Common disease types mainly include:
Viral hepatitis:
Hepatitis A: Hepatitis A virus is mainly transmitted through contaminated drinking water or food. It is a self-limited disease, and its symptoms generally subside within 6 months, without causing long-term and serious damage to the liver.
Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B virus is mainly transmitted through body fluids or blood. If the infection lasts for more than 6 months, it will form chronic hepatitis B, which will continue to progress with the extension of time, and the risk of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and liver cancer will increase obviously.
Hepatitis C: Hepatitis C virus is also transmitted through body fluids or blood. The risk of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis C will also increase significantly. At present, there are many new drugs that can effectively cure hepatitis C.
Fatty liver disease:
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD): chronic alcoholism (>; For 5 years, the amount of drinking is > 40g/ day for men and > 20g/ day for women, or heavy drinking is > 80g/ day within 2 weeks). The initial manifestation is fatty liver, which can further evolve into alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. The disease is more common in Europe and America, and the incidence rate in China has also increased significantly in recent years. The prevalence of alcoholic liver disease in adults is about 5%.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): It may be related to the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism. The imbalance of synthesis, degradation and secretion of liver lipids leads to excessive fat deposition in liver cells, and leads to inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis of liver cells. This disease has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases in China.
Autoimmune liver disease: the immune system of human body is abnormal, which wrongly recognizes and attacks its own liver tissue, leading to inflammation and damage of the liver. Clinically, it mainly includes autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Patients may also have two autoimmune liver diseases at the same time, which is called overlap syndrome.
Drug-induced liver disease: acute or chronic liver injury caused by drugs and their metabolites. Mild patients can recover their liver function by themselves after stopping taking drugs, while severe patients can be life-threatening and need active treatment. With the increasing variety of clinical drugs, the incidence of drug-induced liver disease is increasing year by year, and the annual incidence is about (1 ~ 10)/65438+ 10,000. In elderly patients with liver disease, the proportion of drug-induced liver disease can even be as high as 20%.
Hereditary liver disease: due to family inheritance or congenital gene mutation, patients are accompanied by some metabolic defects, and related products are deposited in the liver, causing hepatocyte necrosis and fibrosis. It mainly includes hepatolenticular degeneration (copper metabolism disorder), hemochromatosis (iron hyperabsorption) and α 1- antitrypsin deficiency (a large number of abnormal α 1- antitrypsin deposits).
Cirrhosis: Due to the persistent inflammation or injury of the liver for a long time, diffuse fibrosis of the liver tissue occurs, and it tends to get worse, until the liver finally deforms, shrinks and hardens, loses its normal structure and function, and the blood circulation path also changes obviously. Liver cirrhosis can also induce various serious complications, even fatal.
Liver cancer: mainly caused by toxic chemicals or chronic virus infection, cancer-related genes in liver cells mutate, and cancer cells can proliferate indefinitely and invade normal tissues around or far away. The incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China are among the highest in the world. Nearly half of the world's liver cancer deaths come from China every year.