The blood donation law advocates that the age range of blood donors is 18 ~ 55 years old, but this is an "advocacy" rather than a "hard limit". If you are old and strong, even if you are 60 years old, you can still donate a bag of blood.
2. Physical indicators meet the standards.
Blood pressure: 12-20/8- 12kPa, pulse pressure difference: ≥4kPa or 90mmhg-140mmhg/60mmhg-90mmhg, pulse pressure difference: ≥30mmHg. Pulse: 60- 100 beats/min, high endurance athletes ≥50 beats/min.
Step 3 be healthy
There was no jaundice, wound infection, extensive dermatosis and obvious swelling of superficial lymph nodes. There is no serious disease in the five senses, no yellow staining in the sclera and no goiter in the thyroid gland. There is no serious disability in limbs, no serious dysfunction, and no redness and swelling in joints.
Extended data
Blood donation standard
You can donate blood.
1. Age: 18-55 years old (you can apply for extending the blood donation period).
2. Weight: male ≥ 50kg, female ≥ 45kg.
3. Blood pressure: 12-20/8- 12kpa, pulse pressure difference: ≥4kpa or 90mmhg-140mmhg/60mmhg-90mmhg, pulse pressure difference: ≥30mmhg.
4. Pulse: 60- 100 beats/min, and high endurance athletes ≥50 beats/min.
5. The temperature is normal.
No blood donation
1, patients with viral hepatitis, hepatitis B surface antigen positive, hepatitis C virus antibody positive.
2. Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
3. High-risk groups susceptible to HIV infection, such as drug addicts, homosexuals and multiple sexual partners.
4. Patients with leprosy and sexually transmitted diseases, such as syphilis and gonorrhea.
5. The blood of the donor causes the recipient to suffer from infectious diseases related to blood transfusion.
6, allergic diseases and recurrent allergic patients, such as recurrent urticaria, bronchial asthma, drug allergy (simple urticaria acute attack can not donate blood).
7, all kinds of tuberculosis patients, such as tuberculosis, renal tuberculosis, lymphoid tuberculosis and bone tuberculosis.
8. Patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as various heart diseases, hypertension, hypotension, myocarditis and thrombophlebitis.
9. Patients with respiratory diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis and pulmonary insufficiency.
10, patients with digestive system diseases, such as severe gastric and duodenal ulcer, chronic gastroenteritis, chronic pancreatitis, etc.
1 1, patients with urinary diseases, such as acute and chronic nephritis, chronic urinary tract infection, nephrotic syndrome, acute and chronic renal insufficiency, etc.
12, patients with hematological diseases, such as anemia, leukemia, polycythemia vera and various bleeding and coagulation diseases.
13, patients with endocrine diseases or metabolic disorders, such as pituitary and adrenal diseases, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, diabetes insipidus, diabetes, etc.
14, patients with organic nervous system diseases or mental diseases, such as encephalitis, sequelae of brain trauma, epilepsy, schizophrenia, hysteria, severe neurasthenia, etc.
15, patients with parasites and endemic diseases, such as leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, filariasis, hookworm disease, cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, etc.
16, patients with various malignant tumors and benign tumors that affect their health.
17, who has been operated on to remove important internal organs such as stomach, kidney, spleen and lung.
18. Patients with chronic skin diseases, especially infectious, allergic and inflammatory systemic skin diseases, such as chloasma, eczema and psoriasis.
19, patients with ophthalmic diseases, such as keratitis, optic neuritis, high myopia with fundus changes.
20, autoimmune diseases and collagen diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, etc.
2 1, patients with creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and those with family history, or those who are treated with tissues or tissue derivatives (such as dura mater, cornea and human pituitary growth hormone, etc.). ) may be infected with the pathogen of creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
22, some patients with occupational diseases, such as radiation diseases, pneumoconiosis and acute and chronic poisoning caused by harmful gases and toxic substances.
It is not recommended to donate blood if the glasses exceed 600 degrees to prevent retinal detachment.
not yet
1, less than half a month after tooth extraction or other minor operations; Appendectomy, hernia repair and tonsillectomy within three months; Less than half a year after major surgery.
2. Three days before and after menstruation, less than six months after pregnancy and abortion, and less than one year after childbirth and breastfeeding.
3. Those who have recovered from cold and acute gastroenteritis for less than a week, acute urinary tract infection for less than a month, and pneumonia for less than three months.
4. Some infectious diseases: for example, dysentery recovered less than half a year, typhoid fever recovered less than one year, brucellosis recovered less than two years, and malaria recovered less than three years.
5. Less than one week after the local inflammation of the skin healed, and less than two weeks after the extensive inflammation healed.
6, oral inhibition or damage to platelet function drugs (such as aspirin or aspirin drugs) less than five days after stopping the drug.
7. Transfusion of whole blood and blood component in recent five years.
8. Injuries or wounds caused by equipment contaminated with blood or tissue fluid, and less than one year after tattoo surgery.
9, there is a history of close contact with patients with infectious diseases, from the date of contact to the longest incubation period of the disease.
Matters needing attention
1. Blood is a red liquid that constantly flows in blood vessels and heart. Under normal circumstances, the total amount of blood in a person is about 8% of his body weight. An adult weighing 50 kilograms has about 4000 milliliters of blood all over his body.
2. Blood consists of tangible components and plasma. There are three visible components, namely red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
3. Scientists have determined that the life span of red blood cells in human blood is about 120 days.
4. Up to 1995, 23 red blood cell blood group systems have been found in the world, among which ABO blood group system is the most closely related to blood transfusion. 192 1 year, the world health organization officially named ABO blood group system as four blood groups: A, B, AB and O.
5. Implementation date of People's Republic of China (PRC) Blood Donation Law 1998 65438+ 10/.
6. The Blood Donation Law clearly stipulates the weight of blood donors, in which the weight of male citizens should reach 50 kg and that of female citizens should reach 45 kg.
7. Citizens can donate whole blood or blood component, and the interval between donating whole blood and blood component should reach 6 months and half a month.
8. Citizens' blood donation must undergo strict health examination, including physical examination and blood test. Only citizens who have passed the health examination can donate blood.
9. The earliest person who discovered blood type was Austrian medical scientist Karl Landsteiner. His discovery opened the door to safe blood transfusion and brought new life to hundreds of millions of people all over the world. "World Blood Donor Day" is determined by his birthday 14.
10, World Blood Donor Day was decided by the World Health Organization, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the International Federation of Blood Donation Organizations and the International Blood Transfusion Association in 2004.
1 1. Blood has four functions for human body: (1) transport function, which transports oxygen, water and various nutrients to tissues and cells in various parts of the body; (2) Keep the body's pH relatively constant; (3) regulating body temperature; (4) Resist the harm of harmful substances to human body.
12, and plasma accounts for about 55% of the whole blood. Most of the plasma is water, accounting for more than 90%, and the rest is various protein, organic and inorganic substances.
Protein, iron, copper, folic acid and vitamin B 12 are needed to make blood. Protein is the main raw material for making blood, and iron is an important component in red blood cells. Folic acid and vitamin B 12 can promote the development and maturation of blood cells. These raw materials are not lacking in normal people. As long as you eat normally, you can ensure normal supply.
14, the fetus when the mother is pregnant also has blood type.
15, many people think that blood type is related to personality. For example, people with type A blood are rational, people with type B blood are optimistic and enthusiastic, and people with type O blood are more confident and firm. In fact, the difference of blood type only depends on some polysaccharides on the surface of red blood cells. Experiments show that the use of several special enzymes can transform type B blood into type A blood in a short time, so there is no scientific basis for saying that blood type is related to personality.
16, whole blood refers to all components of blood, including all components of blood cells and plasma.
17, normal blood can be regenerated. Therefore, some people say that the blood in the body will be reduced forever after blood donation, which will hurt the "vitality", which is incorrect.
18. Healthy people do not need to postpone blood donation after receiving hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis A vaccine immunization; However, people who receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin injections can donate blood one year later.
19, you can donate blood four weeks after the last rabies vaccine; After being bitten by rabies, you can donate blood one year after the last rabies vaccine.
20, three days before and after the menstrual period of women temporarily unable to donate blood.
2 1, one month after the recovery of acute urinary tract infection and three months after the recovery of pneumonia before blood donation.
22, appendicitis surgery, hernia repair and tonsil surgery for three months, six months after major surgery can donate blood.
People who have lost whole blood or blood components due to illness within 5 years may not donate blood.
24. The state implements the system of voluntary blood donation, on the one hand, to ensure that patients can get healthy and safe blood, on the other hand, to strictly regulate the behavior of blood collection and supply units and ensure the health of blood donors.
25. Blood-related equipment shall undergo strict disinfection, and all instruments that come into contact with blood shall be disposable, and shall be destroyed after use. Therefore, blood donation without compensation is safe and will not infect diseases.
26. The Blood Donation Law stipulates that blood donors and their immediate family members who do not enjoy free medical treatment and labor insurance medical treatment can enjoy all or part of free blood use when they need blood due to illness.
27. Human beings have mastered blood transfusion technology for nearly a hundred years. According to scientists' research, regular blood donation by healthy people is beneficial to health, which can enhance human hematopoietic function, reduce blood lipid and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
28. Not all people who have suffered from hepatitis can't donate blood. If they must have had hepatitis B or C, they can't donate blood. But after a year of clinical cure, you can donate blood three times in a row, with an interval of one month.
29, component blood transfusion can be multi-purpose, save blood, but also can reduce the patient's blood transfusion reaction.
30, all unpaid blood donors have the right to be commended and rewarded, but should not deliberately ask for material returns.
3 1, blood donation in China should be registered with real identity, and blood donors should not impersonate others to donate blood.
32. There are few people in rare blood group, so once rare blood group patients need blood transfusion, it is easy to get enough blood in time because of the shortage of suitable blood donors. In order to avoid this situation, most places adopt the method of establishing a team of unpaid blood donors in rare blood group.
According to the blood donation law, China's voluntary blood donation system is to encourage qualified people to actively participate in blood donation.
34. The Law on Blood Donation stipulates that China implements the system of blood donation without compensation, that is, citizens donate blood without compensation, and citizens need to pay for blood collection, testing and storage for clinical use.
35, transaminase is an important indicator to detect whether the liver is damaged. When donating blood, transaminase was found to be high, which may not be hepatitis.
36. The Law on Blood Donation advocates that some people should set an example by donating blood without compensation. They are college students, civil servants and soldiers.
37. Persons who have undergone resection of stomach, kidney, spleen, lung and other organs and have recovered shall not donate blood.
38. Nowadays, many people are nearsighted, and patients with eye diseases should also donate blood. Patients with keratitis, iritis and optic neuritis are not allowed to donate blood, nor are they allowed to donate blood for high myopia with changed eyes.
39. The state has strict quality standards for materials used for blood collection in blood donation, among which needles and blood bags that come into contact with human body or blood cannot be reused, and can only be used once and then destroyed.
40. A few people failed the blood test during the blood donation health examination, but when they went to the hospital for examination, they found that the test was normal. The correct explanation is that for the sake of blood safety, the testing standards of blood stations and hospitals are inconsistent, and unqualified is not necessarily sick.
4 1. The purpose of "World Blood Donor Day" is to express gratitude to all blood donors for their selfless dedication to life on this special day through this activity.
42. The Law on Blood Donation stipulates that the duty of Red Cross Societies at all levels in blood donation is to participate in and promote blood donation according to law.
43. Regular blood donation can promote human metabolism, enhance immunity and disease resistance.
44. You can't donate blood for less than five days after taking drugs that inhibit or damage platelet function (such as aspirin or aspirin).
As for people who love drinking, they can donate blood as long as they don't drink one or two days before donating blood and pass the health examination.
46. Blood donation will not have any effect on weight. Drink a glass of water after donating blood, and the lost blood will be replenished soon.
47. Citizens who have already taken platelets by machine (apheresis) can donate whole blood around after taking platelets by machine.
48. Generally, a person's blood volume will reach a normal level within a few hours after donating blood.
49. The difference between donating whole blood and donating blood component is that donating blood component is a process of collecting one blood component (such as platelets) through a blood cell separator and returning other blood components to the donor.
50. Normal people will have some blood cells aging and dying at all times, and at the same time there will be corresponding blood cell regeneration, so the total blood volume of people is always in a state of dynamic balance.
5 1. People with the following diseases are not allowed to donate blood:
(1) anemia; (2) leukemia; (3) schistosomiasis; (4) tuberculosis; (5) AIDS.
52. Before donating blood, citizens should fill in the "Blood Donor Health Inquiry Form" and truthfully fill in all the consultation contents, including the following living habits:
(1) Have you ever taken drugs; (2) whether there is a history of homosexuality; (3) Whether there are multiple sexual partners.
53. Citizens who have the following circumstances are temporarily unable to donate blood:
(1) Tooth extraction or other minor operations within half a month;
(2) The cold or acute gastroenteritis has been cured for less than one week;
(3) Women who have given birth and breast-fed for less than one year.
54, citizens before blood donation in order to ensure their own health and blood quality, should pay attention to the following issues:
(1) Eat low-fat food the day before blood donation;
(2) Do not drink alcohol, especially hard liquor;
(3) Get enough sleep and don't do too strenuous exercise.
55. After donating blood, many people worry that it will hurt their health, so the correct way to choose is:
(1) Work normally and pay attention to rest;
(2) Maintain a normal diet.
56. The following rights of blood donors shall be protected:
(1) Voluntary blood donors have the right to be commended and rewarded;
(2) Have the right to protect personal privacy;
(3) Enjoy free physical examination and laboratory tests when donating blood.
57. A few healthy people also have blood donation reactions, mainly dizziness, palpitation and sweating. The factors leading to this reaction are:
(1) Due to mental stress;
(2) Lack of sleep or fatigue before blood donation;
(3) Don't eat breakfast.
58. "The state encourages healthy citizens aged 18 to 55 to donate blood voluntarily" is written into the blood donation law. The correct understanding of this article is
(1) Citizens must be at least 18 years old to participate in blood donation;
(2) People over the age of 55 can also donate blood, but they must meet the health conditions for blood donation.
59, the correct statement about blood donation and anemia is:
(1) Blood donation is only a small part of human blood. After blood donation, the human body will produce enough new blood without anemia.
(2) Some people are unwilling to donate blood for fear of anemia. In fact, anemia patients can be detected quickly before donating blood. Blood stations are not allowed to donate blood if anemia is detected.
60. The correct statement about citizens donating blood is:
(1) citizens can donate whole blood or blood component at blood stations;
(2) China citizens' blood donation is mainly composed of platelets;
(3) Citizens can donate up to 400 ml of whole blood at a time.
6 1, the correct statement about ensuring blood safety is:
(1) Because the purpose of unpaid blood donation is to cure diseases and save lives, rather than for reward, blood safety can be guaranteed to the greatest extent;
(2) Free blood donation does not affect health.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Free Blood Donation