Knowledge of accidental injuries in kindergartens 1. What are the accidental injuries that children are prone to?
traffic accident
Traffic accidents are the primary cause of children's accidental injuries. With the increasing number of bicycles, motorcycles and automobiles owned by families, a large number of heavy vehicles, such as trucks, unlicensed agricultural vehicles and motorcycles, have caused serious safety hazards to children walking on the roadside and riding bicycles to and from school.
What parents should do: Don't let children under 12 ride bicycles alone. /kloc-Teenagers over 0/2 years old must obey the traffic rules and ride in the slow lane; When crossing the road, be sure to pay attention to the traffic; Hold out your hand when turning, don't worry; Don't chase and fight on the highway; Take the sidewalk and take the crosswalk to cross the intersection.
kill
Children's asphyxia is mostly caused by foreign bodies entering the trachea, the trachea being compressed and the mouth and nose being covered. Such as peanuts, melon seeds, pen caps and other foreign objects. Due to the insufficient protective reflex of children's larynx and carelessness in crying and playing with toys, it is especially easy to inhale foreign bodies into the trachea.
What parents should do: if this happens, they should be sent to the hospital immediately, because foreign objects blocking the trachea will cause suffocation and even death. Usually, children should be prevented from running to eat while talking. Tell children that foreign bodies entering the trachea will be life-threatening if they are not taken out immediately. Don't play, make noise or laugh while eating. Usually don't put peanuts, beans and other nuts, buttons, stones and other small items in your mouth to play; Don't put little things in your nose. In addition, accidental asphyxia is also a factor that causes infant injury. Infant prone position is more prone to sudden death than supine position or lateral position.
Be injured by a fall
Among all accidental injuries in children, falling is the most common non-fatal injury. The incidence rate of boys is three times that of girls.
What parents should do: if there are children at home, the balcony should be closed; Adults suffer from epilepsy, hypertension, hypotension, hypoglycemia and other special diseases, which are easy to cause syncope. Be careful not to stand in dangerous places when holding children. Damaged doors and windows should be repaired in time to prevent children from climbing and falling.
animal bite
It is also common for children to be bitten by animals, but it decreases with children's age. This is because children like to get in close contact with dogs, cats and other small animals, but they don't know how to get along with them safely. As children grow up, they spend less and less time playing with animals and gradually know the dangers.
What parents should do: Dog families should take rabies virus prevention on time. You must be sent to the hospital immediately after being bitten by a dog. It is urgent.
burn
The incidence of burns and scalds is the highest in early childhood, which is also the main factor leading to lifelong disability. The injuries caused by burns and scalds not only cause big scars, disfigurement and blindness to children, but also bring psychological obstacles and burdens to their future work and life.
What parents should do: put cold water before hot water when bathing their children; Keep children away from hot water bottles, stoves, electric irons and other heat sources; Get into the habit of drinking hot water with a sealed thermos cup, and don't burn your child because the cup is tilted.
2. What are the common knowledge of health and safety in kindergartens?
1. Educate children not to bring toys and sharp tools to the park, let alone put them in their mouth, nose and ears to avoid injury.
2. Educate children not to play with toys with their peers, let alone scratch, bite or hit their peers.
3. Go up and down the stairs to the right, don't slide down from the handrail of the stairs, and don't do dangerous actions such as climbing the window, tearing the window, jumping up the stairs, playing with the door, jumping off from a height, etc.
4. When going to public places for sightseeing, going out for a walk or outdoor activities, educate children to stay away from dangerous places such as transformers and construction sites, and listen to teachers (or adults) and don't leave the group casually. Tell the teacher if anything happens.
5. Educate children to obey the teacher's arrangement during sports or games, observe discipline, conduct activities in an orderly manner, and avoid chasing, running around and colliding with each other.
6. Explain and publicize safety knowledge to children, so that children can understand the dangers of playing with fire, electricity and water to prevent accidents.
7. Guide children to understand the purpose of fire hydrants and fire extinguishers, and know the safe passage exit of kindergartens; Educate children to form the habit of observing fire signs and evacuation instructions in public places; Know all kinds of alarm calls and know how to call the police.
The main contents of kindergarten safety education
8. After school in the afternoon, educate children to bring adults, don't run around by themselves, and don't stay in the kindergarten to prevent accidents.
9. Educate children to know their names, garden names, parents' names, work units, home addresses and telephone numbers, and they will express clearly how to protect themselves in an emergency.
10. Teach children not to trust strangers at will, not to walk with strangers privately, and not to let strangers touch their bodies. Tell children that only parents, doctors and nurses can touch their bodies. If a stranger wants to do this, he must flee as soon as possible.
1 1. Educate children not to lock their doors at home, and not to play with dangerous goods such as gas, fire, lighters, kettles, water dispensers and medicines.
12. Educate children not to cross the road without adult guidance. When crossing the road, you should obey the traffic rules, walk on the sidewalk, don't stay and play on the road, and walk on the right in the street.
13. Teach children not to open the door at will when they are alone at home. Don't open the door when they hear a knock at the door. You can say "My parents are not at home, please come back later" to prevent thieves from entering the house when adults are away.
14, when traveling or walking in the wild, don't pick flowers and fruits casually, catch insects, and don't put them in your mouth to prevent accidents.
3. What are the gains from the prevention and measures of children's accidental injuries?
Expert reminder
Parents should enhance their awareness of prevention.
"Accidental injury" refers to the injury to human body caused by unexpected events, including poisoning, suffocation, drowning, traffic accidents, burns and scalds. Children have the strongest vitality, the least health problems and the most accidental injuries. Statistics show that accidental injuries account for the largest proportion in the deaths of children under 14 years old, and the top four accidental injuries are falling, burning, suffocation and poisoning respectively.
According to experts, the causes of accidental injuries are mostly related to play and sports, because children have two lovely and very dangerous characteristics: ignorance and hyperactivity. When they play or exercise, they never think that there may be accidental injuries, and they lack conscious protection psychology and accidental safety awareness.
Dr. Chen, a professor of pediatrics at Sun Yat-sen Hospital, said: "Although most parents are often worried about accidental injuries to their children, they have not paid enough attention to some family environmental factors that may lead to accidental injuries. Nearly13 people do not pay attention to keep their medicines at home and put them where children can get them. They didn't think it might lead to drug poisoning of their children's families. For example, during the SARS in Beijing, many parents brought disinfectant home, and an 8-year-old child accidentally drank' disinfectant'. " Another data shows that 52% of children's accidental injuries occur at home. It can be seen that it is urgent to educate parents and children to prevent accidental injuries of children.
Advice to parents
Accidental injuries can also be prevented
Like all diseases, accidental injuries can be prevented. The key is that parents should improve their awareness of prevention and not underestimate accidents.
Fall prevention: places where falls often occur: beds, stairs, windows, trees, bicycles, entertainment facilities, etc. Crawling babies are the easiest to fall off the bed, and toddlers are the easiest to fall off the windows and stairs. The easiest time to fall down at home is before and after eating. Non-slip strips should be installed on indoor stairs and steps, and someone should help the baby get up and down on outdoor stairs. The children's chair must be wider than the sitting surface, so that it is not easy to fall. At the same time, there should be a seat belt on the chair to fix the baby. Don't leave the baby alone in the adult bed.
Prevention of swallowing foreign objects: In addition to small buttons and coins generally recognized by parents, some small plastic spoons with poor quality may also become weapons that harm children. Poor quality plastic spoons are brittle, and babies who are greedy will like to send them to their mouths to play. If broken by teeth, plastic spoons will form some sharp fragments, which may cause discomfort and danger to children's mouth, pharynx, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract.
Prevention of suffocation: Plastic wrap, plastic bags and peanuts may block the child's trachea and cause suffocation. In the case of swallowing a foreign body, if the foreign body * * * the throat mucosa, it will cause severe cough, and dyspnea due to reflex laryngeal spasm and foreign body obstruction, and there may be different degrees of wheezing, aphonia, sore throat, etc. Worst of all, if the foreign body is large and embedded in the glottis, it may soon cause suffocation and death.
Simple first aid knowledge
Experts said: In the event of accidental injury to children, if the relevant personnel have the knowledge of rescue and self-help, and can take first aid measures calmly and quickly, they can often buy time and reduce the losses caused by the accident to a great extent.
Children's accidental injuries can be divided into the following three categories according to their severity:
1。 Such as drowning, electric shock, lightning strike, traumatic bleeding, tracheal foreign body, car accident, poisoning, etc. This kind of accident must be rescued on the spot against time.
2。 Another kind of accidental injury, although not instantly fatal, is also very serious, such as various burns, fractures, snake bites and so on. If delayed or mishandled, it may also have serious consequences.
3。 There is also a slight accidental injury, such as a knife cutting a small mouth and breaking a little skin, which can be treated simply at home, and if necessary, you can go to the hospital for treatment.
The first two types of children's accidental injuries need emergency treatment, and the principle of emergency treatment is:
Save people: The first thing to pay attention to is whether the injured child's breathing and heartbeat are normal. If the injured child's heartbeat and breathing are irregular, it is about to stop or just stop. It is imperative to try to help the sick child breathe temporarily with artificial power to restore spontaneous breathing. At normal temperature, breathing and heartbeat stop completely for more than 4 minutes, and life will be in danger; 10 minutes later, it is difficult for the sick child to recover. If you don't give first aid immediately, waiting to be sent to the hospital for rescue will often lead to irreparable consequences.
Prevention of complications: try to prevent and reduce the occurrence of complications, leaving sequelae. For example, when a child falls or falls, a spinal fracture will occur. When the sick child has back pain and suspected spinal fracture, it is forbidden to let the sick child walk around, and the wooden board must be used as a stretcher when transporting. If the sick children are allowed to walk around, or transported on a soft stretcher such as a rope, or carried on their backs, the spinal nerves may be damaged due to the activities of the spine, leading to paraplegia.
4. Experience of accident prevention and first aid training for children.
Children in kindergartens are young and have poor self-protection ability, so some accidents will inevitably happen in the collective life of kindergartens. In order to ensure the safety of children in kindergarten, our kindergarten not only takes various preventive measures to educate children to protect themselves, but also requires teachers to have certain accidental injuries and quickly vacate first aid knowledge and skills. In view of this situation, recently, our park specially organized and carried out a creative training for many children's accidental injury first aid knowledge. In this training, the health care doctors in our garden gave lectures on how to prevent children from accidentally injuring the space in daily life and how to deal with several common injuries of children, such as nosebleeds, foreign bodies entering the nose, burns, skin contusions, sprains, bumps, abdominal pain, vomiting and convulsions. Through training, teachers have said that in the future, in addition to safety precautions, they also know how to deal with children's accidental injuries more scientifically. This is a great learning!
Processing flow:
1, deal with the injured. Send the injured to the nearest hospital and pay the medical expenses in advance.
2. Calm the surrounding emotions. Rational information output of accidents. Never hide anything, it will cause the loss of credibility.
3, please the relevant departments to investigate the accident, find the real reason, find out the responsibility of the accident.
4. Do the aftermath of the accident. With the support of relevant investigation results and the guidance of relevant departments, reasonable compensation will be made. We cannot support unreasonable demands. And inform the public of the information, so that the accident can be solved satisfactorily.
5. How to prevent children from being injured accidentally in the park?
The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) clearly points out: "Teachers should put the protection of children's lives and the promotion of children's health in the first place in education."
But in recent years, kindergarten safety accidents have occurred from time to time for many reasons, including children's own reasons, teachers' reasons, and kindergarten facilities and management reasons. So how to actively take effective measures to prevent, reduce or eliminate the occurrence of accidents in young children? Strengthen professional ethics education and improve teachers' sense of responsibility. First, improve the daily safety system of kindergartens.
For example, we should constantly improve and strictly implement the system of picking up and dropping off children in and out of the park, the system of one-day safety work and rest, the system of one-day inspection, the system of doormen, the system of safety rewards and punishments, the system of being on duty at noon, and the system of receiving foreign personnel. For example, when children enter the park, parents should swipe their cards one by one and send them to the teacher in person; In the morning check-up, when the teacher on duty meets a sick child taking medicine, he should communicate with his parents, ask about the cause of the child, the dosage and time of taking medicine, and make a record for parents to sign; When leaving the park, parents should pick up their children with cards, and teachers should give them to parents. When foreigners visit, they must get the permission and signature of the director before they can enter the park.
In addition, the leaders of the park should sign safety responsibility letters with the teaching staff layer by layer, with the division of labor to people and the responsibility to people, and reward and punish them according to the "reward and punishment system" formulated by the park. Safety work must use the binding force of the system to strengthen teachers' sense of responsibility and improve teachers' sense of safety.
2. Strengthen study and improve safety theory knowledge. Every semester, we should hold regular meetings of all the teaching and administrative staff, conscientiously study the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) and the Professional Ethics Code for Preschool Teachers, and often hold symposiums for class leaders, teachers and nurses to study the safety work of each class (such as hot and cold meals during meals, cooperation between teachers and nurses during activities, etc.), discuss and sum up experience, and do the daily safety work in detail.
3. Strengthen the safety work in daily activities. Our park has set up a safety leading group with the director as the group leader, the logistics director, the health care doctor and the monitor of each class as members, to check the safety work of each class, hold a safety meeting in time when problems are found, analyze the causes of the problems, find out the root causes, and play a warning role in future work.
For example, when a child takes a nap, the leader on duty goes to each class to check the teacher's duty, and finds that there is a small sharp screw in the mouth of a child who can't sleep. If the child accidentally swallows the screw, the consequences will be unimaginable. The leader on duty immediately severely criticized the teacher on duty, and then the kindergarten group held a safety emergency meeting to analyze the cause of the accident and the consequences of not finding it in time.
The reasons are: the morning and afternoon inspections are not detailed and not in place, and the teachers on duty are not well supervised. In response to this incident, we have formulated the following measures: (1) Some children are late for the morning check-up, and then make up the check-up before class.
(2) The exam in the afternoon should be more detailed, carefully observe the mental outlook of the children, let the children take off their ornaments and put them in a fixed place, which will be managed by the teachers. (3) During the period of duty, the teacher on duty shall not read books, newspapers or do other things, and shall not rest. They should strengthen inspections, correct children's sleeping posture in time, cover the children who push the quilt in time, remind children who love to wet the bed in time, abide by the work and rest system, and can't procrastinate.
Take various forms to cultivate children's safety awareness and self-care ability. As the saying goes, it is better to manage yourself than to manage yourself. The "Outline" clearly points out that "safety, nutrition and health education should be closely integrated with children's lives to improve children's awareness and ability of self-protection".
Therefore, while protecting children's safety, teachers should teach children the necessary safety knowledge, self-protection methods and skills through various forms of safety education activities, improve children's self-protection ability, and minimize the possibility of all kinds of accidental injuries. 1. Cultivate children's good living habits through regular education.
In all aspects and activities of a day's life, children need to be positively educated, which requires specific and clear requirements and a good life order. When entering the park, don't bring sundry goods and dangerous goods, such as small nails, knives, peanuts and other small items, don't wear jewelry on your wrist and neck, and don't wear a rope chain on your coat; Eat quietly, chew slowly, and don't joke; Sleep correctly, don't bring sundries to bed to play, and sleep without anything; When walking, hold your head high, swing your hands back and forth naturally, learn to walk on the right, don't run hard, don't push or trip; Abide by the rules of the game and collective discipline when participating in games and other activities; Go up and down the stairs to the right, hold the stairs well, and don't crowd and push; Orderly activities when leaving the garden, waiting for parents, going home safely and so on.
2. Grasp the examples around you for safety education. While doing a good job in children's regular education, teachers should seize the role models around them to educate children about safety. For example, children are lively and active, and they often frolic in the classroom during recess. Stumbling happens from time to time, and teachers should grasp the examples around them and educate their children in time.
One day, Wan Yu's children were playing with Niuniu's children, and Wan Yu's mouth accidentally hit the edge of the table, and his lips were cut by his teeth. In the afternoon, the teacher seized this example to organize children's discussion. What dangerous things happened in our class today? Why is this happening? What should we pay attention to in class? Through discussion, the children realized: you can't run around in the classroom, you can't push others, you have to push the chair under the table when people leave, and you have to queue up to wash and go to the toilet.
Children draw these precautions and stick them on the wall to remind everyone of safety at any time. 3. Safety education for children in games is their favorite activity and the best way to learn. Through various games, they naturally integrate into the content of safety education, and try to solve various problems in interesting and pleasant games, so that children can get the methods and experiences of disaster prevention, disaster avoidance, escape and self-help as far as they can.
For example, what if you don't go with strangers and get separated from your parents? What if the child is ill? What if there is a power outage at home? What if you see a fire? Let children remember the telephone numbers of their families, learn to call 1 1O, 120,1/9 and ask for help from their families, and learn not to play with fire, use naked fire and other common sense, so that children can get rich in happy games.
6. What are the common knowledge of children's safety education?
Kindergarten safety knowledge Children are very curious and often don't know the danger.
In order to ensure children's physical and mental health and safety, so that children can grow up smoothly, parents should actively cooperate with kindergartens to carry out safety education for children. Here are some ways to introduce parents: 1. Teach children not to play with fire and electricity, and let them know that playing with fire and electricity is very dangerous.
2. Educate children not to climb the balcony of the window sill and let them know that they are easy to fall. When children see some superman's actions on TV, they should be informed in time. Only by taking strong safeguard measures can this be done.
3. Educate children not to put pins, thumbtacks, paper clips, peanuts, small plastic particles, etc. Into the ear, nose and other places. This is easy to fall into the trachea and cause suffocation.
The kitchen is an unsafe place for children. Stoves, hot pots, kettles, knives and forks are all dangerous. Children should be taught not to play in the kitchen.
5. Educate children not to play with plastic bags. Once put on your head, it will cause suffocation.
Because children don't take plastic bags off their heads when they are in a hurry, it is even more dangerous if the bag mouth is tightened. 6. Educate children not to play and chase on the roadside, and consciously help them learn some traffic knowledge.
7. Don't go to the public toilet alone, take the bus, go to the movies and other outdoor activities. 8. Don't tell strangers your home address and telephone number.
9. Strangers force you to shout for help and run away. 10, don't go to remote empty houses and quiet and dark places.
1 1. Don't accept gifts from strangers. 12, don't promise strangers' demands.
13, don't go into other people's homes alone. 14, it is very dangerous to meet animals such as dogs. Don't attract the dog's attention, don't look at it, leave slowly, don't run.
15, in order to avoid being targeted by gangsters: (1) Don't tell strangers about your home; (2) Don't take the elevator with strangers alone; (3) Don't go out alone; (4) Don't go to remote and dark places. 16. What if you are followed outside alone? (1) Go to a crowded place (2) Sing or shout to attract others' attention (3) Ask the police for help (18). The fire is terrible. What should I do in case of fire? (1) Call the police at 1 19; (2) cut off the power supply and turn off the gas; (3) If the fire is small, you can put it out with a fire extinguisher; (4) If the fire is too big, you can give up your belongings and flee the scene; You can also cover your mouth with knitwear such as wet towels and run away with your nose bent; (6) Tell neighbors not to take the elevator; (7) If there is a fire, you should sleep on the ground immediately and roll until the fire goes out.
20. If you answer the wrong phone, the child should do this: (1) Say sorry, there is no one you are looking for; (1) Ask the other party what number to dial; If it is different from the one at home, say you have the wrong number and then hang up; (1) Don't chat with strangers on the phone and tell us about your family; (1) If the other party is a stranger, leave it to an adult; If you are alone, don't say that adults are not at home. 2 1, what if I get lost? (1) Ask the police for help. (2) Call your family to tell you where you are and ask them to pick you up. (3) If it is night, try to go home and don't stay outside. (4) Don't take a stranger's car and don't rush in if you can't find a familiar road, so as not to go further and further.
22. What should I do if I go out and get separated from my parents? (1) Stand where you are and wait (2) Ask the service staff for help. 23. There are no adults at home. What if someone knocks at the door? (1) If the other person is an acquaintance, you should also call your parents and ask them to wait outside the door first, and then invite them to visit when their parents come back. (2) The other party said that Mom and Dad asked him to take you out, and you can't go out with him. (3) Parents tell their children that when a person is at home, no matter what reason, he can't open the door to protect himself.
24. What if the gas leaks? (1) If you smell gas, tell the adults (2) to open the doors and windows quickly and turn off the main switch of the pipeline (3). It is forbidden to have any sparks. Don't turn on the light switch to avoid gas explosion. 25. Precautions should be taken to prevent burns and scalds: (1) Take a bath first to test the water temperature (2) Parents should stay away from soup (3) Hot water and hot soup should not be drunk immediately (4) Hot pot should not be touched (5) Don't turn on the gas in the kitchen (6) Don't play with fire. 26. What if there is an earthquake? (1) Evacuate to the outdoor in an orderly manner, and don't run around; (2) Turn off the power supply and gas switch; (3) When it is too late to escape, hide under a solid table.
27. Call for help when drowning, looking for nearby suspended matter to catch. When you find someone drowning, shout for help, find something that can float and throw it into the water for the drowning person to catch. More kindergarten safety knowledge >> What kind of kindergarten is the problem in kindergarten safety education? Children are curious, active, exploratory, lack of life experience and poor self-protection ability. They are the most vulnerable and vulnerable group among social members.
Therefore, children's safety education is very important. Kindergartens must give priority to protecting children's lives and promoting their health.
It should be said that most kindergartens attach great importance to children's safety, but the effect of children's safety education at present is not satisfactory. A survey in 2006 showed that 76.6% of children had the experience of falling or bumping in the game. 66.8% of the children had the experience of falling out of bed; 25.8% children have the experience of falling down stairs.
20 10 vicious safety incidents have occurred continuously in kindergartens in China, and children's safety accidents have occurred frequently. Accidental injury has become the first killer threatening children's life safety and healthy growth. At present, there are two main problems in kindergarten safety education: 1, which emphasizes protection, ignoring all-round protection of children by parents and teachers, and thinks that less activity can reduce dangerous accidents.
Some parks even reduce children's time for outdoor activities, depriving children of the opportunity to improve their self-protection ability through practical exercise. Although teachers and parents are doing their best to care for children and try their best to reduce accidents, we should clearly realize that adults' protection for children is limited after all, so while paying attention to and protecting children, it is more important to teach children the necessary safety knowledge and enhance their awareness and ability of self-protection.
2. Pay attention to the instillation of safety knowledge, rather than the training of safe behavior. In the daily safety education, most of the teachers are teaching children what to do and what not to do.