The survey results are mixed.
Fortunately, the nutritional and health status of urban and rural residents in China has improved significantly. First of all, the quality of residents' diet has improved significantly. The survey shows that the energy and protein intake of urban and rural residents in China have been basically met, the consumption of animal food such as meat, poultry and eggs has increased significantly, and the proportion of high-quality protein has increased.
What is worrying is that there are still some problems worthy of attention in the nutritional and health status of Chinese residents.
The dietary structure is unreasonable. The survey shows that the urban residents' intake of poultry meat and oil is too high, and the intake of cereal food is insufficient, and the intake of micronutrients such as calcium, iron and vitamin A is insufficient, which is a common problem for urban and rural residents in China. The average prevalence rate of anemia among residents in China is 15. 2%, the most important reason is iron deficiency anemia. China is the hardest hit area of vitamin A deficiency in the world. Lack of vitamin A will affect human immunity and even affect children's life safety. Among all trace elements, calcium deficiency is the most serious in China. The survey results show that the calcium intake in urban and rural areas in China is only 39 1mg, which is equivalent to 4 1% of the recommended intake.
The prominent problem is that the prevalence of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, which are closely related to diet, nutrition and lifestyle, is rising rapidly. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is also on the rise.
There is a big problem with diet structure, eating too much oil.
The daily energy sources of human body are carbohydrates, protein and fat. When the total amount is appropriate, the three energy-supplying substances also have their proper proportions. If the proportion of a substance is too high or too low, it is harmful to the body. There are three serious problems in the dietary structure of urban residents in China: too much meat and oil, too little rice flour and miscellaneous grains, and too low milk beans.
First, livestock eat too much meat and fat. People in China love to eat pork, and the proportion of saturated fatty acids in pork is much higher than that in poultry meat. People in China like to put oil in cooking, especially vegetable oil, which is very high in calories. The daily intake of vegetable oil recommended by China Nutrition Society is 25g, while the average intake of urban and rural residents is 4 1g, among which the daily intake of vegetable oil of Beijing residents is as high as 83g.
Second, the consumption of cereals is low. The energy supply ratio of carbohydrates recommended by China Nutrition Society is 55%~65%, but according to the survey, the energy supply ratio of cereals for urban residents is only 47%, which is obviously lower than the reasonable range. In particular, the consumption of miscellaneous grains has dropped sharply, and the processing of rice flour has become more and more refined, resulting in a serious shortage of some minerals and vitamins B 1, B2 and other nutrients. In order to lose weight, many girls do not eat any staple food all day, which will affect their health.
Thirdly, the intake of milk and bean products of Chinese residents is also too low, which leads to insufficient calcium intake of urban and rural residents. In 2004, the annual per capita milk consumption of China residents was only 14 kg, while that of big cities like Beijing was only 60 kg, while the world average was about 100 kg. Americans get 52% of the total calcium intake from dairy food, while China urban residents only account for 1 1%, and rural residents only account for 2%. If China people drink a glass of milk every day, they can greatly increase their calcium intake.
It should also be pointed out that China people's vegetable intake is also insufficient. According to the survey, the daily vegetable intake of urban and rural residents is about 270 grams, which is far from the 400 grams to 500 grams recommended by the Nutrition Society.
The government should step up its intervention.
Many countries attach great importance to the intervention of national nutrition and health. According to experts, the most successful dietary intervention was Japan's legislation to promote nutritious lunches in primary and secondary schools after World War II, which greatly improved the nutrition and physical condition of Japanese teenagers. At present, Vietnam is also implementing the "heightening project" and Thailand is implementing the "milk project". Every few years, the American government will revise and promulgate a new dietary pyramid according to the national nutrition and health status to guide the public to eat healthily.
At present, the state has formulated a corresponding intervention plan for residents' diet and chronic diseases, and will gradually promote its implementation. Such as strengthening nutrition intervention, such as iodized salt and iron soy sauce. In addition, the intervention measures for chronic diseases currently carried out in some urban communities have also achieved remarkable results and are worth popularizing.
The best source of nutrition is natural food. The leading role of dietary intervention is to popularize scientific dietary guidelines in line with national conditions. China Nutrition Society's newly revised Dietary Guide for China residents advocates eight dietary principles: 1. Food is diverse, mainly cereals; 2。 Eat more vegetables, fruits and potatoes; 3。 Often eat milk, beans or their products; 4。 Eat fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat often, and eat less fat and meat oil; 5。 Food intake and physical activity should be balanced to maintain a proper weight; 6。 Light and salt-free diet; 7。 If drinking should be restricted; 8。 Eat clean, hygienic and non-perishable food.