Prognostic study:
Prognostic research is to study the relationship between individual baseline characteristics and future outcome events, so as to improve individual health status. The study of prognosis has never been so important, because on a global scale, more people are living in one or more diseases or sub-health states than ever before.
Forecast model:
Prognostic model is mainly used to inform individuals about the future development process of their diseases (or the risk of specific diseases) and guide doctors and patients to make the same decision in further treatment.
For example, the Nottingham Prognostic Index is used to estimate the long-term risk of cancer recurrence or death in breast cancer patients; Acute physiology and chronic health assessment score and simplified acute physiology score predict the mortality of critically ill patients in hospital; TNM prognostic staging system can predict tumor prognosis and assist the formulation of clinical treatment plan.
Incidence:
Incidence refers to the frequency of new cases of a certain disease in a certain population in a certain period of time. It is a measure of the impact of diseases on people's health and describes the distribution of diseases.
Incidence can be used to reflect the impact of diseases on people's health. A high incidence rate means that the disease has a great impact on health, and a low incidence rate means that the disease has a small impact on health. Incidence can be used to describe the distribution of diseases. By comparing the incidence of people with different characteristics, we can explore the causes of the disease and evaluate the prevention and control measures.
Prognosis can be divided into natural prognosis and intervention prognosis:
Natural prediction:
Natural prognosis is a prediction of the development process and consequences of untreated diseases. Among 627 diseases, 15. 1% has a good natural prognosis, 55.6% has a poor natural prognosis, and the rest have uncertain natural prognosis.
Prognosis of interventional therapy:
The prognosis of treatment is to predict the development process and final consequences of a disease through medical intervention, which will be discussed in detail later. Natural prognosis and therapeutic prognosis are interrelated, interactive and interactive. The relationship between natural prognosis and treatment prognosis is also very complicated. Generally speaking, under the intervention of medical behavior, the prognosis will change to varying degrees.
However, there are also cases where the relationship between drug intervention and prognosis is not obvious and will not change after intervention. The prognosis of well-differentiated low-grade prostate cancer is good whether it is treated or not. On the contrary, the prognosis of poorly differentiated advanced prostate cancer is not good no matter what treatment is used; Only those moderately differentiated cancers, treatment has an impact on their prognosis.