Infantile period is the fastest period of physical growth and development, and there must be rich and digestible nutrients to meet the needs. However, at this time, the digestive function is not yet mature, and babies are prone to digestive disorders, diarrhea, malnutrition and other diseases. Therefore, we should advocate exclusive breastfeeding until 4-6 months, partial breastfeeding or artificial feeding, and correctly choose milk formula and add complementary food from 4 months to prepare for weaning. Regular physical examination facilitates early detection of iron deficiency anemia, rickets and other diseases. Insist on outdoor activities, carry out air bathing, sunbathing and passive gymnastics, and promote their perceptual development with toys with sound, light and color. Complete the basic immunization according to the planned immunization program.
Second, child care.
Because of children's psychological activities in this period, especially the development of self-awareness, as well as their curiosity and imitation of the surrounding environment, they are easily taken care of by adults and inhibit the development of their independent ability. Therefore, in addition to providing children with rich nutrition, we should also pay attention to training children's self-feeding ability and paying attention to language communication with children. It is necessary to promote children's language development and brain motor ability development through games, storytelling, singing, etc., cultivate children's self-living ability, arrange a regular life, and develop good living habits, such as sleeping, eating, defecating, bathing, playing games, outdoor activities, etc. We should have a physical examination every 3-6 months to prevent dental caries and screen for hearing and vision abnormalities.
Third, pre-school health care.
The rapid development of preschool children's intelligence and the expansion of independent activities are the key periods for their personality formation. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the education of preschool children. We should pay attention to the study habits, imagination and thinking ability during the training period, so that they can have good psychological quality, strengthen their physique through games and sports activities, and learn to abide by the rules and communicate with people in games. Physical examination should be conducted 1-2 times a year to screen and correct common diseases such as vision, dental caries, iron deficiency anemia and parasites. Ensure adequate nutrition and prevent accidents such as trauma, drowning, taking drugs by mistake and food poisoning.
Fourth, school-age and adolescent health care.
Children in this period have a strong thirst for knowledge, which is also the second peak of physical development. Therefore, we should provide suitable study conditions, cultivate good study habits, strengthen quality education and carry out physical exercise, which can not only enhance physical fitness, but also cultivate children's perseverance and spirit of struggle. Arrange life reasonably, provide adequate nutrition, prevent the occurrence of common diseases such as ametropia, dental caries and iron deficiency anemia, conduct legal education, learn traffic rules and accident prevention knowledge, and reduce the occurrence of disability. Correct sex education should be carried out in adolescence, so that they can have a correct and healthy understanding physically and psychologically.
How to prevent accidental injury of children
Relevant sampling survey shows that the child deaths caused by accidental injuries account for 26. 1% of the total child deaths in China. Accidental injury has become the number one "child killer" in China. Injured children, there are not a few children who are disabled and killed by accidental injuries every year. How to prevent the baby from accidental injury? Start from four aspects:
1. Prevent traffic accidents: avoid the baby's head, hands and body sticking out of the window when riding; Sit in the back row and fasten your seat belt; Lock the door to prevent the baby from opening the door switch; Avoid going out for a walk at the peak of complicated traffic conditions; Don't let the baby walk alone on the road; Go to the road with your baby without pets to avoid distraction and danger.
2. Prevent drowning: Don't leave your baby alone in the bathtub or next to the washing machine you are using; Choose swimming places with qualified security guards and professional ambulance personnel; Pay attention to the water near your home after the rain; Go to the water park to play, even if you leave for a minute, you should hold your baby away from the pool. Cover the fish tank and bucket at home.
3. Prevent falling: The handrail of stairs must be firm and easy to grasp; There is enough light at the steps to avoid collision or stepping on the air if you can't see it; Keep the ground dry and tidy to avoid slipping or tripping; Choose game equipment suitable for your baby's age, height and weight; To play outdoors, you must first check whether the game equipment is firm.
4. Prevent the occurrence of tracheal foreign bodies: put small foreign bodies in the baby's activity range, such as buttons and coins; Babies under 3 years old should be careful to eat nuts, beans and sticky foods (glutinous rice balls, jelly, etc. ); Don't talk when the baby is eating, don't make him laugh; You'd better walk without food in your mouth.