking maternity friendliness as an important aspect of the social responsibility of employers, employers are encouraged to formulate measures that are conducive to the balance of work and family relations among employees, and flexible vacations and flexible working methods that are conducive to caring for infants and young children are determined through consultation according to law. Timely revise and improve the current policies and regulations on vacation and working hours.
Seven, strengthen the orderly convergence of policy adjustment.
(twenty-two) to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of family planning families. For the one-child families and rural family planning families who gave birth to two daughters before the adjustment of the universal two-child policy, the existing reward and assistance system and preferential policies will continue to be implemented. Explore the establishment of a nursing leave system for parents of only children. Strengthen legislation to protect the legitimate rights and interests of families who respond to the call of the party and the state to implement family planning.
(twenty-three) to establish and improve the comprehensive assistance and security system for family planning special families. According to the level of economic and social development and other factors, the standard of special assistance system is dynamically adjusted. To meet the requirements of family planning special family members, the implementation of basic pension, basic medical security related policies; Give priority to public pension institutions and provide free or low-cost nursing services; Housing difficulties, should give priority to housing security. Where conditions permit, nursing subsidies can be paid to the elderly who cannot take care of themselves and have financial difficulties for a long time in special family planning families. Implement the funds needed for assistance, explore the establishment of public welfare funds or funds where conditions permit, and focus on helping special families with family planning.
(twenty-four) to establish and improve the government-led, social organizations to participate in the support and care work mechanism. Through public bidding, support qualified social organizations to accept the entrustment of family planning special families, provide services such as life care and spiritual comfort, and handle matters such as admission to old-age care institutions and accompanying medical care according to law. Carry out the "warm heart action" in depth. Establish a system of regular visits, implement a "double-post" contact system for family planning special families, and strengthen the safety net for weaving and helping.
Eight, strengthen the organization and implementation of security.
(twenty-five) to strengthen party leadership. Party committees and governments at all levels should improve their political stance, enhance their awareness of national conditions and policies, insist that the top leaders personally take the overall responsibility, adhere to and improve the target management responsibility system, strengthen overall planning, policy coordination and work implementation, promote the introduction of positive maternity support measures, and ensure that responsibilities, measures, inputs and implementation are in place.
(twenty-six) mobilize social forces. Strengthen the coordinated governance of the government and society, and give full play to the important role of mass organizations such as trade unions, the Communist Youth League and women's federations in promoting population development, family building and fertility support. Actively play the role of family planning associations, strengthen grassroots capacity building, and do a good job in publicity and education, reproductive health consulting services, prenatal and postnatal care guidance, family planning assistance, rights protection, and family health promotion. Encourage social organizations to carry out public welfare activities such as popularizing health knowledge and infant care services. Guided by meeting the needs of the elderly and creating a healthy growth environment for infants and young children, we will carry out activities to create a vibrant city.
(twenty-seven) deepen strategic research. Facing the construction of a powerful socialist modernization country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we will continue to deepen the research on the national medium-and long-term population development strategy and regional population development planning, improve the spatial distribution of population and optimize the allocation of human resources. Strengthen the discipline and theoretical system construction of population with China characteristics in the new period, develop high-end think tanks for population research, and promote international exchanges and cooperation.
(twenty-eight) do a good job in publicity and guidance. Strengthen the interpretation of policy propaganda, unify the thoughts and actions of all departments and the whole society into the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, guide all sectors of society to correctly understand the changes in population structure, carry forward the main theme, gather positive energy, respond to social concerns in a timely and proper manner, and create a good atmosphere. Carry forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, respect the social value of childbearing, advocate marriage and childbearing at the right age, have good children, encourage couples to share the responsibility of childcare, get rid of stereotypes such as sky-high bride price, and build a new marriage and childbearing culture.
(twenty-nine) to strengthen work supervision. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall, in accordance with the requirements of this decision, formulate implementation plans, pay close attention to the implementation of tasks, promptly study and solve problems with signs and tendencies, and ensure that the optimization of birth policies has achieved positive results. Party committees and governments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall report to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the population work in their respective regions every year, and the central government will carry out supervision in due course.