Invasion route: inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption.
Health hazard: it is irritating to skin and mucous membrane and has anesthetic effect on central nervous system.
Acute poisoning: Inhalation of high concentration of this product in a short time can cause obvious irritation to eyes and upper respiratory tract, congestion of conjunctiva and pharynx, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, weakness of limbs, stumbling gait and confusion. In severe cases, restlessness, convulsions and coma may occur.
Chronic poisoning: neurasthenia syndrome, hepatomegaly and abnormal menstruation of female workers may occur after long-term contact. Dry skin, chapped skin, dermatitis.
Second, toxicological data and environmental behavior.
Toxicity: low toxicity.
Acute toxicity: LD505000mg/kg (taken orally by rats); LC50 12 124mg/kg (rabbit skin); Inhalation of 7 1.4g/m3 will cause death in a short time; People inhale 3g/m3×1~ 8h, resulting in acute poisoning; Inhalation of 0.2 ~ 0.3g/m3× 8h may cause poisoning symptoms.
Stimulation: 300ppm passes through human eyes, causing irritation. Percutaneous rabbit: 500mg, moderately stimulated.
Subacute and chronic toxicity: Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 390 mg/m3 for 90 ~ 127 days and 8 hours/day, which caused changes in hematopoietic system and parenchymal organs.
Mutagenicity: mouse micronucleus test: 200mg/kg. Cytogenetic analysis: rats inhaled 5400? 0? 8g/m3, 16 weeks (intermittent).
Reproductive toxicity: The lowest toxic concentration (TCL 0) of rats in 24 hours (taking medicine on 1 ~ 18 days of pregnancy) is 1.5g/m3, which leads to embryo toxicity and abnormal muscle development. The lowest toxicity concentration (TCL 0) of mice for 24 hours (6 ~ 13 days) was 500 mg/m3, which caused embryo toxicity.
Toluene is an important chemical raw material. It is also an extremely important fuel. Factories and gas stations that use toluene and automobile exhaust are the main sources of pollution. Toluene in urban air mainly comes from gasoline-related emissions and solvent loss and emissions caused by industrial activities. Accidents during storage and transportation are another pollution source of toluene. Toluene can be oxidized by strong oxidant and is a first-class combustible. Toluene entering the human body can be quickly excreted. Toluene is volatile, stable in the environment and difficult to react. Air is widely distributed in the environment because of its movement. Toluene in water will quickly evaporate into the atmosphere. Toluene is less toxic than benzene, but its irritation symptoms are more serious than benzene. When inhaled, it may cause tingling, itching and burning sensation in the throat. Stimulating the eye mucosa can cause tears, redness and congestion; When splashed on the skin, redness, tingling and blisters will appear locally. After severe toluene poisoning, you may be excited: fidgeting, crying and laughing; Or depression: lethargy, stupor, etc. , there will be serious collapse and coma. Toluene is slightly soluble in water. When it is poured into water, it can float on the water surface or be distributed on the water surface as oil, which will cause the death of fish and other aquatic organisms. The polluted water gives off a pungent smell peculiar to benzene series. Toluene is a first-class combustible, and its mixture of steam and air is explosive. In case of explosion and fire, black smoke will be emitted and flames will spread along the ground. When you enter the scene, your eyes and throat will feel tingling, tears and itching, and you can smell a special aromatic smell.
Hazard characteristics: flammable, and its vapor can form an explosive mixture with air. It is easy to burn and explode when exposed to open fire and high heat. Can react strongly with oxidant. The flow velocity is too fast, which is easy to generate and accumulate static electricity. Its vapor is heavier than air, and it can spread to a considerable distance at a lower place, which will lead to tempering when it meets an open flame.
Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
3. Field emergency monitoring methods:
Water quality detection tube method; Gas detection tube method; Portable gas chromatograph
Rapid detection tube method "Emergency monitoring and treatment and disposal technology of sudden environmental pollution accidents" edited by Wan Bentai 6. Emergency treatment and disposal methods:
First, the emergency treatment of leakage
Quickly evacuate the personnel in the leaked and polluted area to a safe area, isolate them, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the fire. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and fire protection clothing. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible to prevent it from entering confined spaces such as sewers and flood discharge ditches. Small amount of leakage: absorbed by activated carbon or other inert substances. You can also brush the emulsion made of incombustible dispersant, and dilute the emulsion and put it into the wastewater system. A large number of water leaks: build a dike or dig a pit to accommodate; Cover with foam to reduce steam disaster. It is transported by explosion-proof pump, moved to special collector, recovered or transported to waste disposal site for disposal. If a large amount of toluene is spilled on the ground, sand and soil should be used immediately to block the diffusion of liquid; If dumped in water, dam should be built immediately to cut off the flow of polluted water, or fence should be used to cut off the diffusion of toluene; If nail polish spills into the soil, the contaminated soil should be collected immediately and quickly transferred to a safe place to volatilize. Strengthen the ventilation of the accident site, evaporate the residual liquid and eliminate the steam.
Second, the protective measures
Respiratory system protection: when the concentration in the air exceeds the standard, you should wear a self-priming filter gas mask (half mask). Air respirator or oxygen respirator should be worn during emergency rescue or evacuation.
Eye protection: Wear chemical safety glasses.
Physical protection: wear anti-virus infiltration overalls.
Hand protection: wear latex gloves.
Others: Smoking and eating are prohibited in the workplace. After work, take a shower and change clothes. Maintain good hygiene habits.
Third, first aid measures.
Skin contact: take off contaminated clothes and rinse skin thoroughly with soapy water and clean water.
Eye contact: Lift eyelids and rinse with running water or normal saline. See a doctor.
Inhalation: leave the scene quickly and go to a place with fresh air. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. If you have difficulty breathing, give oxygen. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration immediately. See a doctor.
Ingestion: Drink plenty of warm water, induce vomiting and seek medical advice.
Fire extinguishing method: spray water to keep the burning container cool. Move the container from the fire to an empty place as much as possible. If the container in the fire changes color or the safety pressure relief device sounds, it must be evacuated immediately. Extinguishing agent: foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand. Fire extinguishing with water is ineffective.