Auricularia auricula is a famous delicacy and specialty in China. China has a long history of knowing, collecting and eating Auricularia auricula. As early as the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, our ancestors knew how to eat black fungus. According to Zhou Li, there are "Zhi" and "Xi" in the food of state banquet heroes, and "Xi" is auricularia. The Book of Rites says that "wooden rafters ... are all added by people's swallowing". The northern Wei Dynasty's Book of Qi Yaomin recorded the cooking method of auricularia auricula. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, auricularia became a good product, and there were many famous sentences praising auricularia.
Auricularia auricula is smooth, tender and delicious, rich in nutrition, suitable for all ages, and has the reputation of "the meat in the meat". It is a traditional edible fungus that Chinese people can never get tired of eating for a long time. It can be made into porridge, soup, stir-fry and mixed vegetables with different types and tastes according to the unique cooking techniques of China people. Auricularia auricula is also a traditional export product, favored by Asian, European and American markets. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the first edible fungus exported from China was Auricularia auricula.
The habit of eating black fungus abroad is influenced by China. As the saying goes, "Where there are Chinese in the world, there are black fungus". According to Professor Zhang Shuting's research, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China people flooded into Nanyang, collected a large number of local auricularia auricula, and imported a large number of auricularia auricula from China. /kloc-At the end of 0/8th century, western colonists trafficked auricularia auricula and auricularia auricula from China and Southeast Asia, and concentrated in Europe and America from Hongkong, so auricularia auricula became famous all over the world.
Modern analysis of the chemical composition of Auricularia auricula proves that its protein content is much higher than that of ordinary vegetables and fruits, and it contains essential amino acids and vitamins. Its vitamin B2 content is 10 times that of rice, flour and vegetables, and 3-5 times higher than that of meat. The content of calcium is 30 ~ 70 times that of meat; The content of phosphorus is higher than that of meat and eggs, and 4 ~ 7 times that of tomatoes and potatoes. In particular, the iron content is the richest, which is the highest among all kinds of foods, which is 100 times higher than that of meat, while the iron content of fresh auricularia auricula is 185 times higher than that of fresh milk, so auricularia auricula can be used as a natural blood-enriching food. Every100g of dry product contains15.5g of water,12.1.0g of protein,1.5g of fat, 29.9g of dietary fiber, 35.7g of carbohydrate, 0. 1.
As a nutritious "black food", Auricularia auricula is increasingly favored by people all over the world, and is known as the "gourmet treasure" and "black national treasure" of the Chinese nation. In Germany, the price of fresh (watery) auricularia auricula is 40 marks/kg, and that of lean pork is 14 mark; American fresh (watered) auricularia auricula is 6 ~ 8 USD/kg; Japan currently consumes 23,000 tons of fungus every year. China attaches great importance to the production and export of auricularia auricula, and the first edible fungus standard formulated in China is the auricularia auricula standard formulated by the Ministry of Commerce 1986. According to relevant statistics, the highest output of auricularia auricula in China was 4500 tons before liberation, and it reached 4850 tons after liberation 1956. 1980, Auricularia auricula purchased more than 5,000 tons, and its output has increased rapidly since then. 1986 the output of auricularia auricula 1 19000 tons (dry), 199 1 46500 tons per year, 1999 59000 tons, with an output value of 3.6 billion yuan. 194 China exported 282 1 ton of auricularia auricula, and199 exported nearly 10,000 tons, earning nearly 200 million US dollars for the country.
Professor Hong Zhaoguang, a famous medical expert in China, said in his health lecture that auricularia auricula is "a rare health care product for human beings", and he believed that a scientific and reasonable diet should be matched with "red, yellow, green, white and black" foods. "Black" refers to black fungus. After eating black fungus, the blood becomes diluted, and people are not easy to get cerebral thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and coronary heart disease. Sticking to eating auricularia auricula, 5 grams per person per day, 0.5 kg auricularia auricula for 50 ~ 100 days, can effectively prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Auricularia auricula can be used to make various dishes, such as stir-frying, soup-making, shabu-shabu or cold salad, and is suitable as a main ingredient or ingredient. Before eating, dried auricularia auricula can be slowly soaked in 10℃ ~ 30℃ cold water, fully absorbing water for 6 ~ 8 hours, and the taste is the best. Some people use the hottest water to soak the fungus quickly, and the taste is not good.
2. Medicinal efficacy
The ancient Shennong Materia Medica Classic listed auricularia auricula as the top grade, pointing out that it can "replenish qi without hunger and strengthen the mind". Li Shizhen, a famous medical scientist in Ming Dynasty, recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica that auricularia auricula is sweet in taste, flat in nature, and has the effects of invigorating qi, improving intelligence, moistening lung, strengthening brain, promoting blood circulation and stopping bleeding. In Compendium of Materia Medica, various prescriptions of auricularia auricula for treating metrorrhagia, bloody dysentery with blood, chronic diarrhea and bloody foot sore are collected.
Medical research has proved that auricularia auricula also has the functions of benefiting qi and strengthening body, nourishing kidney and stomach, and promoting blood circulation. It has anticoagulant, antithrombotic, blood lipid lowering, blood viscosity lowering, blood vessel softening, blood flow unobstructed, and cardiovascular diseases reducing effects. Auricularia auricula also has a strong adsorption effect. Regular consumption is conducive to the timely discharge of garbage generated in the body, and it is a "scavenger of the human body." Auricularia auricula also has a good dissolving effect on gallstones and kidney calculi, because it contains plant alkaloids that can promote the secretion of various glands in digestive tract and urinary tract. Plant alkaloids can cooperate with these secretions to catalyze stones, lubricate intestines and excrete stones. Clinically, Auricularia auricula can also be used for excess granulation of wound surface. Wash the wound and granulation with salt water, and then disinfect. After alcohol disinfection, auricularia auricula is swollen, attached to granulation, and bandaged with gauze for three days.
Modern research shows that auricularia auricula contains the following components: acidic mucopolysaccharide, adenosine, auricularia auricula melanin, polysaccharide peptide, echinacea, phospholipids, sterols, in addition to a variety of inorganic elements and vitamins with physiological activities, especially rich in iron. These active ingredients give auricularia auricula unique pharmacological effects as follows:
The clinical experiment of (1) hypoglycemic effect proves that long-term consumption of auricularia auricula has a good effect on improving the condition of diabetic patients and improving the therapeutic effect. It is a good adjuvant therapy for diabetic patients.
(2) Hypolipidemic effect The auricularia auricula polysaccharide contained in auricularia auricula can obviously reduce hyperlipidemia. Middle-aged and elderly people often eat auricularia auricula, which is a good diet method to maintain normal blood lipid level.
(3) Inhibition of platelet aggregation Dr. Hammerster (1980), a professor at the University of Minnesota in the United States, once reported that the intake of China Auricularia auricula can inhibit platelet aggregation, and adenosine and related substances can significantly prolong prothrombin time and inhibit platelet aggregation concentration. Therefore, it is said that the secret of China people's longevity has been discovered. Because the black fungus made in China has caused a big "fungus fever" among the European and American people. Some scholars have suggested that eating 5 ~ 10g of auricularia auricula every day is equivalent to taking a small dose of aspirin, so it is called "eating aspirin".
(4) Antithrombotic Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can obviously delay thrombosis time, shorten thrombus length, reduce platelet adhesion rate and blood viscosity, improve fibrinolytic enzyme activity, and has obvious antithrombotic effect. Therefore, it is a rare health care product for middle-aged and elderly people and patients with cerebral thrombosis.
(5) Improving the body's immune function Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can obviously promote the body's immune function and has obvious anti-cancer activity. Therefore, it is a nourishing good product suitable for the infirm, the elderly, young children and pregnant women without toxic side effects.
(6) Anti-aging free radicals are harmful substances produced during cell metabolism. SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) can reduce the production of free radicals, but with the increase of age, the content of SOD in the body decreases obviously. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can obviously increase the activity ratio of SOD in liver tissue, and it is a comprehensive and ideal anti-aging food and medicine.
(7) Auricularia auricula polysaccharide has protective effect on tissue injury, which can obviously enhance the body's disease resistance and protect the body from injury.
(8) Improving heart hypoxia Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can improve the imbalance between oxygen supply and demand in ischemic myocardium.
(9) Anti-ulcer effect Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can obviously inhibit the formation of ulcer and promote the healing of acetic acid gastric ulcer, which shows that Auricularia auricula polysaccharide has anti-ulcer effect.
(10) Anti-radiation effect Auricularia auricula polysaccharide has better anti-radiation effect than Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide, which can prevent freckle formation and resist leukopenia caused by cyclophosphamide.
At present, the "Naomaikang" capsule, mainly made of auricularia auricula, has been used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. "Oriental Holy Ointment" is mainly made of auricularia auricula and is used to treat external sores.
To sum up, Auricularia auricula is not only an edible fungus with high nutritional value, but also a precious medicinal fungus with various curative effects. It is believed that in the near future, there will be more new drugs, health foods and beauty cosmetics with Auricularia auricula as raw materials, and Auricularia auricula will add luster to the healthy and beautiful life of mankind with its own characteristics.