Surface pollution: refers to radioactive substances attached to the surface, such as soil, buildings, roads, etc.
Water pollution: refers to the situation that radioactive substances are dissolved or suspended in water.
Air pollution: refers to radioactive substances entering the air through aerosol, smoke and other forms, and entering the human body through breathing and other means.
Food pollution: refers to radioactive substances entering the food chain, being absorbed by plants, animals and other organisms, and then entering the human body.
Its specific manifestations of human and animal pollution can be divided into the following three categories:
I. Intake and inhalation of radioactive substances
Radioactive substances in nuclear pollution can enter animals and human bodies through air, water and food. These radioactive substances will release high-energy particles and electromagnetic radiation, which will directly damage cells and tissues in the body, leading to cancer, gene mutation, reproductive and immune system damage.
For example, after the accident of Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine, radioactive substances were scattered into the atmosphere, and people inhaled radioactive substances when breathing air, which led to health problems such as cancer. Similarly, after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in Japan, people eating seafood contaminated by radioactivity may also lead to the intake of radioactive substances.
Second, environmental and ecological damage.
Nuclear pollution has caused great damage to the ecosystem of animals and plants. The accumulation of radioactive substances in soil and water destroys the living environment of organisms and leads to the extinction or reduction of biological groups.
As we all know, after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, wild animals were affected by radioactive substances, resulting in a large number of animal deaths or reproductive and genetic damage. At the same time, radioactive pollution in water will affect the balance of marine ecosystem and cause damage to aquatic organisms.
Three. Socioeconomic impact
The impact of nuclear pollution on economy and society can not be ignored. The losses caused by nuclear accidents are often high. For example, the Chernobyl accident had a great impact on the economies of Ukraine and Belarus. In addition, nuclear pollution may also lead to regional social and political problems, such as public unrest and political instability. Including the decline in productivity, the increase in medical expenses, population migration and political and social instability. Its influence is more extensive and lasting.
For example, we take Fukushima nuclear pollution in Japan as an example to explain in detail that for any country suffering from nuclear pollution, the consequences are the same:
First of all, the Fukushima nuclear accident had a great impact on Japan's energy policy and economy. Before the accident, Japan was one of the largest users of nuclear energy in the world. After the nuclear leak, the Japanese government had to shut down all nuclear power plants, resulting in insufficient energy supply in Japan, forcing Japan to rely on imported energy. This not only has a great impact on Japan's economy, but also poses a severe challenge to Japan's energy security.
Secondly, the Fukushima nuclear accident had a great impact on Japanese agriculture and fisheries. The farmland and sea area near Fukushima are seriously polluted, which limits the sales of some agricultural products and seafood. This has brought huge economic losses to local farmers and fishermen, and also caused some local villages to fall into economic difficulties.
In addition, the Fukushima nuclear accident has also brought a huge impact on Japanese tourism. Due to the radiation pollution in Fukushima area, many tourists are afraid to travel to Japan, which leads to the shrinking of Japanese tourism. This contribution to the Japanese economy can not be ignored, because tourism has always been one of the important pillars of the Japanese economy.
Finally, the psychological and social impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident on Japanese society is also very serious. Many people lost their homes and relatives, which brought great pain and psychological pressure to local residents. In addition, after the accident, the Japanese government's response to the accident was also criticized, which led to the decline of public trust in the government and triggered reflection and controversy on nuclear energy.
In a word, the harm of nuclear pollution to animals and human beings is various, including health, environment and socio-economic impact. Therefore, in order to reduce the harm of nuclear pollution to human beings and the environment, we must strengthen nuclear safety measures and carry out emergency plans for nuclear pollution to prevent problems before they happen. At the same time, countries contaminated by nuclear pollution should also bear their own responsibilities and cannot adopt a laissez-faire attitude. They should actively cooperate with neighboring countries to solve existing problems, and should not be dismissive of them.