0 1
Pulmonary nodules
If pulmonary nodules appear in the physical examination report, the following points should be noted:
Size: pulmonary nodules with a diameter less than 5 mm and small nodules with a diameter of 5 ~10 mm.
Density: according to whether the shadows of blood vessels and bronchi can be observed, it can be divided into solid pulmonary nodules and sub-solid pulmonary nodules, the latter including pure ground glass nodules and some solid nodules.
Other descriptions: such as lobulation, burr, pleural depression, vascular convergence sign, etc. You need to find an expert in respiratory medicine or thoracic surgery for further examination.
In addition, whether the patient smokes, whether he has a family history of lung cancer, and whether there is bad exposure of respiratory tract in the working environment can provide basis for disease diagnosis. If the nodules increase rapidly or the solid components increase obviously during the observation, we should be highly vigilant.
02
thyroid nodule
Thyroid nodules are very common, and most of them are benign nodules. According to TIRADS, thyroid nodules of 1~3 are considered benign, so regular physical examination is enough, and the malignant risk of nodules of 4 or above is gradually increasing.
If there are descriptions such as tiny calcification, aspect ratio greater than 1, irregular boundary and low echo in the results of thyroid ultrasound examination, we should be vigilant. It is recommended to go to a breast and thyroid specialist for further evaluation. If necessary, nodules above 1 cm can be considered for definite diagnosis.
03
dyslipidemia
Controlling diet and changing lifestyle are the basis of treating dyslipidemia. No matter whether you choose medication or not, you must adhere to a healthy lifestyle, improve your diet structure, reduce your total energy intake (300-500 calories a day), limit your cholesterol intake, supplement dietary fiber, quit smoking, limit salt and alcohol.
It is recommended to do 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise every day, 5-7 days a week, and maintain an appropriate body mass index (body mass index 20.0~23.9). Take lipid-lowering drugs under the guidance of a doctor when necessary to reduce blood lipid. The prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia is of great significance to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and improve the quality of life.
04
Uric acid excess
When hyperuricemia is found, we should pay attention to the combination of work and rest to avoid fatigue and joint injury. Exercise moderately and control your weight.
It is recommended to have a low purine diet and eat less animal offal, seafood, shrimps and crabs, sausages, etc. And limit drinking or abstinence. Drink plenty of water and increase uric acid excretion by more than 2000 ml per day. Take medicine under the guidance of a doctor when necessary to reduce uric acid.
05
fatty liver
After fatty liver is found in physical examination, it is necessary to change the diet structure, eat less fat, animal offal and fried food, and eat less sweets and starchy food. Eat more fish, vegetables and fruits. Vegetable oil should be used as cooking material.
Control the amount of food, eight points full, to prevent overweight and obesity. Quit smoking and limit alcohol. Strengthen exercise and do aerobic exercise three times a week for more than half an hour each time.
It is suggested to check liver color Doppler ultrasound, liver function and blood lipid every 3~6 months.
06
Hepatic/renal cyst
Generally speaking, simple cysts are benign lesions. Can be single or multiple, mostly congenital, generally not malignant. With the enlargement of cyst, the possibility of rupture or secondary infection is very small. Usually there are no symptoms, and it does not affect liver and kidney function.
The diameter of hepatic cyst and renal cyst is more than 5 cm, so minimally invasive surgery can be considered. Cysts generally do not suddenly increase, so it is recommended to review liver and kidney color Doppler ultrasound regularly.
07
hyperplasia of mammary glands
Some women with mammary gland hyperplasia can relieve themselves after 1~2 years. Most of the symptoms are mild and do not need treatment. If the symptoms are obvious, you can go to a breast and thyroid specialist.
The occurrence of breast hyperplasia is also closely related to mental factors. It is suggested to keep a cheerful mood and a stable mood, combine work and rest, and avoid tension and anxiety.
08
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostatic hyperplasia is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly men, which is more common in people over 50 years old. With the increase of age, the incidence rate gradually increased.
Frequent micturition, urgency and dysuria are early symptoms. With the aggravation of prostatic hyperplasia, urine can be interrupted, diluted, dripping endlessly, nocturia increases, and urinary retention.
You can go to the urology clinic and take drugs such as Borreline and Haller to improve the urination function. If the drug treatment effect is not good, you can consider minimally invasive surgery.
09
ST-T change
People often equate ST-T changes with "myocardial ischemia", which is incorrect, because other non-ischemic reasons may also lead to ST-T changes in ECG.
When you see this medical term in the physical examination report, I suggest you go to the cardiology clinic for the guidance of a specialist. Doctors will comprehensively analyze whether there are heart-related symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors, and if necessary, they will further carry out coronary CT and coronary angiography to make a clear diagnosis.
10
Abnormal tumor markers
The sensitivity and specificity of tumor markers are not 100%, which will be affected by many factors.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is usually associated with liver cancer, but the index will also increase during pregnancy.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is associated with abnormal proliferation of glandular epithelial cells in colon cancer, various tissues and organs, and even non-neoplastic lesions.
Carbohydrate antigen CA 125 is generally associated with ovarian cancer, but benign ovarian lesions, endometriosis and even male pleural effusion can also lead to an increase in this index.
Similarly, normal tumor markers cannot completely rule out malignant tumors. However, if the possibility of cancer is highly suspected, or a high-risk group of a certain tumor, you can choose to detect the corresponding tumor markers as a reference. In addition, the tumor patients can be followed up and dynamically monitored through the changes of tumor markers.