The increasingly prominent psychological problems of primary school students have seriously affected the healthy growth and development of primary school students, but they are not a scourge. Since it has a process of formation and development, we will certainly find ways and measures to prevent and correct it. We think we must pay attention to the mental health of primary school students. Although only a few students really suffer from mental illness, we find that mental health problems and behavioral deviation problems among students increase with age. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out mental health education for all primary school students. Parents, schools, society and relevant departments should attach importance to mental health education for primary school students and take active countermeasures to solve these problems. Countermeasures can be taken mainly from the following aspects.
(A) the school should take countermeasures
1, principles of mental health education in primary schools. Carrying out mental health education for primary school students must follow the principle of "facing all, tolerance, confidentiality and continuity";
Mental health education should be geared to all students. Facing all students is the purpose of implementing quality education, and mental health education should also face all students. The biggest difference between mental health education and psychoanalysis is that the premise of psychoanalysis research is to treat people as psychological problems that need to be corrected, and mental health education is first and foremost the development needs of people. Mental health education for all students does not assume that primary school students have a lot of psychological problems, but that all students should develop psychologically, and individual students do have psychological problems that can be corrected through mental health education for all.
Treat every student with tolerance, and treat everything of this student with tolerance. If we treat every student leniently, we can't classify them. Assuming that there are good, medium and poor students in the class, we look down on them because of their different family economic and cultural behavior habits. Lack of tolerance for students, heart-to-heart communication and cooperation between teachers and students, mental health education is difficult to carry out. The teacher accepts every student with a tolerant attitude, including his strengths and weaknesses, as well as unforgivable mistakes. We should believe that all students can get a good education. If there is a problem, we just haven't found a suitable method and asked questions in time.
Confidentiality is related to the effectiveness of mental health education. Students open their hearts to teachers, and teachers must keep secrets. Conversation record and psychological test data should be properly kept. The objects of confidentiality include students themselves, parents and other teachers. Students' case data cannot be used at will, and there is a time limit for confidentiality.
Mental health education should run through the whole process of school education. Sustainability has two meanings, one is the serialization of mental health education activities, and the other is the need for long-term planning and planning, which should be clear.
Mental health education is not an urgent task, but as a part of primary education, mental health education for primary school students is accompanied by the whole primary school stage.
2. Specific ways and methods of mental health education in schools.
Group counseling. Group counseling provides students with comprehensive help by means of special lectures and special activities, mainly to shape the good atmosphere and good behavior of the class and stimulate the spirit of group progress. Group counseling is usually carried out in class, because in a sense, students' psychological quality is internalized by collective psychology. Therefore, the head teacher should carry out mental health education according to the actual situation of the class and the group counseling plan, and strive to cultivate a good class atmosphere so that students can establish equal and harmonious interpersonal relationships, which is also a new requirement put forward by the development of the times.
Psychological counseling room. Psychological counseling room is aimed at individual students or groups, and also accepts students' active counseling. The work of psychological consultation room should be professional, and teachers should undergo on-the-job training. Psychological counseling room should have full-time teachers in charge and special work plans, with fixed opening hours and fixed places. In addition to meeting the requirements of psychological counseling, the environment layout of primary school students' psychological counseling room should also increase the characteristics of children, so that primary school students will like it as soon as they enter the door, as if they were as happy as entering a club. The name of the counseling room can be childlike, for example, it can be called the "Golden Apple" club.
Case education. Case education for primary school students is a supplement and in-depth to the above two kinds of psychological counseling. The object of the case should be typical, which can be students with excellent intelligence, students with critical intelligence, model students and students with many problems. As the object of the case, students can let themselves know or not, mainly according to the needs of research. Case education generally needs long-term follow-up research. A student contacts many teachers at school, so it is best to carry out case education in a cooperative way, with the person in charge as the main body and several teachers observing and studying the same object. Case education must be recorded in detail, such as observation notes and conversation record. The record must be true, and you can also write the feelings of the recorder. Students' case materials should be properly kept. In principle, students' case studies are not open during their school days.
Testing and calibration. Through questionnaires and test papers, we can fully understand the current situation of student groups, and then find out the problems with universal significance. The test scale should be specially designed by psychologists, and self-designed psychological questionnaires are generally not recommended. The data of the test are for reference only, so you can't believe them all, because students are living people and it is impossible to express them with data. Through testing the problems found in the investigation, timely group counseling, psychological counseling club activities, case education, etc. , carry out necessary prevention and correction, and promote the all-round development of primary school students.
Offering mental health education courses. Primary schools offer mental health courses to help primary school students understand psychological science knowledge and master certain psychological adjustment skills. This course is divided into two parts: mental health and health science popularization and practical operation. The former is a course to popularize mental health knowledge, while the latter includes role-playing, mutual questioning and interpersonal training. , so as to master some psychological adjustment means such as transferring emotions, venting pain, overcoming inferiority and establishing self-confidence, so as to nip in the bud.
(B) the family should take countermeasures
1. Parents should actively cooperate with school mental health education.
Research shows that students' mental health problems are directly or indirectly related to family rearing patterns and interpersonal relationships, and some even show and continue family problems. Therefore, parents' active support and cooperation are needed to understand the causes of students' psychological and behavioral deviations, and to formulate and implement counseling and correction plans.
Parents' suggestions on family mental health education for primary school students are as follows:
Family education should attach importance to cultivating children's beautiful hearts, and naive hearts need more care. First of all, parents should know that children's hearts need more care, and it is every parent's obligation to care about their mental health from an early age. For example, a primary school student was criticized by his teacher at school, and he hoped that others could comfort him and persuade him. However, after the primary school students are criticized by the teachers, they will be criticized by their parents, and the children will definitely feel wronged. Therefore, teachers and parents should cooperate tacitly. When one side plays the role of criticism, the other side plays the role of persuasion. It is absolutely impossible to attack from both sides. To give children the feeling of "warm home", family education should focus on cultivating children's beautiful hearts.
Listen to the voices of the children. Parents are often used to talking by themselves and making their children obey. In school, a teacher faces dozens of students, mainly because the teacher says that primary school students have relatively few opportunities to speak, and even fewer opportunities to speak their minds. Family should be a place where children can speak freely. Parents should pay attention to leaving the opportunity to speak to their children, especially introverted children. Parents should pay more attention and encourage their children to talk more. Parents should not neglect the exchange of ideas with their children because of their busy work. In particular, fathers should have a beneficial exchange of ideas with their children. Some studies show that the father's influence on children plays an important role in their healthy growth. It is recommended that busy fathers eat with their children at least 3-4 times a week. The topic at the dinner table is often very relaxed, and it is the best and warmest time for parents to listen to their children.
Tolerance and restraint are both important. There is no consensus on whether it is better to be tolerant or strict with children. In reality, the lesson of family education failure is often too lenient or too strict. Parents should treat their children equally and give them the necessary constraints while tolerating them. Too much tolerance leads to doting, too much strictness leads to little love. Parents should understand this truth. Children's happy character will not be developed in reprimand. Parents' timely praise can help children develop a good character more than other material rewards. There is no contradiction between praising children and restraining their bad behavior. The foundation of children's happy life begins with encouragement and praise.
2. Parents should establish a correct concept of education and guide their children's growth with scientific methods.
Influenced by the traditional educational concept for a long time, our parents have not systematically educated their children's theoretical knowledge, the guiding ideology is biased, and the educational methods are not suitable for the children's development law. To change this pattern, parents of primary school students need to receive systematic re-education. The society also has the responsibility to provide them with learning conditions, such as holding parent schools, so that parents can correctly understand and handle the relationship between family and children's education, actively create a democratic and harmonious family atmosphere, minimize doting and authoritarian families, and let parents of primary school students establish correct educational concepts and learn to guide their children's learning and development with scientific methods.
Parents should be cautious about divorce.
Parents' divorce broke the tranquility of the original family, so that children could not get complete fatherly love or maternal love, and many children began to be psychologically distorted. Parents, when the relationship between husband and wife is not harmonious, don't follow suit and divorce easily for minor children. Even if the relationship between husband and wife has indeed broken down, think more about the children before divorce. After all, the child is innocent and in the developmental stage. It is our responsibility to create a good family living environment for them.
(C) Pupils should take their own countermeasures
1, primary school students should actively participate in group activities and social contacts, and constantly improve their personality.
While learning cultural knowledge and basic skills, primary school students should also participate in some collective activities and social contacts in a planned and purposeful way, such as summer camps, hand-in-hand activities, sports competitions, literary and artistic activities, etc. Only in this way can they better cultivate a variety of hobbies, learn to observe, analyze and evaluate themselves, and gradually form good psychological qualities of self-esteem, self-love, self-confidence and self-control to meet their higher-level social contact and social interaction.
Under the direct guidance of teachers and parents, primary school students should strive to restrain and correct their own shortcomings, develop their own advantages and constantly improve their personality.
2. Pupils should learn some simple and effective self-mental health education methods.
There are several common methods for self-mental health education of primary school students, such as (1) learning to relax. Knowing that nervousness is a normal psychological reaction can be adjusted and relaxed by imagination, distraction, breathing adjustment, physical activities, listening to music, singing, reading and sleeping. (2) talking to people. To let primary school students know that they have problems and learn to ask for help, they can talk to teachers and psychological counselors at school; You can talk to your elders, relatives and friends at home; There can also be people in the society to talk to, such as psychological counseling calls and so on. You can talk to people at any time and learn to talk to people all your life. (3) Learn to keep a diary or a weekly diary. Pupils should learn to talk to themselves with pens and describe their inner tracks with words, which is of great help to the healthy growth of psychology. Teachers and parents should respect children's privacy and get their permission to publish diaries. Pupils don't have to worry too much about their inner secrets being known by others. They should learn to be honest with others and themselves.
3. Pupils should be good at seeking help and support.
Seeking help is a positive attitude that modern people should have. In the face of pressure and confusion, we should seek psychological support to get good help and guidance. If you have any questions, you can ask the teacher, relatives and friends say. The process of asking for help is also a process of self-help. We got not only the way this time, but also more experience. Psychological counseling is also one of the effective ways that can be adopted. Through psychological counseling, the cognition, mood and behavior of visitors can be changed. In this affluent society, we have every reason to believe that everyone's quality of life can be completely changed and improved.