It is said that autumn diarrhea is fiercer than tigers.
So what disease is autumn diarrhea?
Can it be prevented in advance?
How do you care?
......
Today, I will talk to you about seasonal diarrhea in autumn.
We generally say that autumn diarrhea is an acute infectious disease of digestive tract caused by rotavirus, which has an acute onset, serious illness and strong infectivity. In severe cases, fatal gastroenteritis, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance may occur.
Rotavirus is a double-stranded ribonucleic acid virus, which is the most common pathogen causing diarrhea in infants. Once the virus invades the intestine, it will destroy the epithelial cells of intestinal mucosa, causing a large accumulation of intestinal fluid in the intestinal cavity and causing diarrhea.
This disease mainly occurs in infants, and its peak appears in autumn, so it is also called autumn diarrhea. Diarrhea caused by rotavirus is still one of the high-risk diseases of children under 5 years old. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, hundreds of thousands of children worldwide died of rotavirus infection, accounting for 37% of children who died of diarrhea and 5% of children under 5 years old. Generally speaking, rotavirus is self-limiting. Pay attention to supplement fluid and energy, properly apply gastrointestinal mucosal protective agent, relieve symptoms, and heal itself in 3-7 days.
Transmission route of autumn diarrhea
Rotavirus can survive for several days to weeks in drinking water and domestic water, and at least 4 hours in human hands. Because of the diverse transmission routes and strong transmission of rotavirus infection, even with safe water supply and good public health conditions, it can not effectively block its transmission among susceptible people. Transmission routes of rotavirus include:
1. faecal transmission: After direct or indirect contact with children's faeces, such as clothes, hands, contaminated food or water, the virus will be brought into the mouth;
2. Air transmission: the virus in children's feces spreads into the air and also enters the human body through the respiratory tract; Saliva and dust can also infect rotavirus.
How to prevent autumn diarrhea?
Prevention is better than cure. As the saying goes, prevention is better than cure. Improving children's immunity is the key.
1, rotavirus vaccine
Rotavirus vaccine is the most economical and effective medical means to prevent rotavirus infectious diarrhea, that is, autumn diarrhea. At present, the protection rate of live attenuated rotavirus vaccine used in China can reach 73.72%, the protection rate of severe diarrhea can reach over 90%, and the protection time is 1 year. The main target of live attenuated rotavirus vaccine is infants from 2 months to 3 years old. It is suggested that infants of this age should be vaccinated once a year. Rotavirus vaccine is an oral preparation, but be careful not to take it with hot water, and do not eat hot food or drink hot water within 30 minutes before and after taking the vaccine, so as not to affect the immune effect of the vaccine.
Note: Infants with severe malnutrition, allergies, immunodeficiency and immunotherapy are not suitable for vaccination.
Step 2 pay attention to hygiene
Rotavirus is mainly transmitted through faecal route. If the baby comes into contact with someone infected with rotavirus or something they take over, it may be infected with the virus. Therefore, to prevent autumn diarrhea, it is necessary to prevent the disease from entering the mouth.
Wash your hands frequently: wash your hands before and after meals, after going home, after playing with toys and sneezing; ?
Diligent disinfection: regularly disinfect your baby's toys, tableware, bottles, etc. ; When using the diaper table, disinfect it with alcohol wipes first.
Don't share: don't give your baby cold food, don't feed it mouth to mouth, avoid sharing food with your baby in the high season, and don't use towels. ?
3. Avoid going to crowded places?
When diarrhea occurs frequently in autumn, children should be taken to public places where few people gather, avoiding contact with infants with diarrhea, and not taking children to medical places where sick children are concentrated. ?
The main principles of autumn diarrhea treatment are to prevent and correct dehydration, adjust diet, use drugs rationally, strengthen nursing and prevent complications.
1. Diet therapy:
Eating and absorption decrease during diarrhea, and the recovery of the disease needs the support of nutrients. Therefore, we can't restrict the diet excessively, emphasize on continuing to eat, meet normal physiological needs, and supplement the consumption of diseases.
Breastfed babies should continue breastfeeding and stop adding complementary food;
The artificially fed baby can be rice soup, porridge, noodles, etc. Wait for the baby's condition to improve for about a week before resuming the normal diet.
If vomiting is serious or abdominal distension and diarrhea are obvious after meals, you can temporarily give fasting for 4~6 hours.
During diarrhea, fast greasy food; Foods containing too much crude fiber,
Such as pineapple and pepper; Allergic food, such as seafood and eggs; Cold food, such as ice cream.
In addition, viral enteritis can be secondary to lactose intolerance. At this time, starch food or lactose-free formula can be changed to relieve diarrhea and shorten the course of diarrhea. If you don't want to change the formula, you can also avoid it by adding lactase.
2. Prevent dehydration and electrolyte disorder:
The biggest harm of autumn diarrhea to the baby is dehydration. Severe dehydration will cause damage to the brain and other organs, cause growth and development obstacles, and even endanger life. There is no specific medicine for autumn diarrhea, and general anti-inflammatory drugs are ineffective.
Treatment can only supplement water and electrolytes. Therefore, in the nursing of autumn diarrhea, preventing dehydration is the key.
For babies with vomiting and diarrhea, it is necessary to replenish water and electrolytes in time to avoid dehydration.
For babies with mild to moderate dehydration (mild to moderate dehydration is characterized by dry mouth, chapped lips, oliguria, dark yellow urine, poor skin elasticity, less tears when crying, etc.). ), oral rehydration salt is the first choice, and it is best to feed it every 2-3 minutes, each time 10-20 ml, which can correct the baby's dehydration symptoms in about 3-4 hours.
If the baby is in poor spirits, vomits badly, can't eat, can't drink normally, has abdominal distension, and has decreased urine output. At the same time, it needs to be sent to the hospital immediately.
3. Pay attention to keeping your abdomen warm
Do a good job of keeping your baby's abdomen warm in autumn and winter, because your baby's abdomen is easy to catch cold, and the diarrhea baby's intestinal peristalsis is accelerated. If the abdomen catches cold again, it will accelerate intestinal peristalsis, which will aggravate diarrhea, so pay special attention to keep warm.
You can add clothes to your child appropriately, or wrap your baby's navel with a belly pocket. You can also use a hot water bottle to properly compress your baby's abdomen to help your baby rub his stomach to relieve pain.
4. Pay attention to hip care
Change diapers/diapers in time. After every diarrhea, you need to wash your baby's ass with warm water immediately, dip it in or dry it with a gentle towel, and keep it dry locally. Finally, apply buttock cream to prevent feces and urine from irritating the skin and causing the baby's red buttocks. If there is exudation or desquamation, go to the hospital and take medicine according to the doctor's advice.
5. Adjuvant therapy
During the baby's diarrhea, doing these things can help the baby shorten the course of disease and restore intestinal health faster:
A. Supplementing probiotics: When rotavirus diarrhea occurs, the baby's intestinal flora is out of balance, and oral probiotics will help the baby's intestinal flora restore the ecological balance of normal flora;
B, taking montmorillonite powder: montmorillonite powder can absorb pathogens and toxins, protect intestinal mucosa, enhance intestinal barrier function, and help shorten the course of diarrhea (more than 2 hours away from probiotics);
C. zinc supplementation: zinc plays a very important role in cell growth and immune function. WHO recommends that all children with acute diarrhea (including rotavirus diarrhea) should be supplemented with zinc. Supplementing zinc 10- 14 days can shorten the course of disease and relieve diarrhea symptoms.
D. Supplementing lactase: When the baby has autumn diarrhea, the epithelial cells in the upper part of the small intestine may be damaged, leading to the decrease of lactase activity, which eventually leads to lactose intolerance, abdominal distension and diarrhea. Appropriate supplementation of lactase can effectively shorten the course of autumn diarrhea.
Finally, parents are advised to closely observe the baby's vomiting and diarrhea, body temperature, mental state and urine volume, and carefully observe and record the baby's stool. If the baby is found to have severe vomiting, difficulty entering the water, mental depression, significantly reduced urine output or anuria, etc. It is necessary to sample the baby's stool and go to the hospital in time.