The thermometer that we use most in our daily life is the thermometer. There are three main methods for measuring body temperature with mercury thermometer, namely, oral temperature, axillary temperature and anal temperature. Each part of the measurement method has its own applicability, limitations and precautions. Let's take a concrete look at the correct use of thermometers to measure various parts.
1, the correct use of thermometer-measuring oral temperature with mercury thermometer;
(1) Throw the thermometer below 35℃ before use.
(2) Put the thermometer under your tongue (just hold it, don't bite and talk hard).
(3) Measure for at least 3-5 minutes, 7 minutes is the best.
(4) Take out the thermometer, read the temperature data, wipe it clean with toilet paper, and then disinfect it with alcohol cotton pad (rotate it from the tail end to the mercury end).
Tips:
(1) Infants, people with dyspnea, unconsciousness, people with spasms, and people who can't cooperate, please don't take their body temperature orally.
(2) Don't eat or do strenuous exercise for 30 minutes.
2, the correct use of thermometers-use mercury thermometer to measure the armpit temperature:
(1) Before use, set the thermometer below 35℃.
(2) Don't take a bath before measurement. Wipe the sweat under your armpit first, and put the mercury end of the thermometer in the middle of your armpit. Be careful not to stick the instrument out. If it is a child, pay attention to hold its arm to prevent it from moving.
(3) Measure for 5- 10 minutes.
(4) Take out the thermometer, and after reading the temperature data, wipe the thermometer with toilet paper.
Tips:
(1) If it is dismantled or accidentally moved before the time, it shall be re-measured and the time shall be recalculated.
(2) Drink hot drinks, do strenuous exercise, get emotional and take a bath for 30 minutes before measurement.
3, the correct use of thermometer-use mercury thermometer to measure the anal temperature:
(1) Infants lie on their backs or prone, while children and adults lie on their sides.
(2) Before use, throw the thermometer below 35℃. Lubricate the mercury ball end on the anal surface with lubricant (vaseline or paraffin oil).
(3) After pulling open the anus watch by hand, rotate the anus watch and insert it slowly and gently, and at the same time, hold the anus watch's hand against the hip to prevent it from slipping or inserting too deeply.
(4) Insertion depth: infant1.25 cm; Children 2.5cm；; Adult 3.5 cm
(5) Measure for 2-5 minutes.
(6) Take out the anus watch, read the temperature, clean it with toilet paper, and then disinfect it with alcohol cotton pad (rotate it from the tail end to the mercury end).
Tips:
(1) It is not suitable for patients with diarrhea and rectal diseases and operators to measure anorectal temperature.
(2) Drink hot drinks, do strenuous exercise, get emotional and take a bath for 30 minutes before measurement.
(3) Anal temperature is closest to human body temperature, and it is least affected by environmental temperature, but it is not convenient to measure and is not suitable for cooperative screening. Therefore, this method is only used on the basis that other measurement methods need to be confirmed.
(4) Wipe the thermometer with toilet paper before reading the temperature data.
In fact, oral temperature and anal temperature are close to human body temperature, but these have certain limitations. For example, infants and children with teeth are not suitable for measuring oral temperature with body temperature, and naturally "older children" are not suitable for measuring anal temperature.
Types of thermometers How many kinds of thermometers are there? A thermometer is a kind of thermometer, which is a medical instrument used to measure the highest body temperature. In addition to hospitals and clinics, thermometers are often prepared at home. The original thermometer was a mercury thermometer. Later, with the progress of the times and the development of science and technology, more and more families began to use electronic thermometers. The variety of thermometers has increased, and the widespread use of thermometers also shows the improvement of people's medical awareness. How many kinds of thermometers are there? Let's take a look.
Common thermometers on the market include glass mercury thermometer, electronic thermometer and multifunctional infrared thermometer.
1, glass mercury thermometer
Mercury thermometer is a kind of traditional thermometer, which is made of glass and contains a mercury column that keeps rising with body temperature. Mercury thermometer has the characteristics of accurate measurement results, high stability and low price. Mercury thermometer contains mercury, which is harmful to human health. Once inhaled, mercury vapor will enter various organs and tissues of the human body through blood circulation, and will also damage the central nervous system through the blood-brain barrier. Mercury is converted into methylmercury after entering the water body, which is particularly harmful to the developing fetus and baby. Moreover, methylmercury will be enriched in animals and humans with the rise of the food chain, thus threatening our health. Considering the harm of mercury to mercury thermometers, many countries have taken measures to prohibit it.
2. Electronic thermometer
Electronic thermometer displays the body temperature in digital form by using the definite relationship between the physical parameters of certain substances such as resistance, voltage and current and the ambient temperature. Electronic thermometer has the advantages of convenient reading, short measuring time, no mercury and no harm to human body and surrounding environment. Its disadvantage is that the accuracy of indication is influenced by electronic components and battery power supply, which is not as good as glass thermometer.
3. Multifunctional infrared thermometer
Infrared thermometer measures body temperature through infrared rays. Compared with electronic thermometers, infrared thermometers have faster measurement speed and shorter time, which can be divided into contact type and non-contact type. Contact infrared thermometers commonly include ear thermometer, forehead thermometer and multifunctional thermometer, which can measure the accurate temperature from the ear in just one second. The most common non-contact infrared thermometer is forehead thermometer, which can measure human body temperature remotely. Just aim the probe at the forehead and press the measurement button, and it takes only a few seconds to get the measurement data, which is very suitable for patients with acute diseases, the elderly, infants and so on. However, in the initial stage of use, users may get several different measurement data because they are not familiar with this operation mode. Generally speaking, the maximum value measured is the desired data. Users will be more satisfied with this thermometer after they are familiar with it. Considering the harm of mercury, more and more families begin to use faster and safer infrared thermometers.
Structural characteristics of thermometer What are the structural characteristics of thermometer? A thermometer is a tool for measuring human body temperature, and it is also the most common thermometer. By measuring the human body temperature and reading the numerical value, it is one of the very useful medical tools and an indispensable instrument in family life. What are the structural characteristics of thermometers? How much do you know about common mercury thermometers?
The common thermometer in the family is the mercury thermometer, which works by using the principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction. The structural characteristics of mercury thermometer are mainly manifested in five aspects:
1, which can be separated from the reading of the measured object.
2. Use more mercury.
3, there is contraction
4. The dividing value is 0. 1℃
5. There is a thin and long pipe diameter inside.
6. Fragile items
According to metrological experts, the most common thermometer is the glass thermometer, which can keep the mercury column in its original position with the increase of body temperature, which is convenient for users to observe at any time. Because of the compact structure of glass and the very stable performance of mercury, the glass thermometer has the characteristics of accurate indication, high stability, low price and no need for external power supply, and is trusted by people, especially medical workers. However, the defects of glass thermometers are also obvious, and they are easy to break, which may lead to mercury pollution. It takes a long time to measure, which is inconvenient for acute and severe patients, the elderly, infants and so on, and the reading is more troublesome.
What is the measuring range of the thermometer? The thermometer uses the working principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction, and its structure is composed of a graduated vacuum capillary with mercury in the ball at the end. When measuring body temperature, the mercury at the bottom expands when heated and rises along the capillary, and the height is proportional to the degree of heating. The higher the body surface temperature, the higher the mercury column rises. There is a narrow part where the bulb of the thermometer is connected with the capillary, which can prevent mercury from falling by itself, so as to check the temperature. The mercury column must be shaken before it drops to its original value.
The measuring range of a thermometer is generally 35-42 degrees Celsius, and the dividing value is 0. 1.
The thermometer looks like a small glass rod, but there are still many things to pay attention to when using it. A little carelessness will lead to inaccurate results.
Compared with other types of thermometers, mercury thermometers have more stable performance, no need for external power supply and lower price, so every family can buy one, which is convenient for daily life. However, mercury thermometers are easy to break down, and it takes a while to measure them. Different from ordinary electronic thermometers, the temperature of the measured object is directly displayed by numbers, which is clear at a glance.
When using a mercury thermometer, hold the tail of the mercury thermometer in one hand, that is, the end far away from the mercury column, so that the eyes are at the same level as the thermometer, and then slowly turn the thermometer to see the thick mercury column (red line in the middle) from the front, and then read the corresponding temperature value. When reading, be careful not to touch the mercury end of the thermometer with your hands, which will affect the mercury column and cause inaccurate measurement.