I. Patients and their families
Let patients know that long-term anxiety will cause psychological imbalance, lead to insomnia, affect appetite, and cause disorders of physiological function and energy metabolism. They should reasonably vent their bad emotions, put more energy into their work to cultivate their good character and personality characteristics, maintain a healthy and optimistic psychological state, and also pour out their bad emotions to relatives and friends for comfort. If the husband can always care about his wife, understand her, eliminate her worries, increase her autonomy, and the quality of sexual life will not be affected, it will obviously reduce the occurrence of psychological problems of patients.
Two. hygiene
2. 1 technology and concepts
The best way to relieve patients' psychological stress is for doctors to comprehensively analyze their illness, treat them individually and avoid overtreatment. Clinicians should master the latest progress in the field of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, and have updated concepts and superb technology. Mastering the indications of breast-conserving surgery, combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, standardized breast-conserving treatment for early breast cancer can achieve the same therapeutic effect as mastectomy. Breast-conserving surgery is minimally invasive, effective and has little psychological impact on patients; With the development of science and technology and the renewal of the concept of breast surgery, minimally invasive axillary treatment has been carried out. Minimally invasive axillary surgery, represented by sentinel lymph node biopsy instead of axillary dissection, has been carried out in many large hospitals in China, which has obviously reduced the postoperative discomfort and postoperative limb swelling and pain. For patients with mild illness, infirmity and positive estrogen/progesterone receptors, endocrine therapy can avoid chemotherapy, reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and relieve the psychological pressure of patients.
2.2 Love and sense of responsibility
The advantage of doctors and nurses is to master the patient's condition and be trusted by the patient. Psychological intervention is easy to get results. Moreover, most patients also regard medical staff as the main target of help. Therefore, medical staff should have a high degree of sympathy and responsibility, positive and sincere attitude, approach patients kindly and consciously, persuade and encourage them, and tell them that breast cancer is one of the most effective cancers, especially early breast cancer, and the cure rate can reach more than 90% in five years. Most patients can return to work after treatment. From the age structure, breast cancer patients are mostly middle-aged women, so the best starting point of psychotherapy and nursing in the treatment process is the patient's sense of responsibility for family and society, which can stimulate the patient's inner sense of responsibility and overcome the fear. In order to improve patients' self-image and self-confidence, capable patients can suggest breast reconstruction. Patients who are unwilling to have surgery can wear breast augmentation. Wearing a breast augmentation device can not only keep the patient's figure beautiful, but also eliminate the symptoms of shoulder muscle pain caused by postoperative chest imbalance. Educate patients to face the change of self-image correctly and reduce their complaints about self-image in order to accept a new lifestyle.
For advanced breast cancer, the psychological burden of patients and their families is heavier, and women feel more painful about tumor recurrence than when the tumor was first diagnosed. It is usually effective to encourage patients to have religious beliefs, such as Christianity. It is also a good way to convince patients that they will go to heaven after death, gain peace of mind through prayer, and have hope for life without fear of death.
2.3 Group therapy intervention
The psychological characteristics of patients' conformity provide a good foundation for the implementation of collective psychological intervention. Group intervention can provide a platform for communication between doctors and patients and a rehabilitation environment. Help patients with cognitive reconstruction and speech reconstruction. If you educate patients regularly, you can arrange lectures on breast cancer prevention knowledge, so that patients can understand breast cancer prevention knowledge, treat diseases correctly, and give full play to their subjective initiative to overcome diseases. Arranging excellent patients to share their anti-cancer experience and talk about their current rehabilitation experience will play a positive role in motivating other patients. Arrange patient performance programs and talent shows to encourage patients to pursue and yearn for a healthy and optimistic lifestyle. You can also carry out health knowledge guidance, Chinese medicine health preservation, charity activities and so on. Patients can be organized into regular group activities, or they can visit patients who have just fallen ill. The visit of the recovered patients is more convincing to the new patients.
Let's work together to make more depressed breast cancer patients return to nature and society as soon as possible through positive psychological intervention.