1 biological factor
A large number of studies show that heredity is an important factor affecting the mental health of preschool children. The occurrence and development of developmental disorders and mental disorders in children, including infantile autism, childhood schizophrenia and childhood hyperactivity syndrome, are all related to heredity, and children with hereditary diseases are often accompanied by behavioral abnormalities.
The health status of pregnant women and their environment directly or indirectly affect the mental health of the fetus, including diseases, drugs, nutrition, emotions, alcohol and tobacco, radiation and environmental pollution. For example, iodine deficiency leads to hypothyroidism, which will make children suffer from dementia; When women smoke or smoke passively for a long time, harmful compounds such as carbon monoxide and nicotine in the smoke make the fetus anoxic, and the growth and development are hindered and deformed; X-ray radiation causes severe fetal malformation, physical and brain development retardation; The pollution of harmful elements such as mercury and lead in the environment will lead to abnormal brain development and mental retardation of the fetus.
2. Children's psychological factors
Children's motivation, self-awareness, mood and temperament all affect their mental health to varying degrees. For example, motivation is an incentive to meet personal needs and promote their activities. Demand is an individual's certain requirement and desire for survival and development. If children's needs of physiology, safety, belonging, love, respect and self-realization are not met or even lacking with their age, it will easily lead to motivation conflicts and setbacks of preschool children, which will lead to negative and unhealthy emotional state, and then affect their physical and mental health.
Children's psychological development has certain rules. For example, children's early thinking depends on perception and action. When they know external things, they look and touch, and they have no psychological presupposition for what they touch. When adults don't pay attention, touching the jack with their hands without stopping is not only a physical injury we see, but also a shadow on the child's psychology.
3. Family environment factors
Family is the primary place for preschool children to live and communicate, which can meet children's various needs. Parents' personality characteristics, education level, basic quality and parental rearing patterns will affect the healthy growth of children to varying degrees. Family education of democratic parents can make children have good psychological quality, independence and self-confidence. A laissez-faire family, lack of communication or excessive concern will lead to children's lack of independence and communication skills.
4. Social and environmental factors
Kindergarten is the first social place for children to get out of family contact. Kindergarten system and material environment, kindergarten teachers' ideas and behaviors, and interpersonal environment related to children have important influences on improving preschool children's mental health and social adaptation. For example, the tense relationship between teachers and children may cause pre-school children to have psychological problems such as depression, fear, lying and reluctance to go to kindergarten.