1. Define the orientation of "mine" industry and implement unified management of exploration and development.
The first is to define the positioning of the mining industry. The separation system of exploration and mining formed under the planned economy system in China stems from the fact that mineral resources exploration belongs to the tertiary industry and mineral resources exploitation belongs to the secondary industry, which does not conform to the market law and is incompatible with China's market economy system. Under the market economy system, the integration of exploration and mining is inseparable (in mechanism). There is a theoretical basis for classifying exploration and mining as "mining" and positioning them as the primary industry, which is also in line with world practice.
The second is to deepen the reform of the economic system, implement the "multi-department system with organic unified functions, improve the coordination and cooperation mechanism among departments", establish a new mining management system, and implement the "horizontal centralized and unified, vertical classified and hierarchical management" system in mining. Solve the current problems of separation of exploration and mining, horizontal multi-strategies in management, and vertical struggle for power and profit, and solve the problems of overlapping institutions and overlapping responsibilities.
2. Give full play to the indirect management of laws and regulations and the regulatory role of policies.
It is suggested to amend the mineral resources law. To make legal provisions on mineral resources related to national security, sustainable economic and social development, people's livelihood in Hui Ze and intergenerational compensation; Clarify the basic national policy of coordinating mineral resources exploration and development with environmental protection, and coordinating resource conservation and intensive utilization with ecological civilization construction; Make relevant legal provisions on the usufructuary right of mining rights that are compatible with the property law, and form a legal guarantee for the protection of mineral resources and mining development under the new situation.
It is suggested that the current collection method of resource taxes and fees should be adjusted. China's current mineral resources tax and fee system has not adapted to the new situation of mineral resources exploration and development, which is not conducive to the economical and intensive utilization of resources, resulting in unreasonable mineral prices and unfair distribution of mining income, and is not conducive to the transformation of mining development mode. The main problem is that the resource compensation rate of resource assets as monetary assets exhaustion compensation is low (average 1. 18%), and the compensation is insufficient; At present, the resource tax on regulating differential income generated by mineral resources as resource capital in production and operation activities is only partially levied, and the scope of collection should be expanded and ad valorem levy should be made.
It is suggested to solve the problem of alienation of mining right "price" system. At present, the "price" of mining rights is not levied according to the the State Council document, and "alienation" occurs from time to time. By confusing the concepts of "compensation" and "price", the scope of "price" has been expanded. In some places, all exploration and mining rights are charged "price" regardless of the investor and whether the mineral land is formed or not; In some places, the expected income from mining is levied in full in advance, and the amount is getting bigger and bigger, far exceeding the resource compensation fee and resource tax. In fact, it is speculating resources. The alienation of "price" system has disturbed the mining market and caused unfair distribution of mineral resources income. It is necessary to accurately distinguish between state-owned rights and interests and exploration investment rights, establish a separate operation mechanism between state-owned rights and interests of mineral resources and exploration investment rights, and adjust their disposal methods. Revise and improve the evaluation theory and method and related standard system. Under the condition of market economy, the "value of mining rights" (investors' rights and interests) should be determined by the market, and mining rights holders of different ownership systems should trade equally in the market.
It is suggested to solve the dislocation problem of "funds" in some places. The geological exploration fund was established under the condition that China's geological exploration venture capital market has not yet been established. Reduce exploration risks, guide social funds, conduct commercial mineral exploration, and indirectly play a financing role for commercial geological exploration. Now some local governments equate the use of geological prospecting funds with government investment in prospecting, competing for power with the market, competing for profits with enterprises and crowding out social funds.
3. Deepen the reform of the administrative management system and handle the relationship between the government and the market.
One is to transform government functions and do a good job in public services. Deepen the reform of the administrative system, promote the separation of government and enterprise, government and capital, and government and society, deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system, continue to simplify administration and decentralize power, promote the transformation of government functions, and create a good development environment for finding a breakthrough, providing quality public services, and maintaining social fairness and justice. At present, some local governments still have too much administrative management in the exploration and development of mineral resources, and there are still problems of separating government from enterprises, separating government from capital, and separating government from society, as well as the problem that the government controls mining rights and integrates managers, owners and operators.
The second is to standardize government input and handle the relationship between government input and social input. The Ministry promotes a new geological prospecting mechanism of "public welfare first, business follow-up, capital connection, comprehensive exploration and rapid breakthrough", and its core content is the investment mode and economic relationship of different investors. In order to improve the new mechanism of geological prospecting, it is necessary to standardize investment, especially government investment. At present, the geological prospecting funds in most provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) mainly come from "resource compensation fee" and "price", mostly in the form of "provincial finance" and "provincial fund", and the government holds mining rights. It is necessary to standardize the operation mode of "provincial finance" and "provincial fund" for geological prospecting, correct the problems of no distinction between government and capital, no distinction between government and enterprise, no distinction between government affairs and even monopoly of mining rights, give play to the role of the market in allocating resources, and promote the healthy development of the strategic action of prospecting breakthrough.
4. Respect the market rules and improve the mining rights market.
To make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of mineral resources, we must first establish and improve China's unified, competitive, open and orderly mining rights market and mining factor market. It is necessary to establish and improve the operating rules of mining rights market and standardize the operation of mining rights market. At present, the transfer of mining rights is a means for the government to adopt a market approach. It is not the market that allocates resources, but the transfer market that is the real market allocation. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of the mining right transfer market and actively play the basic role of the market in allocating resources.
It is necessary to establish and improve a market system that is compatible with the mining rights market. Strict access system, standardize market behavior; Establish a financing platform for mineral exploration, establish a reasonable investment structure and risk incentive mechanism for mineral exploration, and standardize the mining capital market.
It is necessary to standardize intermediary organizations and give better play to the role of trade associations. Rectify the existing intermediary organizations, standardize qualifications, strictly control, strengthen self-discipline, improve the level and establish integrity.
5. Stimulate the new vitality of all kinds of mining market players.
Deepen reform and stimulate the development vitality of various mining market players. First, deepen the reform of state-owned mining enterprises, and transform them into joint-stock companies, such as Gansu Baiyin Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd. and Hainan Shilu Iron Mine Co., Ltd., from the separation of exploration and mining under the planned economy system to the integration of exploration and mining under the market economy conditions, establish a scientific corporate governance structure, realize the separation of ownership and management rights, and solve the problem of separation of government and enterprises through state-owned holding and equity participation. Enhance the power and stimulate the vitality with the reform of the property rights system, and actively play the role of the market main body.
The second is to guide and support the development of non-public mining enterprises. With the deepening of China's economic system reform and the vigorous development of mining industry, non-public mining enterprises have become the main body of the mining market. We must conscientiously implement the two unshakable (unswervingly consolidate and develop the state-owned economy; Unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy), get rid of the shackles of "the country is the people", treat the non-public sector of the economy equally, treat the factors of production equally, enjoy equal legal protection, support the development of non-public mining enterprises, and make contributions to the breakthrough in prospecting.