Exercise in bed: wake up in the morning, don't get up in a hurry, lie still in bed for more than ten minutes, and do necessary exercise in bed; Stretch one's limbs; Rub each other with your hands and move your knuckles; Then do "dry face washing" 20~30 times. These actions can make the elderly adapt to the physiological changes from sleep to awakening, so that the body has a relatively transitional stage, so that it will not fall down because of sudden dizziness, and it can also gradually change the frequency of breathing and heartbeat to avoid the recurrence of heart disease.
prescribe a diet
1. Rice is fragrant, and the taste and appetite of old people are not good, and they often feel tasteless when eating. Back here, cooking for the elderly should pay attention to color, fragrance and taste.
2. The metabolism of the elderly with good quality is mainly catabolism, and more protein is needed to make up for the consumption of tissue protein. If you eat more chicken, fish, rabbit, mutton, beef, lean pork and bean products, protein in these foods is high-quality protein, which is rich in nutrition and easy to digest.
Research shows that overeating is harmful to health, and it is appropriate for the elderly to be full at eight or nine points for every meal, especially for dinner.
Eating more fresh vegetables is a healthy friend of the elderly. They are not only rich in vitamin C and minerals, but also contain more cellulose, which plays an important role in protecting the cardiovascular system and preventing cancer and constipation. The daily intake of vegetables should be no less than 250g.
5. Food should be mixed with protein, fat, sugar, vitamins, minerals and water, which are six essential nutrients for human body. These nutrients are widely found in various foods. In order to absorb nutrition in a balanced way and keep healthy, we should eat a variety of foods. If possible, keep about 10 kinds of main and non-staple foods every day.
6. Lai Yao is lighter. Some old people are very heavy. As we all know, eating too much salt will increase the burden on the heart and kidneys and easily lead to an increase in blood pressure. In order to be healthy, the elderly generally eat 6-8 grams of salt every day.
7. The food is rotten. The teeth of the elderly often loosen and fall off, the masticatory muscles weaken, the secretion of digestive juice and digestive enzymes decreases, and the gastrointestinal digestive function decreases. So the food should be soft and rotten.
8. Eat fruit. Fruit is rich in water-soluble vitamins and metal trace elements. These nutrients play an important role in maintaining the pH balance of body fluids. In order to keep healthy, you should eat some fruit after every meal.
9. The diet should be hot. Old people have poor resistance to cold. For example, eating cold food will lead to the contraction of blood vessels in the stomach wall, reduce blood supply, and reflexively reduce blood circulation in other viscera, which is not good for the body. Therefore, the diet of the elderly should be a little hotter, and it is appropriate to eat a lot.
10. Eat slowly. Some old people are used to eating fast food. If they don't chew it completely, they will swallow it, which will be harmful to their health over time. Chew slowly, reduce the burden on the stomach and promote digestion. In addition, chewing slowly is also easy to produce satiety, prevent overeating, and keep your shadow healthy.
Bathe the elderly in bed. 1. utensils: clean clothes and trousers, big towel, hot water, bucket, towel, soap, washbasin. 2. Method: Close the doors and windows, remove the tables and chairs, fill three-quarters pots of hot water, loosen the lid, cover the scrubbing area of the elderly with a big towel, first wipe it with a wet towel, then scrub it with a towel dipped in soap, then wipe it repeatedly with a wet towel, and finally dry it with a big towel. The sequence of scrubbing parts is as follows: (1) Untie the neckline, and wash the eyes, nose, face, ears and neck for the elderly, and pay attention to after washing the ears. (2) Take off the old man's coat (wash the healthy side first, then the affected side) and scrub the arm. Pay attention to cleaning armpits. Help the elderly lie on their side, facing the nursing staff, put the washbasin on the big towel beside the bed and wash their hands for the elderly. (3) untie the old man's belt, scrub the chest and abdomen, pay attention to the lower breast and navel, help the old man turn over and scrub the back and buttocks. (4) Take off pants and scrub legs, groin and perineum. Move the washbasin to your feet, spread a big towel on the bed, wash your feet and put on your pants. (5) Make the bed, change the sheets as needed, and clean up the used items.
Some patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hematological diseases and tumors. Patients with fractures and hemiplegia caused by stroke and brain trauma can go home for rehabilitation after being treated in the hospital for a period of time. Because most of these patients can't get up and move, they can only stay in bed, so the weight of their bodies oppresses an organization for a long time, and the skin and subcutaneous tissue there can't get the supply of arterial blood for a long time, which leads to a series of changes such as tissue ischemia, swelling, ulceration and necrosis, which is called bedsore in medicine. Therefore, for patients who stay in bed for a long time, especially the elderly, we should pay special attention to some key points.
First of all, patients should turn over frequently to reduce the pressure on local tissues; For patients who can't turn over by themselves, their families should help them turn over regularly to prevent bedsores.
Because staying in bed for too long, it will cause poor expectoration and pneumonia. Therefore, patients should constantly change their positions. Here, by the way, I would like to tell you about the positions that patients often use, including supine position, lateral position, semi-sitting position, sitting position, prone position, head low and feet high, head high and feet low, knee chest position and so on. Different postures have different functions. For patients with falling pneumonia, head down and feet up can be adopted to facilitate the drainage of lung secretions; If there are bedsores on the buttocks, you can take a prone position or a lateral position.
In addition, to keep the bed smooth and soft, the sheets dry and the skin clean, it is best to rub and bathe local tissues with warm water every day, which can improve the blood transmission of local skin. Regularly open windows indoors for ventilation to maintain proper temperature and humidity. The temperature on the bed should also be careful not to be too cold or too hot, especially to prevent the thermos from being scalded. When helping patients turn over, massage and go to the toilet in bed, be careful not to push, drag or pull, so as not to damage local skin, because skin injury is not easy to heal, and it is easy to induce bedsore.
Finally, it is necessary to ensure the supply of systemic nutrition for patients. Because this kind of long-term bedridden patients need food rich in nutrients such as protein, fat, sugar and vitamins, especially the supplement of protein is more important, because it is necessary for tissue growth and repair. It should be noted that because patients stay in bed for a long time, their activities are small and their intestinal peristalsis is reduced, which is easy to cause constipation. Therefore, while supplementing nutrition, we should pay attention to the supplement of crude fiber food.
If patients have bedsore accidentally, they should go to the hospital for dressing change treatment in time, or follow the principle of dressing change, and apply aseptic technology and various drugs to dressing change at home to promote the early recovery of bedsore.
How to do a good job in patients' daily care
Patients who stay in bed for a long time should pay attention to personal hygiene, including cleaning and nursing of mouth, skin and hair, which are described in detail below.
For patients who are seriously bedridden, good oral care has many benefits, for example, it can keep the mouth clean and moist and prevent complications such as oral ulcers and infections; It can also prevent bad breath and oral dirt, which is conducive to promoting appetite; At the same time, by nursing the oral cavity, we can observe the changes of the oral cavity and find out whether there are ulcers, bad breath and infections in time. So, how to do oral care for long-term bedridden patients? The simple way is to rinse your mouth and brush your teeth. The specific operation is: first, help the patient lie on his side, wrap a towel on his head and neck or pillow, and let the patient rinse his mouth with warm water while biting his upper and lower teeth. When gargling, let the solution fully rotate in his mouth and keep it for more than 30 seconds to be effective. After gargling, the patient wipes his teeth from left to right or from right to left with a cotton swab dipped in mouthwash, and scrubs vertically. Pay attention to the gentle action when brushing your teeth, so as not to damage the mucosa and gums. Commonly used mouthwashes are: Koutai, which is an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drug; Oral cleaner; 1%~3% hydrogen peroxide solution; 2%~3% boric acid solution; 1%~4% soda water, etc.
Helping patients who can't take care of themselves to do hair care is an important event related to whether patients can live comfortably and feel comfortable. Doing hair care well also has many benefits, such as improving blood circulation of scalp, which is conducive to the recovery of diseases; Remove the dirt and falling dander on the head, so that the patient is clean, comfortable and beautiful; It can also prevent and kill head lice. Hair care includes combing and shampooing. The way to comb your hair on the bed is to spread a dry towel on the pillow to help the patient turn his head to one side and comb it slowly from the hair root. If the hair is tangled, you can soak it in 50% alcohol and comb it carefully, usually once a day. Patients who stay in bed for a long time should wash their hair at least once a week 1 time. The method of washing hair in bed can be adapted to local conditions, and some simple and easy methods can be used to drain the water from washing hair so as not to wet the clothes and bedding of patients. Usually a small blanket is rolled into a horseshoe pad, which can be placed under the neck and placed in the groove when washing your hair. Pay attention to the changes of the patient's complexion, pulse and breathing when washing his hair. If you find anything unusual, stop washing your hair immediately. For patients who are exhausted and dying, it is generally best not to wash their hair in bed.
It is also very necessary to carry out skin care for patients who have been in bed for a long time. Bathing can clean patients' skin, promote blood circulation, enhance skin excretion function, prevent skin infection and bedsore, and observe patients' general situation. Generally speaking, patients in good condition can take a bath; Patients who can't stand for long should take a bath. For those patients who are seriously ill and can't take care of themselves, they need the help of their families to scrub and put on clean clothes and pants after scrubbing.
I can only help you so much. I don't know if it's my brother, sister or uncle and aunt. Anyway, I still pay tribute to you. You are so filial ~ Hehe, I checked some for you, and finally summed up these points and thought they should be suitable for you to see ... I don't know if you are satisfied or not ~ Hehe, I don't know much about it.
If you don't understand, look it up yourself.