When mental health is affected, psychology will produce a certain defense mechanism. Here are four levels of psychological defense mechanisms that bring you mental health, hoping to help you.
First floor: mental illness? Psychological defense mechanism (psychological defense mechanism)
These mechanisms are common in people under 5 years old? Healthy? Children are also common in adult dreams and fantasies. For users, these mechanisms can change reality. In the eyes of onlookers, who are they? Crazy? . We often can't change them with traditional psychotherapy explanations; But you can change the reality to change them (just like taking chlorpromazine, eliminating stress and maturing). In the treatment, providing him with strong interpersonal support, or letting him face the neglected reality directly, can make users give up them temporarily.
1. Delusions project straightforward delusions about external reality, which are often fatal.
It includes: experiencing one's own feelings in others and taking action on this perception (such as rich delusions of victimization), or perceiving others or their feelings in one's own heart (literally) (such as the opinions of patients with tension-type depression? The devil is eating my heart? The difference between this mechanism and projection is that it actually gives up the test of reality. The difference between it and distortion is the lack of desire satisfaction, and the difference between it and injectivity is that it still projects those recognized inner feelings. The delusional projection of toxic mental patients can organize many obviously different chaotic perceptions.
2. Deny)-Deny external reality.
The object of negation is external reality, which, unlike repression, has less influence on internal reality (an example of repression affecting the heart is:? I'm not angry? )。 It also includes those fantasies about someone who is mainly physically body double, especially about someone who has lost his way (examples of denial are,? I can create a new him in my heart. )。
3. Distortion)-Remodeling an external realistic image to meet the internal needs.
Including: unrealistic exaggerated ideas, hallucinations, delusions of satisfying desires and persistent delusional superiority. It includes continuous denial of one's actions. It also includes those unrealistic compulsive thinking or behavior. When twisted, you can have a pleasant feeling of mixing or blending with another person (for example? Jesus lived in my heart and answered all my requests. ? However, contrary to delusional projection, the latter relieves their own pain because the responsibility of feelings is placed in other aspects, and when distorted, unpleasant feelings are replaced by opponents. As shown by religious beliefs; Distortion may have a better adaptive effect.
The second layer: the psychological defense mechanism is immature.
These mechanisms are common between the ages of three and fifteen? Healthy? People with personality disorders and adults in psychotherapy. For users, these defense mechanisms can often change the distress caused by deep affection (or loss of such feelings) between people. To the onlookers, they seem unnecessary. Although it is difficult to change the immature defense mechanism, it is also possible for us to change the immature defense mechanism through the improvement of interpersonal relationship or through repeated convincing explanations during long-term psychotherapy.
4, Projection (projection) the feelings that individuals don't admit to others.
Including serious prejudice, refusal to make out with people because of suspicion, excessive vigilance against external dangers, and collecting materials to show that people have been wronged? Evidence? . Some people may appear eccentric or irritable after using this defense mechanism, but they are still counted? Legal? .
5. Split-like fantasy applies fantasy in order to solve conflicts or obtain psychological satisfaction, or often indulges in lonely retirement.
Often accompanied by obvious escape from human intimacy or eccentric behavior to keep others away from themselves. Unlike psychiatric denial, the user doesn't really want (or insist on) letting people know his fantasy. However, split fantasy is different from simple desire. It can meet the needs of personal relationships and prevent yourself from showing obvious attacks or sexual impulses to others. Different from separation, fantasy reproduces the external world rather than the inner world.
6. hypochondriasis (hypochondriasis) Where are you going? The aggressive impulse caused by loneliness or not accepting others' condemnation first turns into remorse, and then tells about pain, physical illness and neurasthenia.
Suspicion refers to injecting other people's characteristics into yourself, which makes it credible? Disease? . Different from identification, injection of hypochondria can lead to distress and unhappiness. What is hypochondriac injectivity? Out of place with yourself? . This defense mechanism allows users to reprimand others with their own pain or discomfort, without directly asking them for demands or complaining that others ignore their wishes (which are often not expressed). Does not include asthma, ulcers or hypertension. These are neither adaptation nor defense. Unlike the symptoms of hysteria, hypochondriacs have the opposite emotional attitude. It is neither calm nor indifferent.
7. Passive aggressive behavior (passive? Aggressive behavior) Users will express their aggressiveness to others indirectly (through passivity) or directly.
Including those failures, delays or diseases that will affect others or even yourself (at least at first). It includes doing stupid or provocative behavior to attract attention, or becoming a clown to avoid being in a competitive position. Those who have formed a sadistic relationship often show both passive attack and hypochondriac defense.
8. Acting out (old translation: subconscious release) allows a subconscious desire or impulse to be directly expressed, thus avoiding realizing the feelings that follow.
It includes action and behavior, discipline or impulsive behavior and? Lose your temper? . It also includes long-term drug abuse, failure, metamorphosis or self-harm (that is, subjective anxiety or depression) to relieve tension. Venting also involves the following situations: In order to avoid the tension caused by the delayed expression of instinct, I let myself vent impulsively for a long time.
Third floor: neurotic? Psychological defense mechanism (neurotic defense)
These mechanisms are common among people aged 3 to 90? Healthy? People, neuroses and individuals who are coping with acute stress. For users, these mechanisms can change personal feelings or instinctive expressions. For the onlookers, is it a personal excuse or? The difficulty of neurosis? . After traditional and short-term psychotherapy explanations, they can often make great changes.
9, Intellectualization (intellectualization) with some from the emotional point of view is not strong to think instinctive desire, rather than to actual action. The idea remains in the consciousness, but the feeling has disappeared.
Rationalization includes the following mechanisms: isolation, rationalization, ritual, cancellation, compensation and magical thinking. Although there are some differences between these mechanisms, they often appear in groups. Rationalization includes paying too much attention to inanimate things to avoid intimate feelings with people, or paying attention to external reality to avoid expressing inner feelings, or paying attention to irrelevant details to avoid perceiving the whole. Forced thinking and behavior are also included, although they can also be considered as some form of internal substitution.
10, prespression seems to be inexplicably childish behavior, a slip of the tongue and a slip of the pen, or failure to admit the information entered in a certain sense. It can be said that this is: feelings stay in consciousness, but ideas are ignored.
Caused by depression? Forget? It is very special, and there are often highly symbolic behaviors that can imply that this kind of depression has not really been forgotten. The difference between repression and repression is that the former can effectively and unconsciously suppress impulses, even to the point of giving up goals, rather than just procrastinating. Different from negation, it only prevents people from perceiving their instincts and feelings in consciousness, rather than denying people's understanding and reaction to external events. If someone is crying but forgets who to cry for, it may be depression; If he denies his tears, or insists that the mourners are actually alive, it may be denial.
1 1, Displacement changes your feelings, pointing to an object (object) that you don't care much about (not sensitive), rather than pointing to people or situations that can cause this feeling.
It involves easily replacing an emotionally important person with something or a stranger. Jokes, humor and satirical cartoons that imply hostility all involve substitution. Most phobias, most hysterical conversion reactions and some prejudices also involve substitution.
12, the behavior shown by reaction formation is exactly the opposite of some unacceptable instinctive impulse.
This defense mechanism includes: when someone wants to take care of themselves but obviously takes care of others, hate? Someone or something you really like, or? Love? Competitors you hate or jobs you don't like.
13. Split is to temporarily and drastically change a person's personality or a certain feeling in order to avoid emotional distress. Synonymous with neurotic denial.
It may include fugue, hysterical conversion reaction, sudden unfounded superiority or careless attitude, and short-term denial of one's actions or feelings. It also includes busy behavior to eliminate anxiety or distress, by performing on the stage? Is it safe? Express your instinctive desire clearly, abuse a drug or use religion for a short time in order to numb your unpleasant feelings? Joy？ . Separation is easier for others to understand than distortion, and more considerate and shorter than venting.
The fourth layer: mature psychological defense mechanism.
These mechanisms are common at almost any age? Healthy? People. For users, these mechanisms can integrate reality, interpersonal relationships and personal feelings. To the onlookers, they are virtues. When the reaction becomes stronger and stronger, they may also turn into immature defense mechanisms.
14. Altruism serves others in an alternative and constructive way, which makes you feel satisfied instinctively.
It includes the reverse formation of benign construction, charitable behavior and returning services to others. The difference between altruism and projection and venting is that it provides real rather than imaginary benefits for others. It is different from reverse formation in that it makes users at least partially satisfied.
Humor clearly expresses your thoughts and feelings, but it won't make you feel uncomfortable or have an unpleasant influence on others.
Some games and funny return behaviors belong to humor. Different from humor, humor is an alternative form, and humor is outspoken. What to say, if not to say? Self in observation? Some ingredients, it is impossible to apply humor. Just like hope, humor enables users to endure and focus on the unbearable things. On the contrary, humor often shows carelessness. Unlike split fantasy, humor does not exclude others.
16, inhibition Although there is an impulse to resolve conflicts in consciousness, the decision to postpone conflicts is made in consciousness or semi-consciousness.
This mechanism includes finding a glimmer of hope in difficulties, minimizing the uncomfortable feeling that has been recognized, standing up in the face of difficulties and delaying as much as possible without avoiding it. People who use repression say this:? I'll think about it tomorrow, okay I do remember thinking about it the next day.
17. Anticipations Make realistic expectations or plans for future inner discomfort.
This mechanism includes making a purposeful and careful plan (or worry) about what will happen, having a realistic emotional preparation for death or surgery, and being able to consciously apply what you have learned in psychotherapy? Self-knowledge.
18, sublimation indirectly shows instinct or weakening, but it has neither adverse consequences nor obvious loss of fun.
It includes expressing aggression through interesting games, sports and hobbies, and romantically expressing one's instinct in a weakened way during real courtship. Unlike humor, when sublimating, this? Self-service retrogression? There will be real consequences. With what? Neurotic? Different defenses, when using sublimation, instinct is not blocked or transferred, but to find another way for it. Artistic achievement is a typical example. In projection, personal feelings (such as anger) are attributed to others. In replacement, although personal feelings are still recognized as their own, they are often not satisfied when they are redirected to less important objects. But in sublimation, feelings are recognized, modified and directed to more important people or goals, so there will be adaptive instinct satisfaction.
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