Matters needing attention in pear seedling cultivation:
First, raise seedlings
Strong seedlings are the basis of early high yield.
How the quality of seedlings directly affects the survival rate of planting, the speed of root recovery after planting, and the situation of branching have certain effects on fruit, tree potential, yield and even life span.
Whether it is self-breeding wood or buying seedlings, we must adhere to the standards of seedlings.
Two. Primary pear seedling standard:
The lateral roots are more than 20 cm long and more than 4, and the thickness of the lateral roots is more than 0.45 cm, which is evenly distributed, not biased to one side, stretching, not curling, and there are many fibrous roots.
The height of the stem is greater than 100 cm, and the diameter of the node above 10 cm is greater than 1 cm. The stem has been lignified.
There are more than 7 strong buds, the rootstock is cut off and healed well, and there is no mechanical damage, no quarantine object, no clubroot and trunk disease.
Three. moisture
Pear seedlings are drought-tolerant, but the growth and development of pear fruits need sufficient water.
Qiuzi pear system has poor moisture tolerance, mostly distributed in areas with annual precipitation of 400-500mm, while Sally pear has strong moisture tolerance, mostly distributed in areas with annual precipitation of1000 mm.
Rainfall and air humidity have great influence on the skin color of pear fruit. When fruits grow in a climate with high temperature and humidity, the cuticle with L in the peel is often destroyed, and the fruit surface is thick and has legs, especially for green varieties.
Pay attention to drainage in hot and rainy seasons, reduce the groundwater level, and timely irrigate in dry seasons.
Four. land
Pear is not strict with soil, except for extremely sandy soil and extremely new soil, it can grow normally, but sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose soil, rich organic matter, good water permeability and water retention is the best.
Pyrus pyrifolia can adapt to a wide range of soil pH, and can grow at pH 5.0-8.5, but soil pH 4.5-6.5 is the most suitable.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) fertilization
Orchards planted in spring should be prepared in the first autumn.
The digging diameter of permanent plants is 1 100 cm, and the depth is 80- 100 cm. Temporary plants with high planting density and small plant spacing can be planted in ditches with a width of 50-60 cm and a depth of 60 cm.
Don't disturb the soil layer when digging holes and ditches, put the topsoil aside and the core soil aside, and pay attention to fill in the fertile topsoil around the rhizosphere first when backfilling.
Soil miscellaneous fertilizer 15-25 kg and nitrogen fertilizer 50- 100 g should be applied to each plant.
When planting trees, the topsoil and organic fertilizer are evenly mixed according to the ratio of 3: 1 and filled near the root system of seedlings.
When the excavated soil is backfilled to 80%, it will be watered and compacted, and it will be sorted after the water seeps down.
In late autumn and early winter, base fertilizer should be applied to ensure the nutrient supply of trees and the robustness of trees, so as to lay the foundation for high yield and income increase in the coming year.
Illumination of intransitive verbs
Pear is a light-loving tree species, which needs 1600- 1700 hours of oral illumination every year. Sufficient light can improve the yield and quality, but if the light is insufficient, the growth advantage of the branch top is more obvious, which shows that the branch tip is too long and the crown is crazy long, which seriously affects the crown structure.
If the plants are planted too densely and the branches are too dense, the visceral branches at the lower part of the crown towel will prematurely decline or die due to insufficient light, which will affect the differentiation and fruiting of flower buds and easily lead to the phenomenon of plane fruiting at the top of the crown.
Seven. Primary pear seedling standard:
The lateral roots are more than 20 cm long and more than 4, and the thickness of the lateral roots is more than 0.45 cm, which is evenly distributed, not biased to one side, stretching, not curling, and there are many fibrous roots.
The height of the stem is greater than 100 cm, and the diameter of the node above 10 cm is greater than 1 cm. The stem has been lignified.
There are more than 7 strong buds, the rootstock is cut off and healed well, and there is no mechanical damage, no quarantine object, no clubroot and trunk disease.