What should I pay attention to in the diet of patients with myocardial infarction?

(1) Develop good personal hygiene habits: no smoking, persistent physical exercise, no contact, moderate drinking, sleeping for seven to eight hours every day, keeping a proper weight, eating breakfast on time and not eating more snacks. ⑵ Appropriate balanced nutrition: The so-called balanced diet refers to the proper proportional relationship between nutrients in each meal or meal. A balanced diet suitable for the elderly should pay attention to the following points: the intake of protein should be slightly higher than that of young adults, and a certain amount of high-quality animal protein should be guaranteed as much as possible every day; Properly control calories to avoid obesity and prevent the occurrence of senile diseases; Pay attention to the intake of fresh vegetables and fruits. Ensure adequate vitamins, inorganic salts and plant fibers; Diet should be light, regular and quantitative to avoid overeating. ⑶ Master the dietary principles: First, reduce the total food intake and reduce the calories released by food intake, and it is appropriate to use 1200 ~ 1400 calories. Secondly, it is advisable to choose foods that are easy to digest. The diet of the elderly over 65 is similar to that of children aged five or six. Third, eat less and eat more. Don't eat too much when eating, it is best to be half full or 80% full. In addition, the diet of the elderly should be warm, cooked and soft, and it is best to avoid hard sticking and cold sticking. You can also eat some honey regularly, which has a unique nutritional effect on the body and plays a role in preventing and treating diseases and prolonging life. (4) Pay attention to the requirements of three meals: Some people think that eating breakfast every day is an important factor to prolong life, and even think that eating breakfast is equivalent to taking tonic. Therefore, it is most appropriate for the elderly to have breakfast about 30 minutes after getting up, and they can arrange breakfast as much as possible according to their own living conditions. As the saying goes, "Eat well at breakfast, eat well at lunch and eat less at dinner". Dinner should be light and less greasy. Chewing slowly while eating is good for your health. 5. Adequate sleep: One third of a person's life is spent in sleep. Sleep helps to recover fatigue, regulate various physiological functions and stabilize the balance of nervous system, which is an important link in life. Therefore, regular sleep habits with good quality and quantity will help to enhance physical fitness and prolong life. Most elderly people can't sleep after waking up in the morning, but they will feel exhausted before noon, so it is very necessary to take an adequate nap after lunch. It is best to take a nap at 1 hour or more, not too long, so as not to fall asleep at night. [6] Pay attention to daily life: the elderly have low adaptability to climate change, and seasonal changes often induce chronic diseases in the elderly. Therefore, we should pay attention to increasing or decreasing clothes to avoid cold and prevent cold air from invading. (7) Appropriate physical exercise: When people get old, their functions in all aspects of the body are weakened, and they are prone to some common chronic diseases. Engaging in proper physical exercise is very beneficial to prevent senile diseases and improve physical condition. Old people can do some qigong, unarmed exercise, jogging, playing Tai Ji Chuan and so on, which is very suitable for their health. (8) Massage prolongs life: massage regulates nerve function, enhances resistance, relaxes tendons and collaterals, and eliminates inflammation and blood stasis. Here is a recommended massage method, that is, before going to bed every night, massage yourself repeatedly with your palm from xiphoid process to lower abdomen and then from lower abdomen to xiphoid process. Light pressure is important and moderate, and it is advisable to massage back and forth fifteen to twenty times a minute. This kind of massage is helpful for digestion, hypnosis, constipation treatment and other functions, as well as promoting people's health and longevity. The diet of the elderly is not greedy for one thing, not greedy for wine: long-term drinking and drinking by the elderly will not only increase the burden on the heart, but also lead to cirrhosis. Second, not greedy for meat: the elderly have too much fat in their diet, which is easy to suffer from hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia, which is not conducive to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Third, not greedy for essence: the elderly eat refined white rice flour for a long time, and the intake of cellulose is less, which will weaken the intestinal peristalsis and make it easy to constipation. Fourth, not greedy for salt: too much sodium intake in the elderly is easy to cause hypertension, stroke, heart disease and renal failure. 5. Not greedy for sweets: Eating too much sweets in the elderly will lead to obesity and diabetes, which is not conducive to physical and mental health. Six, not greedy: the elderly should eat seven or eight points full, long-term greedy stomach, not only increased the burden of digestion and absorption of the stomach, but also induced or aggravated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and sudden death. Seven, not greedy for heat: the diet temperature of the elderly should be warm and not hot, because hot food is easy to damage the mouth, esophagus and stomach, and the digestive tract is stimulated by long-term heating, which is easy to suffer from gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. Eight, not greedy for cold: the elderly are greedy for cold food and frozen food for a long time to stimulate the digestive tract, which is easy to cause digestive tract diseases such as gastritis, diarrhea and dysentery. The physiological characteristics of the elderly are weakened visceral function, insufficient qi and blood, and decreased renal function. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to diet, and we should adopt foods and eating methods that tonify the kidney and strengthen the spleen to meet the needs of this stage. The elderly should adhere to the following dietary principles: (1) Avoid overeating. Due to the decline of digestive function, low detoxification ability and weak vascular elasticity of the elderly, many people have arteriosclerosis, especially the harm caused by overeating. Overeating will seriously destroy the diet balance of the elderly, increase the burden on the stomach, cause indigestion, and easily lead to angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. Therefore, when eating, you should chew slowly, which will not only help the digestion and absorption of food, but also avoid choking. (2) Avoid overeating among the general elderly. If they eat too much and consume more calories than the human body needs, they are prone to obesity. The old man is too fat to get sick. Because food stays in the stomach for too long, it will cause uncomfortable feeling and indigestion. At the same time, it will also hinder the activity of diaphragm, cause dyspnea, increase the burden on the heart, and may also cause symptoms such as angina pectoris. It will also increase the burden on the liver and pancreas and affect health and longevity, so the elderly must control their diet. (3) Avoid eating at will. When people get old, the functions of various tissues are declining, so is digestion and metabolism. Therefore, nutrition needs special supplements, so don't eat at will. First of all, we should control the intake of carbohydrates and eat less rice and noodles than ordinary adults; Secondly, fat is bad for the heart and liver, so we should eat less. Ordinary elderly people can meet the needs of the human body by taking 100g lean pork and 20g vegetable oil every day. In addition, protein and vitamins should be supplemented, and foods such as soybeans, milk, fish, eggs and lean meat should be eaten. Eat more iron-rich rape, tomatoes, peaches, apricots and green leafy vegetables with more vitamins and cellulose. Drink as much water as possible. Drinking too little water will increase blood viscosity, easily form thrombus, induce brain and cardiovascular diseases, and affect renal excretion function. So the old people drink at least three teapots of water every day. (4) Avoid cold food and cold drinks in hot summer. Drinking cold drinks and eating cold food in moderation will help prevent heatstroke and increase appetite. However, the gastrointestinal mucosa of the elderly has deteriorated, and the secretion of gastric acid and various digestive enzymes has gradually decreased, which makes the digestive function decline. If you eat cold drinks and food often, it will cause gastric mucosal vasoconstriction and decrease gastric juice secretion, leading to decreased appetite and indigestion. Low temperature can also cause coronary artery spasm, lead to myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, and can induce angina pectoris and arrhythmia. Therefore, it is advisable to drink more light salt water or salty drinks in summer to prevent heatstroke. Old people should eat less or no cold drinks and food according to their own situation. (5) Avoid partial eclipse The elderly often have partial eclipse because of their poor appetite, and they like to eat a certain kind of food, so they should be corrected. Because food has five flavors, partial eclipse is harmful to health. So the food should be light, greasy and salty. The variety of diet should be diversified and reasonably matched, so as to achieve the harmony of five flavors and meet the human body's demand for various nutrients. (6) avoid the taste is too heavy. The taste buds on the tongue of the elderly are partly atrophied and degenerated, and the taste nerves are also relatively dull, resulting in poor appetite. They like to eat thick soup to stimulate their appetite This is not good for the elderly with chronic diseases. The food should be light and salty. (7) eating hard. Most of the teeth of the elderly have shaken or fallen off, making it difficult to chew. Therefore, food should be cooked soft to facilitate digestion and absorption, and hard food should not be eaten. (8) The resistance of the elderly to food is low, the secretion function of digestive glands is weakened, and gastrointestinal peristalsis is weak. If the food is not fresh, it is easy to cause indigestion and intestinal infection. (9) Avoid overheated food. Because the front end of the esophagus is close to the left atrium, swallowing high-temperature food will immediately affect the heart rate and sometimes cause arrhythmia, so you can't eat too hot food. (10) Don't drink strong tea, because tea contains a lot of caffeine, which makes you excited and difficult to sleep. Tea contains a lot of tannic acid, which can combine with protein in food to form a lot of tannic acid protein, which is not easy to digest and may even cause constipation. Long-term use of strong tea will also lead to vitamin B 1 deficiency and insufficient absorption of iron. In addition, drinking tea in moderation, such as drinking more before meals, will dilute stomach acid and affect digestion. It is best to drink tea about 20 minutes after meals, which will help digestion, relieve greasy and clean the stomach. Therefore, it is best for the elderly to drink light tea. The psychological characteristics of the elderly are that their ability to feel external things and learn new things gradually declines, but the rich experience and life experience of the elderly can make up for the lack of psychological function to some extent. Attention transfer is slow and distribution is difficult. Rote memorization is worse than young people, but the memory ability after understanding has not obviously deteriorated. Imagination is limited by experience, so it is difficult to nag actively. Negative, depressed, excitable, sad, afraid, dissatisfied, etc. Emotional fragility, shrinking life and social circle, showing fear, fear, worry and even rejection of new and unfamiliar things and fields. Exercise for the elderly is good for health. A new study by American researchers shows that walking every day for the elderly can effectively prevent knee arthritis. The researchers divided 250 people over 60 into three groups. One group walked for 40 minutes three times a week. One group carried out weight-bearing hiking; The other group did not do any exercise as a control group. 18 months later, 53% of the subjects in the non-exercise group had difficulty in moving and were seriously unable to take care of themselves. They need help to go to the bathroom and get dressed. The situation in the sports group is much better. The researchers noticed that there was not much difference between the weight-bearing exercise group and the non-weight-bearing exercise group. Walking or using a walking machine every day can effectively prevent the occurrence of knee arthritis in the elderly, improve muscle elasticity and reduce pain.