In order to actively and steadily promote the development of mental health education, the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education has set up an advisory committee on mental health education in primary and secondary schools, and entrusted some regions and universities to carry out comprehensive research and experiments on mental health education.
At present, to strengthen mental health education in primary and secondary schools, we should do the following work well: First, strengthen the construction of mental health teachers, especially training, and strive to establish a team of teachers who are competent for this work. Opinions on the training of mental health teachers in primary and secondary schools will be formulated to guide the training of teachers. The second is to strengthen the publicity of mental health education, the core of which is to change the educational concept of all teachers, reduce the psychological pressure and burden of students and protect the healthy development of students' body and mind. The third is to strengthen the guidance on the content of mental health education, which is a highly scientific work. The Ministry of Education will formulate a guiding outline for mental health education and standardize the content of basic education. Fourth, local education administrative departments should strengthen the guidance of mental health education. To carry out mental health education, all localities must proceed from reality. If the conditions are not mature, don't rush to carry out it and avoid formalism that is eager to achieve success. In areas and schools where mental health education is carried out, one-sidedness and medical tendency should be avoided, and the use of measurement tools should be cautious.
It is not enough to carry out mental health education in primary and secondary schools only by a few psychological counseling teachers. It is very important to cultivate a team of teachers who are mentally healthy, know psychological professional knowledge, master psychological counseling skills and psychological training methods.
To pay attention to students' mental health, teachers should first have mental health.
There are many reasons for students' psychological problems, but the most important ones are study pressure, family environment, social influence and teachers' educational methods. Some experts pointed out through case analysis that 2/3 of adult mental illness occurred in primary and secondary schools, most of the mental illness of primary school students originated from parents, and most of the mental illness of middle school students originated from teachers.
With the increasing tension and busyness of modern life, it has brought many psychological changes to people. Faced with fierce competition for further studies and tangible and intangible pressure from all aspects of society, some teachers have psychological conflicts and depression. The unhealthy psychological state of teachers will inevitably lead to inappropriate educational behavior and have a negative impact on students' psychology.
Teachers' professional characteristics require teachers to have strong self-regulation ability. Schools should attach importance to teachers' own mental health, guide teachers to adjust their mentality by using scientific knowledge, so that they are always in a positive, optimistic, upward, peaceful, stable and healthy state, devote themselves to education and teaching with vigorous energy, rich emotions and healthy emotions, and truly become engineers of human souls? .
Mental health education is based on understanding students and on the premise of creating harmonious atmosphere and good relationship. Teachers influence students with their own healthy psychology, which is the most convincing mental health education in itself.
Every teacher should pay attention to students' mental health and master the basic knowledge of mental health.
At present, the key problem of mental health education in primary and secondary schools is the lack of teachers who know psychological professional knowledge. Most teachers have not received systematic mental health education and training, and can't consciously use psychological science knowledge to help students. Even some teachers' improper management methods lead to students' psychological problems. In this regard, experts suggest that teachers should be given extensive psychological knowledge training, which is the key to ensure the smooth implementation of mental health education.
Fu Anqiu, a professor of psychology at Shanghai Normal University, pointed out that at present, mental health education is widely carried out, and the shortage of teachers is a big problem. Although some primary and secondary schools have set up mental health education institutions and psychological counseling rooms, it is difficult to carry out their work because of the lack of teachers. Teachers engaged in mental health are mostly monks, some are part-time class cadres, and some are transferred by the class teacher. The seriousness and scientificity of this work have been neglected. At present, the foundation of applied psychology in China is very weak, talents are scarce, and mental health education is in its infancy, which requires not only enthusiasm but also scientific spirit.
Strengthen teacher training and improve training contents and methods.
Experts suggest that mental health education should be regarded as an important part of teachers' continuing education when making training plans for primary and secondary school teachers. At the same time, the curriculum proportion of mental health education in normal schools should be strengthened, the curriculum should be closer to the reality of primary and secondary schools, and the content of practical operation should be increased. The content of applied psychology should be added to college psychology specialty. Encourage psychology graduates to teach in primary and secondary schools, and take the form of combining professional education with systematic training to solve the problem of lack of full-time psychology teachers.
In my opinion, the method of mental health education refers to the ways and means that should be adopted in order to complete the task of mental health education. Under the condition that the goals and tasks of mental health education are fixed, what method to choose is directly related to the realization of the goals and the completion of the tasks. Only with proper methods can the requirements of mental health education be effectively implemented; If the method is improper, it will not only be difficult to achieve the expected educational effect, but also may offset the role of other education and even interfere with future educational work. Therefore, to carry out mental health education, we should carefully choose educational methods to avoid arbitrary and arbitrary use, and must follow certain laws of mental health education. The application of methods should be consistent with the objectives, contents and principles of mental health education, and should be reasonably selected according to specific educational tasks and objective conditions.
Classroom teaching is the main channel of students' mental health education, which requires teachers to timely and appropriately infiltrate mental health education into teaching according to the characteristics of various disciplines, develop students' intelligence and emotion, stimulate learning motivation and maintain a good psychological state.
First, establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students to lay the foundation for students' psychological safety.
The data shows that when a person was a student, he spent more than twice as much time with his teacher as with his parents, and 80% of the teacher's interpersonal communication was with students. Establishing a harmonious relationship between teachers and students is the basis of activating classroom psychological atmosphere, developing students' creative potential and providing students with psychological security and freedom. To establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, we must: a. love students. This is the soul of harmonious teacher-student relationship. B. understand students. This is the basis of realizing the psychological compatibility between teachers and students. Respect students. This is the pillar to form a harmonious relationship between teachers and students.
Second, explore the factors of mental health education in teaching and provide an environment of psychological freedom.
Students' success in learning is always linked with their good psychological qualities, such as strong interest, correct motivation and maintaining self-confidence. There are huge mental health education factors in classroom teaching, and teachers should be good at seizing opportunities. Yes:
A. Use and create situations to reduce students' psychological pressure.
B. Organize various activities to make students have a successful experience.
C. use humor to solve students' psychological difficulties.
Third, pay attention to the feedback of teaching situation and use different forms for psychological counseling.
A person's psychological quality is formed on the basis of innate quality and influenced by the acquired educational environment. The formation and development of good psychological quality is bound to be influenced by good family environment and effective education guidance. Cultivating good psychological quality will naturally help prevent the occurrence and development of psychological diseases.
In family education, the main contents of mental health education are:
1, give children a correct outlook on life education. Let children know from an early age: why live and how to be a man. Establish correct thoughts and pursuits in children's minds, because lofty ideals have great spiritual power to inspire people to advance and struggle, and can make people still full of hope and confidence in hardships.
2. Cultivation of good personality and psychological quality. Such as the understanding and perfection of one's own temperament, the shaping of lively and cheerful personality, and the cultivation of extensive interest and inquiry spirit.
3, timely adolescent sexual knowledge and psychological education. Such as mastering adolescent sexual knowledge, correctly handling the friendship and communication between boys and girls, self-esteem and mutual respect education, etc.
4. Cultivate good interpersonal psychology. Can correctly understand, evaluate and express themselves, and master the sociality and skills of interpersonal communication through the guidance and training of children's communication standards and interpersonal skills.
5. Positive and healthy emotions, will, personality and moral psychology. Learn to grasp your emotions, be the master of emotions, and learn to correctly handle the relationship between reason and impulse, regulation and control, frustration and tempering. Form a correct ethical concept, establish self-confidence, and prevent and correct bad morals.
6. Cultivate good learning psychological quality. The cultivation of attention, memory, observation, critical thinking and creative thinking, the mastery of forgetting rules, and the learning attitude of active inquiry. Make children establish appropriate learning goals on the basis of knowing themselves; Understand the value of learning, form an appropriate level of motivation, and persist in studying hard.