The most basic method of psychological evaluation. Now more and more people have psychological problems because of their study and work. Many schools also offer psychology classes to guide children to grow up healthily. Let me show you the most basic psychological evaluation methods.
The most basic method of psychological evaluation 1 standardized test
Standardized testing is a systematic, scientific and standardized testing and evaluation process. The main psychological tests are intelligence test and personality test.
Intelligence test: Wu's revised China Binet.Alfred test, revised Raven's standard reasoning test, Lin Chuanding and revised wechsler adult intelligence scale.
Personality test:
1, objective tests: Eysenck personality questionnaire, Minnesota multiple personality questionnaire, 16 personality factor questionnaire.
2. Projection test: Rorschach ink test, subjective apperception test, house tree test and sentence completion test.
Evaluation scale
By observing the method of determining the score of a person's certain behavior or trait, the standardized procedure used to express the evaluation result is called evaluation scale. Main rating scales: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by American Psychiatric Association, Guidance Manual of International Classification of Diseases published by International Health Organization, Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders in China and Manual of Mental Health Rating Scale developed by China.
Behavior observation
Observation is a common means to obtain information in psychological counseling. There are two methods of observation: one is to organize the observation contents and procedures according to the observation purpose and the observer's experience; The other is to observe with a set of uniform procedures according to the purpose. Observation can be carried out under natural conditions or in a controlled environment.
Clinical interview
Clinical interview is a two-way face-to-face interaction between the counselor and the visitor, which evaluates all aspects of the psychological function of the visitor and makes relevant treatment plans. Clinical interview has always played an important role in psychological evaluation, which is very important for obtaining information, understanding and analyzing visitors' stories and establishing consultation relationship.
The most basic method of psychological evaluation 2 1, survey method.
The investigation methods include historical investigation and current situation investigation. Historical investigation mainly includes archives, documents and materials, as well as the investigation of people who know the past experience of the assessed. The current situation investigation mainly focuses on the contents related to the current problems. The respondents include the assessed himself and the "insiders" around him, such as classmates, colleagues, parents, relatives and friends, teachers, leaders, brothers and sisters, etc. The survey method can be carried out in the form of questionnaire (questionnaire) in addition to general inquiry. The advantage of investigation method is that it can combine vertical and horizontal contents, and it is extensive and comprehensive. The disadvantage is that surveys are often indirect evaluations, and the authenticity of materials is easily influenced by the subjective factors of the respondents.
2. Observation method
The observation method referred to here is a method of psychological evaluation by directly or indirectly observing or observing the behavior of the assessed (through photography and video equipment). Observation can be divided into two forms: natural observation and controlled observation. The former refers to the observation obtained according to its original way and goal in the natural situation (such as family, school, kindergarten or working environment) without the interference of observers. The latter refers to the observation in the preset situation. The advantage of observation method is that the materials are more real and objective, which is especially important for children's psychological evaluation and the evaluation of some mental disorders. The disadvantage is that the observation method only obtains explicit behavior and is not easy to repeat. The validity of the observation results also depends on the observer's insight and comprehensive analysis ability.
Step 3 talk method
The talking method is also called "talking method" and "interview method". Its basic form is a face-to-face language communication, and it is also the most commonly used basic method in psychological evaluation. The forms of conversation include freestyle conversation and structured conversation. The former's conversation is open, the atmosphere is relaxed, and the assessed is less constrained and can express himself freely. The latter set a certain structure and procedure in advance according to the specific purpose, and the conversation content is limited and the efficiency is higher. Talks are an interactive process. It is very important for evaluators to master and correctly use interview skills. Speaking skills include verbal communication and nonverbal communication (such as expression and posture). In oral communication, including listening and speaking. In nonverbal communication, we can express our thoughts and feelings of acceptance, affirmation, concern and encouragement to the assessed by smiling, nodding, staring and leaning forward, so as to promote the cooperation of the assessed, inspire and guide him (her) and lead the problem deeper.
4. Job analysis method
Job analysis is also called product analysis. The so-called "works" refer to the cultural creations made by the assessed, such as diaries, letters, pictures, handicrafts, etc. It also includes what he or she does in the process of life and labor. Through the analysis of these works (products), we can effectively evaluate their psychological level and state, and can keep them as an objective basis.
5. Psychological test method
Psychological test plays a very important role in psychological evaluation. Psychological tests can systematically evaluate some specific aspects of psychological phenomena, generally adopting the principles of standardization and quantification, and the results can be compared with the norm, avoiding the influence of some subjective factors. Psychological testing has a wide range of applications and many kinds. The contents of psychological tests involved in the medical field mainly include all aspects related to psychology in the diagnosis of organic and functional diseases, such as intelligence, personality, special abilities and symptom evaluation.