Summary of the lecture on diabetes health knowledge 1 With the improvement of people's material living standards, diseases such as diabetes and hypertension have quietly come and become a shadow that harms health. The popular science knowledge, diagnosis and treatment methods and daily life nursing of diabetes are getting closer and closer to our daily life. The typical symptom of diabetes is "three more and one less", that is, drinking more urine, eating more and losing weight. A considerable number of patients have no obvious symptoms, so they are unaware of diabetes for a long time, and they are not found until physical examination or other diseases, which delays the treatment time.
In order to improve people's health awareness, understand diabetes-related knowledge and advocate healthy living, our hospital gave a health lecture entitled "Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Knowledge" to the general public in Wulipu Village Committee on May 17, 20xx. Through the lectures, the related knowledge of diabetes was publicized to the masses, and the present situation of diabetic patients was particularly explained to the participants in combination with the actual situation in rural areas, and the causes of diabetes were seriously explained? It is due to insufficient insulin secretion in the body or complete loss of pancreatic function, which makes it impossible to use insulin correctly. The typical symptoms of diabetes are "polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and emaciation", referred to as "three more and one less". However, more than 50% of patients with type II diabetes have no obvious symptoms in the initial stage. In addition, there are some atypical symptoms of diabetes, such as fatigue, repeated infection, difficult wound healing, itchy skin, abnormal skin sensation in limbs, decreased vision, sexual dysfunction, etc., which need attention. In addition, it also puts forward some points that diabetic patients need to pay attention to:
First, go to the hospital for regular check-ups to determine blood sugar;
Second, insist on taking medicine without intermission;
Third, pay attention to diet in daily life and develop good eating habits;
Fourth, do more exercise to keep your metabolism smooth.
Five, change the dosage of diabetes drugs must be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, can not arbitrarily increase or decrease the dosage, in case of hypoglycemia or hyperosmotic coma, diabetic ketoacidosis.
Popularizing and mastering the knowledge of diabetes prevention and treatment through lectures on diabetes health knowledge plays an important role in early prevention and treatment. After listening to today's lecture, all diabetic patients benefited a lot. Everyone says that today's lecture is very helpful for us to prevent and treat diabetes.
In order to improve the awareness of controlling blood pressure in patients with hypertension, reduce blood pressure, and then reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases; In order to guide patients to improve their height control skills and quality of life, so as to establish a long-term and stable doctor-patient partnership with patients, the health department of our town held a mobilization ceremony for self-management team of patients with hypertension on June 16 according to the requirements of higher authorities for self-management skills training of patients with hypertension.
Summary of lectures on diabetes health knowledge 2. Definition of diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia is caused by defective insulin secretion or impaired biological function or both. Long-term hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus leads to chronic damage and dysfunction of various tissues, especially eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels and nerves.
Second, the symptoms of diabetes
The symptoms of diabetes can be summarized as "three more and one less". The so-called "three more" means "eat more, drink more and urinate more" and "one less" means "losing weight".
(1) Eat more: Due to a large loss of urine sugar, such as losing more than 500 grams of sugar every day, the body is in a state of semi-starvation, and energy deficiency needs to be supplemented, resulting in overeating and increased food intake. At the same time, because hyperglycemia stimulates insulin secretion, patients are prone to hunger, overeating and always feel inadequate. Even if they eat it five or six times a day, the staple food reaches 1 ~ 1.5 Jin, and the amount of non-staple food is obviously higher than that of normal people, which can't satisfy their appetite.
(2) Drink more: due to polyuria and excessive water loss, dehydration occurs in cells, which stimulates the thirst center and causes polydipsia and polydipsia. Increase the amount and frequency of drinking water to replenish water. The more you urinate, the more you drink, which is in direct proportion.
(3) Polyuria: The urine volume increases, with the urine volume reaching 3000 ~ 5000 ml per day and night, and the highest urine volume can reach more than 10000 ml. The frequency of urination has also increased, and it is possible to urinate 1 time in an hour or two, and some patients even reach more than 30 times every day and night. The blood sugar concentration of diabetic patients is increased, which can not be fully utilized in the body, especially glomerular filtration can not be completely reabsorbed by renal tubules, resulting in osmotic diuresis and polyuria. The higher the blood sugar, the more urine sugar is excreted, and the more urine is excreted.
(4) emaciation (weight loss): Due to insufficient insulin, the body can't make full use of glucose and accelerate the decomposition of fat and protein to supplement energy and calories. In this way, carbohydrates, fat and protein in the body are consumed in large quantities, and the patient loses weight and gains weight, and in severe cases, the weight can drop by dozens of pounds, resulting in fatigue and listlessness. Similarly, the longer the course of disease, the higher the blood sugar; The more serious the illness, the more obvious the weight loss.
Third, the common causes of diabetes
1, which is related to 1 type diabetes:
(1) autoimmune system defect: Because many autoimmune antibodies can be found in the blood of 1 diabetic patients, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD antibody) and islet cell antibody (ICA antibody). These abnormal autoantibodies will damage the insulin-secreting B cells of human islets, making them unable to secrete insulin normally.
(2) Genetic factors: At present, it is considered that genetic defect is the basis of type 1 diabetes, and this genetic defect is characterized by abnormal HLA antigen on human chromosome 6. Scientists' research shows that type I diabetes has the characteristics of family onset-if your parents have diabetes, you are more likely to have diabetes than those who have no family history.
2. Factors related to type 2 diabetes mellitus
(1) Genetic factors: Similar to 1 type diabetes, type 2 diabetes also has the characteristics of familial diseases. So it is probably related to genetic inheritance. This genetic feature is more obvious in type 2 diabetes than in 1 type diabetes. For example, one twin has 1 type diabetes, and the other has a 40% chance of suffering from this disease; But if it is type 2 diabetes, another person has a 70% chance of developing type 2 diabetes.
(2) Obesity: Obesity may be an important factor of type 2 diabetes. Genetic causes can lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Body-centered obese patients have excess fat concentrated in the abdomen, and they are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who have fat concentrated in the buttocks and thighs.
(3) Age: Age is also a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. More than half of patients with type 2 diabetes develop symptoms after the age of 55. Elderly patients are prone to diabetes, which is also related to the overweight of the elderly.
(4) Lifestyle change: Eating high-calorie food and reducing exercise will also cause diabetes. Some people think that this is also caused by obesity. Like type 2 diabetes, obesity is more common among Asian Americans and Latin American businessmen whose diet and activity habits have been "westernized".
3. Related factors of gestational diabetes mellitus.
(1) Hormone abnormality: During pregnancy, the placenta will produce a variety of hormones for fetal development and growth. These hormones are very important for the healthy growth of the fetus, but they will block the insulin action in the mother's body, thus causing diabetes. The 24th week to 28th cycle of pregnancy is the peak of these hormones, and it is also the frequent period of gestational diabetes.
(2) Genetic basis: Patients with gestational diabetes have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future (but it has nothing to do with 1 diabetes). Therefore, some people think that the genes that cause gestational diabetes and those that cause type 2 diabetes may be related to each other.
(3) Obesity: Obesity not only easily causes type 2 diabetes, but also causes gestational diabetes.
Fourth, the harm of diabetes
1, the increase of economic burden. (Long-term medication)
2. Physical injury. (leading to many complications)
3, the heart is harmful. Diabetes is a lifelong disease with symptoms of acute and chronic diseases.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) acute and chronic complications
In China, only13 patients get active treatment, while the other 2/3 patients get no formal treatment or no treatment at all. The incidence of diabetes is very high, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. However, some patients are over 80 years old and have been suffering from diabetes for more than 30 years without obvious complications. They just come to the hospital regularly to adjust their medicines. This shows that although diabetes can't be cured, its complications can be controlled and prevented. People with diabetes must fight a protracted war and overcome diabetes with knowledge. It is not terrible to have diabetes, but it is terrible to have complications. It has acute and chronic complications.
1, diabetic ketoacidosis lactic acidosis hyperosmotic syndrome (elderly) acute complications of hypoglycemia complicated with infection.
2. Chronic complications may involve multiple organs.
(1) invades the brain. : It can cause cerebral infarction.
(2) Invasion of cardiovascular system: it can cause hypertension, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. The main causes of death, disability or economic loss in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
(3) Kidney involvement: it can cause diabetic nephropathy and eventually lead to renal failure (uremia, as we all know, the kidney is the excretory organ of the human body, and once it is broken, urine will not be discharged). Only dialysis can maintain life, which is not only painful, but also costly.
(4) Eyes: It can cause glaucoma, cataracts, blurred vision and unclear vision. All patients with a course of more than 20 years have different degrees of retinopathy, which is the main cause of blindness in diabetes.
(5) Peripheral neuropathy: it can cause numbness and tingling in hands and feet, and there is a feeling that the body is covered with insects or the feet are stepping on cotton pads.
(6) Diabetic foot: rotten foot. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. Once a person loses his feet, it means that it is difficult to take care of himself in daily life. In this regard, there is no deeper understanding than the patients who have been amputated due to diabetic foot. Don't underestimate a needle eye, a small wound, and athlete's foot.