1. Extreme environment in breeding season: Emperor penguins live in Antarctica. During the breeding period, the temperature is extremely low, the wind is strong and food is scarce. Penguin parents need to take care of their chicks constantly. These extreme environments and lifestyles will accelerate the aging of penguins.
2. Insufficient nutrition: Emperor penguins live in the Antarctic, and the food source is single, and there are relatively few nutrients in the food. It is difficult for emperor penguins to get enough nutrition, resulting in relatively poor health.
3. Natural enemy threat: Emperor penguins live in the Antarctic and have many natural enemies, such as seals and whales. These natural enemies will pose a threat to emperor penguins and shorten their life span.