2, grassland ecosystem, grassland ecosystem is distributed in arid areas, and the annual precipitation is very small, resulting in fewer species of animals and plants.
3. Marine ecosystem is composed of marine and marine life, and there are many kinds of animals.
4. Freshwater ecosystem consists of freshwater bodies such as rivers, lakes or ponds.
5. Wetland ecosystem is an ecosystem formed under the condition of excessive moisture or humidity, and swamp is a wetland ecosystem.
6. Farmland ecosystem, there is no doubt that the artificially constructed ecosystem with crops as the main body is the farmland ecosystem.
7. Urban ecosystem. The consumers of urban ecosystem are mainly human beings.
8. Composition characteristics: The ecosystem includes living components and inanimate components (inorganic environment). Bio-community is the core of the ecosystem and the fundamental symbol that distinguishes it from other systems.
9. Open features: All kinds of ecosystems are open systems in different degrees, and energy and substances need to be continuously input from the external environment, and then processed and transformed in the system and exported to the environment.
10. Temporal characteristics: The organisms that make up the ecosystem grow, develop, reproduce and die over time. Ecosystem also shows this obvious time feature, with the development and evolution law from simple to complex and from low to high. With the development of ecosystem, the productivity of ecosystem presents obvious time characteristics.
1 1. functional characteristics: the interaction between organisms and the environment in an ecosystem, whose functional characteristics are mainly reflected in energy flow and material circulation.
12, spatial characteristics: the ecosystem is usually associated with a specific space, which is composed of creatures and environment in a specific space, so it has strong regional characteristics.
13. Characteristics of sustainability: The concept of sustainable development requires people to change their thinking, strengthen the management of ecosystems, maintain the characteristics of healthy and sustainable development of ecosystems, and realize all-round development in time and space.