[Teaching purpose]:
1, implement the reading of texts and the understanding of ancient Chinese words. Accumulate the basic knowledge of ancient Chinese.
2. Ask students to know the background knowledge of the author and the text, and make it clear that the interpretation of the works can not be separated from the author, environment and cultural background.
3. Ask to repeat the basic content of the text and think about the meaning of the work.
[Teaching Focus]:
1. Master ancient Chinese vocabulary and translate texts.
2. Understanding of the background knowledge of the author and the text.
[Teaching Difficulties]:
Memorization of ancient Chinese words and carding and induction of knowledge points.
[Teaching method]:
Pedagogy, questioning method.
[Curriculum]:
1 class hour
[Teaching Points]:
Read the text aloud, discuss the author's information, teach new words and summarize the ancient Chinese vocabulary (the first natural paragraph).
[Teaching process]:
Introduction (5 minutes)
Today, at the beginning of class, I invite you to listen to a folk song. You can close your eyes, enjoy the music and draw a landscape painting until the music is over. I'm going to ask my classmate to describe his feelings.
(Music "Peach Blossom Spring", about 2 minutes)
(2) ask questions. Ask 2-4 students to describe his feelings after listening to music and the pictures in his mind (about 2 minutes and 20 seconds).
⑶ Summary: As the classmates said, the Peach Blossom Garden described in the music is a fascinating place, like a beautiful dream. I believe everyone is familiar with the Peach Blossom Island written by Jin Yong, where there are beautiful scenery, exquisite terraces and pretty Huang Rong. So who first dreamed of Taoyuan? That goes back a long time. There was a scholar named Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty who recorded his dreams. This is our text "Peach Blossom Spring" today. (35 seconds)
Introduce the author and the background of the work. (10 minutes)
(1) Question: Do you know Tao Yuanming? Know the story of Tao Yuanming? What kind of person is he? (2-4 minutes)
(2) About the author Tao Yuanming, there is only a brief introduction in the book. Also known as money, cheerful personality, nickname Mr. Wu Liu. Chaisang people in Xunyang of the Eastern Jin Dynasty are also people in Jiujiang today. His great-grandfather Tao Kan was a famous soldier in the early Eastern Jin Dynasty. Posthumously presented to Fu. Grandfather Tao Maoguan is a prefect and father is an official. As the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the status of the Dao family was not as prominent as that of the famous family at that time, but it was also a large family of Xunyang. Only in Tao Yuanming's generation, because his father died at a young age, his family fortune gradually declined. But he still belongs to the gentry class. Everyone should know that the gentry at that time were relatively cattle, and they were above everything in life and mentality. Tao Yuanming became an official at the age of 29 and served as a wine offering ceremony in Jiangzhou, but he was unhappy and soon retired. Later, he served as a junior official in Zhenjun, Jianwei and other places, and lived a life of anonymity. When Tao Yuanming was forty-one, he came out to be a magistrate of Pengze County, but after more than eighty days, he left his post and left the officialdom (why did he resign? Because when he arrived in Xunyang county at 8 1 day, he sent an "e-mail", which was equivalent to the governor's official coming to inspect, and a small official told him to dress up and meet the official. He said, "How can I bow to such a small township official because of five buckets of rice?" He resigned in a rage. That's the famous story of "five buckets of rice don't fold". After Tao Yuanming resigned and returned to Li, life was still leisurely. Like his wife Zhai, he is happy and humble. "The husband plows the fields before, and the wife hoes the fields after." Besides, he has his own grange and servants in his hometown. At first, his life was calm and content. Sometimes he also takes part in some agricultural labor personally as the practice of his social outlook and philosophy of life. In this kind of working life, I am close to farmers. Later, due to the continuous disaster of farmland, houses were burned and the situation deteriorated. But he never wants to be an official again. * * * Page 4, current page 1 1234
Tao Yuanming is the spiritual home of China scholar-officials. When many scholar-officials are frustrated or tired of officialdom, they often return to Tao Yuanming to seek new life value and comfort themselves. Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Lu You and Xin Qiji. Therefore, not bowing over five buckets of rice has become a fortress in the spiritual world of China scholar-officials to protect their freedom of choosing sources. And plain nature has become a lofty artistic position in their hearts.
Tao Yuanming deserves the word "outstanding" in the history of China literature, especially in the history of China's poetry.
Generally speaking, his poems can be divided into three parts, namely, drinking poems, chanting poems and pastoral poems. The most famous is pastoral life, which created a new artistic realm of pastoral poetry and made pastoral poetry an important part of poetry after Tang and Song Dynasties. Tao's poems inherited the simplicity of Wei and Jin Dynasties and entered a more pure and familiar situation. He succeeded in elevating nature to a kind of beauty. He created a new type of beauty in the artistic conception of China's poems, a kind of diluted beauty, which is extremely mellow and unpretentious. All this is inseparable from his rich life experience. Without the experience of rural life, it is impossible to write these well-known pastoral poems, thus making Tao's pastoral poems establish an immortal position in the history of China literature. The old gentleman likes drinking, chrysanthemum and seclusion. However, his works have influenced later literati in Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Wang Wei and Meng Haoran in Tang Dynasty. They inherited and carried forward his pastoral poems, such as Su Shi in Song Dynasty and Zhu in Ming Dynasty, which were highly respected. In today's words, they worship Tao Yuanming and regard him as their idol.
Judging from the social background at that time, it was a turbulent era: the internal struggles of the imperial clan and the warlords' ambitions for the regime constantly caused bloody killings and even fierce wars. This kind of social unrest not only brings disaster to the people, but also causes serious insecurity in the upper class of society. On the other hand, in this power struggle, all despicable and bloody plots are under the guise of lofty morality. That's why Tao Yuanming has the idea of escaping from reality and finding a place to live in seclusion. The society he yearns for is a peaceful and peaceful society with self-cultivation, no competition, no hypocrisy, no mutual oppression and harm; The life he pursues is simple and sincere, indifferent to lofty ideals, entrusted with transportation, and has no external demand; His favorite living environment is also a quiet and natural country.
(In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, those poems with the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi were called "metaphysical poems", and the most important representatives were Sun Chuo and Xu Xun. However, something new and important is brewing in the metaphysical poetry of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is the bud of landscape poetry. Moreover, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry is also a branch of landscape poetry in a sense, which is also directly related to metaphysical poetry. Metaphysics is a transcendental philosophy, which emphasizes that people not only exist in society, but also that everyone, that is, every spiritual subject, is directly facing the universe. Therefore, the fundamental meaning of life lies not in worldly honor and disgrace, gain and loss, success or failure, but in spiritual transcendence and sublimation, and in a thorough grasp of worldly life. The ontology of the universe is the metaphysical Tao, and the ups and downs of the four seasons and everything are the external manifestations of the Tao. Starting from this concept, we can guide people's understanding and pursuit of nature and the concept of harmonious unity between man and nature. With the mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River, the beauty is lovely, which is full of fresh excitement for the northern literati and arouses their interest in the nature of mountains and rivers. Due to the influence of Feng Xuan, the prose of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was unknown except Tao Yuanming. But Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting is a masterpiece. )
Therefore, in this context, the Peach Blossom Garden was born. Let's read this passage.
Teaching and translation of the basic knowledge of the text (20 minutes)
(1) Play the text and recite flsh(3 minutes 15 seconds). Ask the students to mark the new words. Pay attention to the reader's sentence-breaking essentials. Be familiar with the text. * * * Page 4, current page 2 1234
(2) First paragraph translation and keyword induction.
In Taiyuan City, Shaanxi Province, Wu Lingren made a living by fishing. (In the first year of Taiyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a man in Wuling County who made a living by fishing. Note that Taiyuan is the year number, indicating the time, protagonist and occupation. )
Walk along the stream and forget the distance. One day, he rowed along the stream and forgot the distance. Edge: along. Chi: Germany)
Suddenly I met a peach blossom forest, sandwiched between hundreds of steps. Suddenly, I met a peach blossom forest, and there were a lot of growth on both sides of the stream. Note: Baibu is actually a rough quantifier, which only means estimation. )
There are no miscellaneous trees in the middle, the grass is delicious and the English is colorful. There are no other trees in the middle, the flowers are tender and beautiful, and they fall down one by one. Different meanings in ancient and modern times: delicious: bright and beautiful. Today: It tastes good. Miscellaneous: others; Colorful: various appearances. )
Fishermen are very different; If you go any further, you will want to be poor. The fisherman was surprised and went straight ahead, trying to reach the end of the forest. Very: very; Different: feel strange; One: mood auxiliary words; Answer: continue; Front: front; Desire: want; Poverty: adjective-verb completion; Its: demonstrative pronoun, this, that)
If there is no water in the forest, there will be mountains. At the end of Taolin is the birthplace of the stream, and there will be a mountain. In the end)
The mountain has a small mouth, as if there is light. There is a small hole in the mountain, which seems to be lit. As if: vaguely. )
Leave the ship and enter through the mouth. The fisherman got off the boat and got in through the hole. Give up: give up)
Only by being narrow at first can we understand people. At first, the hole was very narrow and only one person could pass through it. Ellipsis only: only)
Take a few steps and you will be suddenly enlightened. I took a few more steps, and suddenly it became open and bright. A: Go on. Suddenly enlightened: describes the appearance of suddenly becoming wide and bright from the narrow darkness. However, the emergence of ... is clear and cheerful.
The land is flat and spacious, so is the house. What is presented to him is a flat and wide land with rows of neat houses. Of course: the appearance of. Like: a neat appearance. Yan (sound)
There are fertile land, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo forests here. Genus: class. )
The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other. Fields crisscross, extending in all directions, and chickens and dogs hear each other. Architecture: the path in the field. Traffic: staggered. Today: transportation, post and telecommunications.
Some men and women dressed like strangers. People come and go in the fields, farming and working, and men and women wear the same clothes as people outside Taoyuan. It: this and that. Know: all)
The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself. Old people and children are very at ease and happy. Yellow hair: refers to the elderly. Tiao: refers to children. Parallel, the hair of ancient children. (refers to), crying (tiáo))
Pronunciation: Hu (Ⅱ) is cheerful, Yan (y n) likes to tune (qiān).
Word translation:
Edge: along.
Colorful: various appearances.
Very: very
Answer: Continue.
Desire: want
Do: finally
As if: vaguely.
Cai: Only
Suddenly enlightened: describes the appearance of suddenly becoming wide and bright from the narrow darkness.
Like: a neat appearance.
Genus: class.
Architecture: the path in the field.
Yellow hair: refers to the elderly. Tiao: refers to children. Parallel, the hair of ancient children. (Reference)
Different meanings in ancient and modern times:
Delicious: bright and beautiful. Today: It tastes good.
Traffic: staggered. Today: transportation, post and telecommunications.
Flexible use of parts of speech;
Let people pass: Use this verb to let people pass.
If you want to be poor, you will be poor in the forest.
Fishermen are very different: the conative usage of adjectives is strange to,,, and.
Before moving forward again: noun-adverbial moving forward
Polysemy:
2. Shed: Abandon the "boathouse" house and "the house looks alike" * * * Page 4, now Page 3 1234.
One: Forget the distance of the road: Yes.
Fishermen are very different: mood auxiliary words
Fertile land and beautiful pond mulberry: demonstrative pronoun, this,
Four questions (10 minutes)
(1) How did the fisherman find the Peach Blossom Garden?
(Yuanxi, I forgot the distance of the road. Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest and grabbed the shore for hundreds of steps. There are no miscellaneous trees in it. Grass is delicious and English is colorful, which makes fishermen very different. If you go any further, you will want to be poor. If there is no water in the forest, make a mountain. The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light. )
How did the fisherman get into the Peach Blossom Garden? (Give up the boat and enter from the mouth. Only by being narrow at first can we understand people. Take a few steps and you will be suddenly enlightened. )
(3) What is the first impression of Peach Blossom Garden? Find out the relevant sentences and express your feelings in your own words.
The land is flat and spacious, and so is the house. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo. The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other. Some men and women dressed like strangers. The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself. )
(4) Repeat the contents of the first paragraph. (Optional, used when free)
5) Test the mastery of words and ask questions. (Optional, used when free)
[blackboard writing]:
Open-minded (hu) but cheerful (y m \u n) but anxious (ti ao) and strange (qiān).
One: Forget the distance of the road: Yes.
Fishermen are very different: mood auxiliary words
Fertile land and beautiful pond mulberry: demonstrative pronoun, this,
Different meanings in ancient and modern times:
Delicious: bright and beautiful. Today: It tastes good.
Traffic: staggered. Today: transportation, post and telecommunications.
Flexible use of parts of speech;
Let people pass: Use this verb to let people pass.
If you want to be poor, you will be poor in the forest.
Fishermen are very different: the conative usage of adjectives is strange to,,, and.
Before moving forward again: noun-adverbial moving forward
Fisherman's whereabouts: abandon the ship → enter from the mouth → start to be extremely narrow → only get through people → walk dozens of steps → be suddenly enlightened.
[Work]:
1. Recite paragraphs 1 and 2 of the text (check in the next class)
2, copy 5 times: Hu (II) cheerful (y n) but overlooking (tiáo) money (qiān) fragrant grass is delicious and colorful.
3. Remember all the words spoken in class (check in the next class)
Preview the next part of the text
[Teaching Postscript]:
Classical Chinese teaching is a boring thing, because the knowledge points must be mastered in the exam, so it takes up the time to explain the connotation of the work and can't avoid boredom. Introducing classical Chinese with music is the best way I can think of to attract students' attention. In fact, music and literature have the same effect. Can interpret a feeling. And this feeling is different for everyone.
For students who are formally exposed to classical Chinese for the first time, teachers should master as many background materials as possible so that students can understand and know the author. Lay a foundation for their future study. At the same time, it lays the foundation for the understanding of the text. It helps students to understand the deep meaning of the work.
Why do you want to play recitation flash? Because you want to provide students with an example of text reading. For the first contact with classical Chinese, students often don't recognize all the new words or break sentences at will, and as a result, they often lose the feeling of their works because of poor reading. Presenting the text by reciting can attract students' attention, and at the same time bring students' emotions into the text and tell them the tone of the text.
When junior two students first came into contact with classical Chinese prose, they generally knew nothing about the basic knowledge of classical Chinese. Therefore, teachers should focus on teaching and be as meticulous as possible. Help students understand the text. At the same time, we should do a good job of induction and sorting out the classical Chinese knowledge in different categories. Ask and force students to remember, constantly ask them to recall repeatedly, and do a good job in dictation and other inspections. In addition, they are required to recite and write from memory.