The World Health Organization believes that human health includes physical health, mental health and a good state of adapting to society. At present, the mental disorder rate of normal people in China is about 20%. People engaged in special trades (soldiers, policemen, etc.). There is even a high rate of psychological barriers, especially the grassroots police who have been fighting in the front line of law enforcement for a long time. Professor Zhou, an expert of the World Organization for Science, Education, Culture and Health and director of Nanjing Urban Psychological Counseling Center, pointed out that the professional characteristics of police officers are the most prone to mental health problems. As an armed national public security administrative force and criminal justice force, the police have the power of "daunting" in the eyes of ordinary people, but it also means that the police must face more temptations and psychological conflicts than ordinary people. Relevant research shows that in all emergency occupations, the police have the greatest psychological pressure and the most psychological obstacles, belonging to high-risk, high-load and high-intensity personnel, and the police have become one of the groups most prone to psychological problems. As a people's police to protect people and maintain social stability, it must be a dynamic and healthy group. If the police have psychological defects, it means potential disaster to both citizens and the country. Therefore, the mental health of public security police has become very important. Therefore, the author discusses the mental health of public security police from the following aspects.
First, the importance of mental health of public security police
Great changes have taken place in the way of thinking and behavior in today's society, and the public security police have also experienced changes in the transitional period, which will inevitably produce various unstable factors. The police itself is a disciplined team. As a special occupation, its risk factor is increasing day by day. Therefore, the police's psychological endurance becomes particularly important. Police work is highly mobile, tense and dangerous. As a policeman, in addition to general wisdom, he must also have the ability tendency and psychological quality required by his job-endurance, observation, self-control, interpersonal skills, psychological endurance and high courage and dedication. Because of this, the police are under more psychological pressure than the average person. As a policeman, if the inner pressure cannot be relieved in time, he will be in an unhealthy or sub-healthy state for a long time, and serious problems will arise. A policeman who may be introverted and steady at ordinary times will suddenly become manic and aggressive. When individual policemen stop criminal activities or interrogate stubborn, hostile and provocative criminal suspects, they can't control their emotions well, and take some extreme measures to endanger others' lives, such as shooting people, extorting confessions by torture, causing death, and appearing "cold, hard, horizontal and pushing" in the process of law enforcement. These situations not only seriously affect the overall image of public security organs, but also lay hidden dangers for the long-term stability of the whole society. Therefore, the mental health of public security police has become a problem worthy of the attention of the whole society.
Second, the main manifestations of psychological problems of public security police
With the rapid development of China's social politics, economy, culture and other industries, people's living standards have been continuously improved, and various social contradictions have become increasingly apparent. Life is full of contradictions and pressures, and everyone may have mental and psychological problems at some point. As a policeman who maintains social stability, due to the particularity of his profession, there are psychological problems in his life and work to varying degrees, mainly in the following aspects:
(a), tension, anxiety, fear, the "string" in my heart is always tight.
The police profession is different from the general profession and belongs to the "three highs" profession with high pressure, high danger and high stress. According to statistics, China police work 32.5 hours overtime every week on average, totaling 130 working days throughout the year. The high-intensity workload directly threatens the police's body and mind. In addition, the police will pay the price of blood at any time when chasing and intercepting criminals; Unpredictable situations occur from time to time when performing patrol and inventory tasks; The horror scene of criminal and traffic accidents, the death of peers and the injured, etc. , is bound to make the police often in a state of high tension. A large number of examples and studies have proved that both real and imaginary dangerous situations will make people nervous and fearful, and imaginary indirect dangerous situations are more dangerous and terrible than actual ones. There are potential dangers when the police are on duty, patrolling and appearing at the scene. The potential danger must be reflected in the mind of the police. In order not to spare a criminal, the police must always be on high alert. The danger of police work is not only to be in danger, but also to be ready to leave at any time and prepare for the crisis. This intense stimulation is actually a kind of destruction to his body and mind. In the long run, there will be psychological barriers of tension, anxiety and fear.
(2), depression, depression, indifference to others and life.
Psychological research shows that the police have seen and heard more ugly things in their first three years in office than the average person has seen in his life. Their work characteristics determine that they often deal with people who wander on the edge of the law. Take the traffic police as an example. In the process of law enforcement on duty, traffic police often have direct contact with offenders. Some illegal acts do not realize their mistakes, but are extremely dissatisfied with the punishment taken by the public security traffic police, ranging from not cooperating with the police to cynicism and even swearing. Heavy responsibilities hit the police. Some offenders even find their relatives and friends to bully the police. When triggered by the police, some offenders found "relevant persons" to put pressure on the police. Living in such an environment for a long time, the police become depressed, lack confidence in others and life, and become indifferent and realistic.
(3) Emotions become excited, agitated and uncontrollable.
The increasing workload, the serious shortage of police force and the pressure of "solving the case" make it common for the police to work around the clock. According to statistics, each policeman has to work more than the average person 130 working days a year. Overworked work, extremely irregular life and highly nervous spirit can not be relieved in time, which leads to the long-term excitement of the cerebral cortex of some police officers, their emotions become irritable and their self-control ability declines. In the process of law enforcement on duty, it is easy to quarrel with the parties, and the attitude is "cold, hard, horizontal and pushing". Some policemen even quarrel with their clients because of a trivial matter.
(4), work interest and enthusiasm decline.
The police work actively for social stability and often shed blood and sacrifice. However, due to the social definition of "public security police", the death of the police often becomes a matter of course, and the work of the police can not be understood and supported by the masses. Due to some mistakes and one-sided understanding of the police by the public at present, the public complains and accuses more about the work of the police, watching and avoiding more; Do not participate in social security, dodge more; If you are dissatisfied with the public security work, you will have more comments. It is considered that the police should solve the case, but once the case fails, it is considered incompetent. Due to the special position of the police in the professional group, it is bound to be widely supervised by the society, and the work pressure of the police will also increase. In particular, some people belittle, slander and slander in the name of supervision, and the police are full of grievances and have nowhere to tell. They are frustrated and confused about what they can do to satisfy the people, and their interest and enthusiasm for work have also decreased.
Thirdly, the mediation of police psychological problems.
Due to the characteristics of the police profession, the mediation of police psychological problems has become one of the concerns of the whole society. Then, how should public security organs at all levels and the general public security police mediate to maintain the mental health of the police? The author makes a simple discussion from the following angles.
(1) The public security department should create and improve an atmosphere conducive to the mental health of the police.
1. Improve "preferential treatment for police"
The psychological problems of grass-roots police are, to a great extent, the true reflection of society and their own working environment. To solve this problem, public security organs at all levels should make overall plans and plans, leaving relatively loose time and space for grassroots police to adjust their status. Strive to create a pleasant working environment. Give the broad masses of police officers room to exert their subjective initiative, do not impose the "intentions" of leaders and superiors on the grassroots, engage in high-handed policies, and arrange for grassroots police to take vacations on time in a planned way. If there are no special circumstances, try to let them take full leave, so that grassroots police can rest and accompany their families with peace of mind.
2. Pay attention to the mental health of the police.
In addition, public security organs at all levels should also attach importance to the police's mental health education, incorporate it into the annual education, offer mental health education courses, hire psychologists, set up psychological consultation rooms, establish psychological files for the police, and carry out psychological consultation activities for the police's psychological problems. Grasp the mental health status of the police in time and understand the psychology of the police in various periods.
(B), constantly adjust the bad psychology, enhance their own "immunity."
1. Learn relaxation training and master some self-relaxation skills.
Relaxation training is a self-regulating method and an effective means to enhance self-control ability through active relaxation of the body. Through repeated practice, people can learn to consciously control their physical and psychological activities, reduce the level of physical arousal, enhance their adaptability, adjust the physical and psychological obstacles caused by excessive tension, and play a preventive and therapeutic role. Ordinary police can learn relaxation skills in their spare time. When stress events appear and the stress experience is gradually enhanced, they can use some relaxation techniques to relieve stress and improve their psychological quality.
2. Establish good family relationships and interpersonal relationships.
A warm and harmonious family relationship is a good haven for family members. A happy family life and close relationship with spouses have an important influence on the mental health of the police. Being loved, needed and praised by family members helps to restore self-image, so that the police can enjoy a warm and safe family life and feel relaxed, which is the best place to relieve pressure. Establishing good interpersonal relationships is also a good way to keep healthy. Many jobs of the police pay attention to teamwork. If you can't get along with others happily, it will lead to work failure, emotional shock and psychological pressure. Good coordination, support and cooperation between people are the ties, and emotional accommodation is the bridge. Friendly care, understanding and appreciation will become the driving force of positive, healthy and happy individual psychology.
3. Do some psychological counseling in time.
If the police think that their emotions are in a state of crisis, excessive anxiety, depression, serious emotional problems, suicidal thoughts and excessive aggression against life, they should provide psychological counseling and treatment in time, and let the psychologist give you psychological massage to help you resolve psychological pressure.