First, multiple-choice questions:
1, the principle of tissue culture is
A. plants are composed of cells. Totipotency of plant cells
C. Totipotency of plant tissues D. Totipotency of plant organs
2, distributed in Xinjiang, belong to the national second-class protected animals are
A. bee B. Apollo butterfly C. silkworm D. dragonfly
3, the following belongs to the protective color is
A. Cactus lives in the desert, and its leaves become thorns.
B. the colored spots on the epidermis of some poisonous snakes.
C. plants living in the desert have grown roots.
D. polar bears have white body hair.
A couple gave birth to a girl for the first time and wanted to have a boy very much. What is the probability of having a boy in the second birth?
0% B.25% C.50% D. 100%
5. Genetic variation refers to: ① changes caused by external environment, ② changes in genes, ③ changes in chromosome number,
④DNA changes
A.①②③ B. ①②④ C. ②③④ D. ①③④
6. A pair of normal parents have an albino child. If they want another child, what is the possibility of albinism?
a . 0 b . 1 c . 1/4d . 1/2
7. A cat's somatic cell has 38 chromosomes, so the number of chromosomes in a cat's fertilized egg is
A.38 for B. 19 for C. 19 for D.76
8. In the process of exploring the variation of peanut fruit size, plans should not be made and implemented.
A. Random sampling B. Less than 30 samples
C. select and design appropriate measuring tools and methods.
D, the measurement results are represented by graphs or histograms.
9, the following does not belong to the relative character is
A. pea stems have tall stems and short stems. B. Drosophila has red eyes and white eyes.
C. dogs have curly hair and straight hair. D. rabbits have long hair and coarse hair.
10. It is known that the double eyelid gene is dominant gene B and the single eyelid gene is recessive gene B. Li Ming's father is double eyelid, his mother is single eyelid and Li Ming is double eyelid. Please analyze the genetic composition of Li Ming.
A.Bb B.Bb C.Bb or BB D.BB or BB
1 1, agricultural breeders often irradiate the seeds of some crops with radioactive elements, and then choose new crop varieties that are more beneficial to human beings. In essence, the treatment of radioactive elements can change crops.
A. Traits B. Living habits C. Living environment D. Genetic material
12, the following are genetic diseases.
A. albinism, hemophilia and color blindness
C color blindness, dental caries, scurvy, pneumonia and influenza
13. Patients bitten by mad dogs should be injected with rabies antiviral serum. The injected substances and measures are called respectively.
A. antigen, eliminate the source of infection B. antigen, protect susceptible people
C. antibody, control the source of infection D. antibody, protect the susceptible population
14, the following belong to nonspecific immunity.
A. no longer infected with measles after suffering from measles B. bactericidal effect of lysozyme in saliva
C. Vaccinia vaccination to prevent smallpox D. BCG vaccination to prevent tuberculosis
15, AIDS is the abbreviation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. At present, there are no effective therapeutic drugs, but they can be prevented. The following precautions are incorrect.
A. lead an honest and clean life and put an end to bad behavior. B. it is forbidden to import contaminated blood and blood products.
C. It is forbidden to use unclean needles for subcutaneous injection D. The disease can be prevented by vaccination.
16. For arterial bleeding, first dial "120" for emergency help. You can use your fingers to stop bleeding, and the place where your fingers are pressed should be the injured blood vessel.
A. Proximal end (above the wound) B. Distal end (below the wound)
C. Both ends D. Near or far end
17, the most important and effective way to rest is
A. Listening to music B. Sleeping C. Walking D. Close your eyes
18, spitting everywhere is easy to cause infection of that infectious disease.
A. Hepatitis B, AIDS, tuberculosis and tetanus
19, where primitive life was formed?
A. Primitive ocean B. Primitive atmosphere C. Rainwater D. Crater
20, archaeopteryx body structure characteristics show that birds evolved from ().
A. Amphibians B. Reptiles C. Ancient amphibians D. Ancient reptiles
2 1. It is found that with the increase of service life, it is more and more effective to use certain pesticides to prevent certain pests in farmland.
Poor, the explanation of this phenomenon, the right is
A. pesticides make pests resistant to pesticides.
Insecticides choose the variation among pests that can resist pesticides.
C. Pests will naturally occur and consolidate their resistance to pesticide variation.
D. The quality of pesticides is getting worse and worse
22. A paleontologist insisted on raising a species after studying the fossils in an undisturbed rock layer. He believes that this species has not changed in a long historical period because he found that.
A. Fossils of this substance appear in older rock formations.
B.the fossils of this species only appear in relatively new rock formations.
C. fossils of this species appear in newer and older rock formations.
D. the fossil of this species has never appeared in the rock layer.
23, Darwin's masterpiece, with the theory of natural selection successfully explained the cause of biological evolution, this masterpiece is
A. evolution B. artificial selection C. origin of species D. natural selection
24, the most reliable and direct evidence in the process of biological evolution is
A. Strata B. Fossils C. Volcanic eruption D. Magma
25. What is the hardest thing to find in Inner Mongolia grassland?
A. hare b eagle c frog d locust
Second, fill in the blanks:
26. When someone stops breathing due to drowning, be sure to dial "120" as soon as possible. Before the ambulance arrives, take some necessary treatment measures according to the illness and injury, such as _ _ chest compressions and _ _ artificial respiration.
27, during the epidemic of infectious diseases should pay attention to protect susceptible people, don't let susceptible people come into contact with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
28. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yolk in bird eggs is the main nutrient component of egg cells, and there is a disc-shaped white spot in the center of its surface. It is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
29. The heredity and variation of living things are realized by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
30._ _ After the pathogen invades the human body, it stimulates lymphocytes, which will produce a kind of _ _ _ protein to resist it, which is called antibody. The substance that causes the human body to produce antibodies (such as pathogens and other foreign bodies) is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
3 1. The development of silkworm goes through four stages: egg, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
32. In order to prevent bird flu from spreading among people, experts advise people to stay away from poultry secretions and try to avoid contact with chickens, ducks and other poultry. To eat poultry meat, thoroughly cook it and keep indoor air circulation; Keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, and ensure smooth drainage channels. The above measures belong to _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Third, true or false:
33. When grafting, the epidermis of scion and rootstock should be closely combined. ( × )
34. The genetic unit that controls biological traits is genes. ( √ )
35. Reproduction by cutting branches of Chinese rose flowers is sexual reproduction. ( × )
36, close relatives get married, and the chances of offspring suffering from genetic diseases are greatly increased. ( √)
37. Health is a good state of physical, psychological and social adaptation. ( √)
38, wild birds into poultry, is the result of natural selection. ( × )
39. In the early stage of infectious diseases, pathogens multiply in patients and are the most contagious. ( √ )
40. The main determinant of having a boy or a girl is the mother's sex chromosome. ( ×)
4 1, mammals are higher than reptiles, so the fossils of mammals appear in the strata earlier than reptiles. ( × )
42. Natural selection is usually very slow. ( √ )
Fourth, short answer questions:
43. Heredity and variation are common phenomena in biology. Chromosome is the carrier of genetic material. Please observe the picture carefully and answer the questions according to what you have learned. (***7 points)
Figure (1) Figure (2)
(1) Diagram (1) shows chromosomes in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) Figure (2) A is a chromosome, mainly composed of "D" _ _ protein _ _ and "C" _ _ DNA _ _, and the fragment with specific genetic effect on C is called _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) In the figure (1), if the 23rd pair can be represented as XY, then this person is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Please read the following instructions and then answer this question. (***8 points)
Instructions for over-the-counter Chuanxinlian Tablets
"drug name" pierces the heart
Chinese pinyin chuanxinlian tablets
The "ingredients" are andrographis paniculata and the auxiliary materials are dextrin and starch.
Indications: clearing away heat and toxic materials for sore throat.
"Usage and Dosage" is taken orally, 2~3 tablets at a time, 3~4 times a day.
[Precautions] 1. Avoid alcohol, tobacco, spicy and greasy food.
2. Those with hoarseness, sore throat, aversion to cold and fever, runny nose, runny nose and other exogenous cold should not be used.
Specification: Each tablet contains 0. 105g of andrographis paniculata extract.
"Storage" seal.
Packing specification: 80 tablets per bottle,
Packing material: high density polyethylene.
"Validity" until April 2008.
"Approval Document Number" National Medicine Zhunzi z4402 1764
Guangzhou Baiyun Mountain Hutchison Whampoa Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd.
(1) The drugs are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (Chinese medicine and western medicine).
(2) It is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) The preservation requirement of this drug is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) The expiration date of this medicine is April 2008, which means it can be used until April 30, 2008.
(5) When using drugs safely, we must pay attention to the functional indications (functions and uses), specifications, approval number, manufacturer, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
45. The figure below shows the general process of biological evolution. Please answer the questions according to the pictures. (5)
(1) birds and [1] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Are all from the original [4] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) gymnosperms and [3] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
This is a primitive fern.
(3) Please give an example of an existing animal belonging to [4] _ _ _ _ _ _.
2007-2008
I. Single choice
1. When grafting, the grafted bud or branch is called
A. rootstock B. scion C. layering D. cutting
2. The meaning of double breathing is
A. The lungs are respiratory organs, and the skin has the function of assisting breathing.
B. inhale the gas and then exhale. One breath is called double breathing.
C larvae breathe through gills and adults breathe through lungs.
D, every breath, air passes through the lungs twice for gas exchange.
3. The reason of biological evolution is that
A. Overbreeding
B. the organism has produced favorable variation.
C. combined effects of favorable variation, natural selection and heredity
D. Genetically advantageous variation
4. The principle of tissue culture is as follows
A. plants are composed of cells. Totipotency of plant cells
C. Totipotency of plant tissues D. Totipotency of plant organs
5. Among the following birds, which belong to the national first-class protected animals are
A. Red-crowned crane owl magpie weaver
6. The following are genetic diseases
A. albinism, hemophilia and color blindness
C color blindness, dental caries, scurvy, pneumonia and influenza
7. The most important and effective way to rest is
A. Listening to music B. Sleeping C. Walking D. Close your eyes
8. Agricultural breeders often irradiate the seeds of some crops with radioactive elements and then choose new crop varieties that are more beneficial to human beings. Essentially, the treatment of radioactive elements can change the quality of crops.
A. Traits B. Living habits C. Living environment D. Genetic material
9. What is the earliest real terrestrial vertebrate on the earth?
A. Ancient fishes B. Ancient amphibians
C. Ancient reptiles D. Primitive birds and mammals
10. In most cases, some species are extinct because.
A.b. food shortage
C. Can't adapt to the changed environment D. Changes in genetic material
1 1. Some living animals still keep almost the same shape as they did a million years ago. The best explanation for this phenomenon is that
A.these animals have been mutating.
B.these animals evolved into simple animals.
C. these animals reproduce through sexual reproduction.
D. the living environment of these animals has not changed much.
12. The structural characteristics of Archaeopteryx show that birds evolved from ().
A. Amphibians B. Reptiles
C. Ancient amphibians D. Ancient reptiles
13. In nature, the most advanced and complex flora is
A. Angiosperms B. Ferns
C. gymnosperms
14. In addition, it is the influence of alcohol on the human body.
A. Seriously damage the liver B. Promote wound healing
C. brain injury D. affecting fetal development
15. Everything else is related to drug abuse.
A. damage people's memory and attention
B. damage to human lungs, respiratory paralysis and death.
C. endemic goiter
D. reduce human immune function
16. What infectious diseases are easily caused by spitting?
A. Tuberculosis, AIDS, Hepatitis, Tetanus
17. Every time you give artificial respiration to an adult, you need to do () heart compression.
A. 1 to 2 times B.4 to 5 times C.7 to 8 times D. 10 to 15 times.
18. A couple gave birth to a girl for the first time and wanted to have another boy. What are the chances of having a boy for the second time?
0% B.25% C.50% D. 100%
19. The following description of frog reproductive development is correct.
A. oviposition, in vivo fertilization and aquatic development
B. hermaphroditism, in vivo fertilization, metamorphosis, water development
C. viviparous, in vitro fertilization, water development
D. oviposition, in vitro fertilization, metamorphosis and development in water
20. China's marriage law prohibits consanguineous marriage, and its scientific truth is that
A. offspring may have genetic diseases. B. all offspring will have genetic diseases.
C. The probability of offspring getting genetic diseases increases. D. The survival rate of offspring is very low.
2 1. The correct meaning of health is
A. The limbs are sound and free from diseases.
B. Physical health, mental health
C. Strong body and happy mood
D. Good physical, psychological and social adaptation
22. The number of chromosomes in human eggs, sperm, fertilized eggs and somatic cells is
A: 23, 23, 46, 46
C.46、46、23、23
23. There are 20 chromosomes in maize mesophyll cells, so the chromosome numbers of pollen grains, sperm and egg cells are respectively
A. 10 pair, 10 pair, 10 pair B. 10, 10 pair.
C. 10, 10, 10 D. 10, 10, 10.
24. The albino gene is H, Xiaoming's parents are normal, and Xiaoming is an albino. What is the genetic composition of Xiaoming's parents?
A.HH and HH B.Hh and HH
C.Hh and Hh D.HH and Hh
25. The following are not part of the primitive atmosphere.
A. water vapor, methane B. methane, ammonia
C. Water vapor and ammonia D. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Second, fill in the blanks:
26. The most basic link in the continuation and development of life in the biosphere is that organisms continue to survive through generations of reproduction and development.
27. Humans use the principle of _ _ genetic variation to cultivate new varieties. The method of cultivating new rice varieties in Yuan Longping is _ _ _ _.
28. The most important structure in a flower is the stamen, including the pistil and the stamen.
29. The embryo in the seeds of sunflower and Yulai is developed by combining bisexual germ cells into a fertilized egg, which is composed of fertilized eggs.
The reproductive mode of developing into a new individual belongs to sexual reproduction.
30. The Human Genome Project aims to identify all the genes in the _ _ _ _ __DNA__ molecule of human chromosomes and interpret the genetic information they contain.
Information.
3 1. Various characteristics of organisms are controlled by _ _ genes. The genetic essence of traits is that parents pass _ gene to _ offspring through reproductive process.
32. "OTC" means _ _ OTC. Safe medication refers to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Third, true or false:
33. When grafting, the epidermis of scion and rootstock should be closely combined. (6)
34. that genetic unit that control biological characteristics is gene. (ton)
35. Different kinds of organisms have different chromosome forms and numbers in cells. (ton)
36. The seeds of the "flag tree" on Huangshan Mountain have developed into descendants of the "flag tree". (6)
37. The direct evidence for studying the evolution of life on Earth is fossils. (ton)
38. The boiling water in the experimental device designed by Miller is equivalent to the primitive earth. (6)
39. Insect (T) is the animal with the largest species and quantity on the earth, which is closely related to human beings.
40. The giant salamander in Xinjiang has lived in water all his life, so it is not an amphibian. (6)
4 1. Butterflies are adults and caterpillars are larvae. (ton)
42. The way flies develop is incomplete metamorphosis. (6)
Four, short answer (write the answer on the answer sheet, each empty 1 point, ***20 points)
43.( 10) The following figure shows the structure of bird eggs. (Figure omitted)
The (1) 5 in the figure is _ _ _ _, including _ _ _ _.
(2) In the figure, 5, [] _ _ _ and yolk membrane form an egg cell.
(3) 3 in the figure is _ _ _ _ _, which is used to protect egg cells and provide _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ for the development of _ _ _ _.
(4) [1] _ _ _ There are many invisible _ _ _.
(5) After the eggs are laid, the embryo development stops, and it can only continue to develop after the parents hatch the eggs, and finally develop into chicks. such
Phenomenon shows that the fertilized eggs of oviparous animals mainly develop outside the mother's body and are greatly influenced by _ _ _ _.
44.(3 points) Cytochrome C is a ubiquitous protein, and researchers have arranged its amino acids.
As shown in the following table, the determination shows the number of amino acids different from these organisms in the same composition of protein (cytochrome C).
Biological Name Chimpanzee, Horse Chicken, Drosophila, Rhodotorula Triticum.
The amino acid difference with human is 0 12 13 27 35 44 65.
(1) The fact that all animals and plants have cytochrome C can explain _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) In the above example, the closest biological relationship with human beings is _ _ _ _ _, and the farthest is _ _ _ _.
45.(7 points) Someone has done the following experiments:
Experiment A: Take live avian influenza virus and inject it into a chicken. Soon, the chicken died.
Experiment B: Inject inactivated avian influenza virus into another chicken. A few weeks later, take a live avian influenza virus and inject it into.
It survived.
Answer according to the above experiment:
(1) B experiment shows that chickens have _ _ _ kinds of immunity to avian influenza virus, and the immunity produced by chickens is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) The planned immunization of human beings is equivalent to the _ _ _ experiment in the above experiment.
(3) The role of chicken in Experiment A is _ _ _ _.
(4) Chickens with viruses are _ _ _ _ for healthy people, and healthy people can be called _ _ _ _ _. Incinerate or bury sick chickens.
Belong to the infectious disease prevention measures are _ _ _.