Common first aid methods for burns What should I do when myself or others are burned or scalded?
1. Take off clothes that are on fire or soaked in hot water as soon as possible. If it is too late, you should lie down quickly and roll slowly to put out the fire. If there is cold water, immediately immerse the injured part in water to reduce the local temperature. Don't shout or beat the flame with your hands while running, so as not to promote burning or cause burns on your head, face, respiratory tract and hands.
2. In order to prevent the injured part from being damaged again, the clothes, pants, shoes and socks at the injured part should be cut off and not peeled off.
3. After removing the heat source, less serious limb burns can be soaked in cold water or ice water. This method can reduce the injury and pain, and the effect is good.
4. If the injured area is large, you should be sent to the hospital immediately. Attention should be paid to avoid infection of the injured part during transshipment, and the injured part can be simply wrapped with clean sheets and clothes to avoid oppression. For patients with respiratory tract burns or coma, special attention should be paid to keeping the respiratory tract unobstructed, and oxygen can be given if conditions permit. Pay attention to cold and dust prevention during transportation and prevent bumping. Not too fast.
5. Because children's burns and scalds are the most common items that are easy to cause burns, such as hot water bottles, stoves, boiling water, boiling soup, etc. Keep it out of children's reach, and educate children not to play with fire or inflammable and explosive materials to avoid burns.
How to do skin scald?
When scalded by boiling water, hot soup, hot oil, steam, etc. Flushing pain on skin and limbs, blistering on skin and limbs, exfoliation of epidermis. After scalding, the following treatment can be carried out:
(1) Immediately and carefully take off clothes, shoes and socks soaked in hydrothermal solution, spray the wound with clean cold water or immerse it in clean cold water, or apply a wet cold towel to the affected area, or apply vinegar to the scalded skin.
(2) Try not to scratch blisters or epidermis to avoid bacterial infection. In order to prevent blisters on the scald, you can wash and smear the affected area with vinegar, or wipe the affected area with egg white. If the blister has been scraped, you can cover the wound with sterile gauze and then send it to the hospital for treatment.
(3) Mild burns or small burns can be coated with egg butter (the method of egg butter is: take 1 egg, remove the egg white, fry the yolk in a pot until it is burnt, and finally slowly boil out the egg butter, and use it after the egg butter is cooled). You can also use raw rhubarb (parched) to grind into fine powder, adjust it into egg white and apply it to the affected area.
First-aid methods for chemical burns
1, high temperature slag burn treatment and rescue scheme
(1) immediately rescue the wounded from the burn site.
(2) Quickly put out the burnt clothes, shoes and hats, and take off the burnt clothes.
(3) Immediately rinse the wound with plenty of tap water for 3-5 minutes. When ashes enter the entrance and nasal cavity, rinse your mouth immediately and clean it. If there is mineral ash in your eyes, you can dip it with a cotton swab of vegetable oil or paraffin oil to remove particles.
(4) If the injured need to be sent to the hospital for treatment, they should be escorted by special personnel immediately, and the wound should be covered with clean cloth to prevent accidents on the way.
2. Strong acid
Strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia (hydrochloric acid and nitric acid). Carbonic acid, etc. When it hurts the skin, it causes different injuries due to its concentration, liquid volume, area and other factors. When the acid touches the skin, it will immediately cause the coagulation of tissue protein, dehydrate the tissue and form a thick scab. The formation of thick scab can prevent acid from penetrating into deep tissue and reduce injury, which is very beneficial to the health of the wounded. If the on-site treatment is timely, it will generally not cause deep burns. More importantly, pay attention to your eyes,
Burn with hydrochloric acid and carbolic acid, the wound is white or grayish yellow; The sulfuric acid wound is brown; The carbonic acid wound is yellow.
If the burn is soaked through clothes, it should be taken off immediately, and the injured face should be washed repeatedly with plenty of water quickly. After sufficient washing, it can also be washed with weak alkaline liquid, which is a neutralizer such as baking soda water (sodium bicarbonate) and soapy water. Carbonate burns are neutralized with alcohol. Nitric acid burn is neutralized with right rope solution, and the effect is better. But if there is no neutralizer, there is no need to force it, because full washing is the most fundamental measure.
On-site treatment scheme of sulfuric acid burn
(1) Remove the wounded from the scene of the accident immediately, and remove the acid as soon as possible.
(2) Emergency treatment of general burns: First, rinse with plenty of water continuously, quickly remove clothes and shoes stained with sulfuric acid, and rinse directly until the traces of sulfuric acid disappear. No matter which part, you can only wash it with plenty of water, and you can't neutralize sulfuric acid with weak alkaline solution to prevent further burns. If the burn is too heavy and extensive, it may cause critical diseases such as accelerated pulse, night sweats and collapse. At this time, the patient must lie on his back (supine) to keep warm to prevent other diseases, and be sent to the hospital for treatment quickly.
(3) For the treatment of sulfuric acid splashing into eyes, regardless of the concentration and quantity of sulfuric acid splashed into eyes, a large amount of running water (no pressure) must be used, and the eyelids should be continuously rinsed for 15 minutes with the eyelids open or closed, and all parts of eyelids and eyeballs should be carefully rinsed with water, and immediately sent to the hospital after rinsing.
(4) Treatment when inhaling sulfuric acid vapor: When inhaling a large amount of acid mist or vapor generated by fuming sulfuric acid or high-temperature sulfuric acid, leave the contaminated site immediately. If he is in a coma and has difficulty breathing, he should be put on his back immediately and sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.
(5) Treatment when drinking sulfuric acid: Even drinking dilute sulfuric acid will cause burns to the mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach. If you drink dilute sulfuric acid, you can try to make it vomit, and then drink more water to relieve it slowly. If you drink concentrated sulfuric acid, don't let the patient spit it out. Rinse your mouth with plenty of water immediately, let him drink plenty of water until he is full, then try to make him spit it out, drink more water and send it to the hospital as soon as possible.
3. Strong alkali
Strong alkali such as caustic alkali (potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide), lime, etc. Strong alkali is more destructive to tissues than strong acid. Because of its strong permeability, it goes deep into the tissue to dehydrate cells, dissolve tissue proteins, form strong alkaline protein compounds, and deepen the wound surface.
If the alkaline solution penetrates into clothes and causes burns, you should immediately take off the contaminated clothes and thoroughly clean the injured part with plenty of water.
After thorough cleaning, dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute acetic acid (or vinegar) can be used as neutralizers. Then neutralize with sodium bicarbonate solution or alkaline soapy water. According to the situation, ask the doctor to take other measures.