1, the most common gynecological disease during lactation.
First, mastitis
Acute mastitis is an acute purulent infection of the breast caused by pathogenic bacteria invading and growing in the breast, which is common in lactating women, especially primiparas. Because the nipple of the new mother is not clean or damaged when breastfeeding, bacteria may take the opportunity to invade and cause infection. At the same time, if the nipple of the new mother is too small, invaginated or the breastfeeding posture is incorrect, the newborn will suck less, which will easily lead to milk deposition, and may also lead to the proliferation and infection of invasive bacteria; In addition, when the baby often sleeps with the nipple or the baby suffers from stomatitis and sucks milk, the new mother is prone to mastitis.
How to prevent mastitis during lactation
1, timely and correct treatment of breast distension: 30g of orange pit can be used after delivery and decocted with water. Generally, 2-3 doses can prevent milk deposition. Primary breast enlargement can be relieved by making babies suck frequently. For secondary breast fullness, wet and hot compress and breast massage can be used before feeding, and then some milk can be squeezed out to reduce breast fullness and let the baby suck better. Cold compress after feeding can reduce congestion and pain and avoid tension and anxiety.
2. Drain the silted milk and dredge the mammary duct: There are many methods in milk ejection, such as artificial milking, milking with breast pump (or breast pump), long-term acupuncture and massage of milk ejection, etc., but no matter which method is adopted, it is necessary to drain the silted milk and dredge the mammary duct as much as possible. The commonly used method is manual milking, so while helping to discharge milk, we should teach lactating mothers to master the correct milking method, so as to relieve breast fullness in time and reduce the occurrence of mastitis. If necessary, you can help empty your breasts by sucking your spouse.
3, insist on breastfeeding, don't stop breastfeeding: breast milk is an excellent natural nutrient for babies, which is convenient, economical, nutritious and safe. It can also enhance the relationship between mother and child, and the antibodies contained in it can also improve the disease resistance of babies. Therefore, even if acute mastitis occurs, don't go back to milk easily and stop breastfeeding. If acute mastitis can be treated in time as soon as possible, so that the blocked mammary duct is unblocked and the accumulated milk is discharged, the condition will soon improve. Therefore, before mastitis forms abscess, the baby should be allowed to suck more, help to excrete milk and dredge the mammary duct.
4. Suck the affected breast first: Because the baby is hungry, the initial sucking force is relatively large. Therefore, when the mother suffering from mastitis is breastfeeding, let the baby suck the affected breast first, and try to let the baby suck the air first, and then feed the other side. This will help clear the blocked mammary duct.
5, timely treatment of chapped nipples: chapped nipples, bacteria will invade from the chapped place, causing mastitis. On the other hand, chapped nipples cause pain, affect normal lactation, cause milk deposition, become a culture medium for bacteria and cause mastitis. Therefore, chapped nipples should be treated as soon as possible to prevent mastitis caused by bacterial invasion.
6. Breastfeeding according to the needs of mother and baby: Most parturients are still influenced by traditional ideas, and give their babies regular and quantitative breastfeeding. If they have abdominal distension or don't breastfeed for a long time, the milk is easy to deposit and induce mastitis. Therefore, breastfeeding mothers should breastfeed on demand and empty their breasts at any time.
7. Pay attention to the cleanliness of nipples: wash nipples with warm water or scrub with 75% alcohol in the third trimester; Wash the nipple before and after each postpartum lactation, and keep the part clean and dry.
Second, breast hyperplasia
Breast hyperplasia is closely related to endocrine disorders and estrogen and progesterone imbalance. There is generally no need to take medicine, because mammary gland hyperplasia is closely related to mood. Patients should pay attention to less anger, maintain a lively and cheerful mood, and eat less salty before menstruation. Some beauty agencies claim that massage can treat hyperplasia of mammary glands, and there is no medical basis. At best, it can only improve the skin and appearance of the breast. On the contrary, if you use hormone-containing beauty products for breast enhancement, it may aggravate your condition.
How to prevent mammary gland hyperplasia during lactation
1, keep a good attitude: less angry, less angry, keep emotional stability, lively and cheerful.
2. Change eating habits: eat less fried, high-calorie and high-fat foods; Eat less spicy food. Eat more iodine-rich seafood such as seaweed and kelp, vegetables, fruits, bean products, fungi, fungus and coarse grains.
3. Maintain good living habits: live regularly, combine work and rest, and don't stay up late. Maintaining a harmonious sexual life can regulate endocrine disorders. Keeping the stool unobstructed can reduce breast pain.
4, reduce estrogen in the body: exercise more, eat too much fat to prevent obesity. Protect the liver and strengthen the inactivation of excess estrogen by the liver.
5. Control estrogen intake: it is forbidden to abuse contraceptives and beauty products containing estrogen; Eat less poultry and aquatic products fed with feed (including hormones); Cautious use of health care products containing estrogen; Cautious use of hormone replacement therapy to relieve menopausal symptoms.
6. Others: avoid multiple induced abortions and drug abortions; Encourage pregnant women to breastfeed and prevent problems before they happen.
Third, uterine fibroids
Uterine leiomyoma, also known as uterine leiomyoma, is a common benign tumor in female reproductive organs, which is common in women of childbearing age. According to the survey of women's diseases jointly conducted by Health Times and 39 Health Net, the results show that the age of diagnosis of hysteromyoma is 71.08% between 20 and 30 years old; 3 1-35 years old is 2 1.3 1%. The main pathogenic factors are vigorous ovarian function and long-term estrogen stimulation. In addition, family inheritance, age and chromosomal mutation are also important causes of uterine fibroids.
How to prevent hysteromyoma during lactation
1, do a good job of nursing care: ovarian function declines during lactation. Especially after long-term lactation, due to long-term low ovarian function, it can lead to uterine atrophy, loose supporting structure and suspension device of uterus, and decreased tension and elasticity of pelvic floor muscles. In this case, if you encounter external factors such as increased abdominal pressure or postural force, you can induce uterine fibroids. Less than 9% of patients with hysteromyoma have breast-feeding less than 1 year, while more than 90% have breast-feeding more than 1 year. It shows that the incidence of hysteromyoma increases obviously when the lactation period exceeds 1 year.
2, do a good job in adolescent health care: 12 years old to 18 years old women are called puberty. Because the ovaries and female reproductive organs in adolescence are not fully developed, they are easily affected by the external and internal environment and various diseases occur, thus affecting the normal development and reproductive function of women. Women with dysplasia have weak muscles and poor ligament tension, often accompanied by abdominal wall relaxation, which cannot be called physical weakness. This kind of person is usually accompanied by visceral organ ptosis (such as nephroptosis, gastroptosis, etc.). ). If the intra-abdominal pressure rises for some reason, uterine fibroids are prone to occur.
4. Pay attention to menstrual care: Although menstrual period is a physiological phenomenon in which women are in reproductive period, the excitability of female cerebral cortex decreases during menstrual period. In addition, pelvic congestion is caused by endocrine, so the systemic and local resistance decreases. If we don't pay attention to menstrual health care, it will easily cause various acute and chronic diseases of women and affect women's health. Especially when women are stimulated by cold (mainly cold water) during menstruation, it is easy to cause ovarian dysfunction, leading to menstrual disorders and even amenorrhea. At present, it is considered that ovarian function is obviously related to the tension of pelvic supporting tissue. During amenorrhea, due to the decline of ovarian function, low estrogen secretion and decreased tension of pelvic supporting tissue, uterine fibroids are prone to occur.
Fourth, cervical diseases.
As long as women who have sex, more than 80% have different degrees of cervical diseases. Therefore, young mothers, especially those who have a history of sexual life for more than 3 years, have a history of abortion, and often or irregularly take contraceptives, it is best to go to gynecology for TCT smear examination regularly to find cervical lesions in advance. If there are symptoms such as abnormal leucorrhea, pruritus vulvae, lower abdominal pain, backache, irregular menstruation, etc., you should also go to the gynecology department to check the cervix in time.
How to prevent cervical diseases during lactation
1, Regular gynecological examination: Because the initial symptoms of many cervical diseases are not obvious, most of them are found after gynecological examination or the symptoms are obvious, it is a good way to prevent cervical diseases by doing gynecological examination in order to find cervical diseases early.
2, pay attention to sexual hygiene: unclean sex life is one of the main causes of cervical diseases. With sexual life, especially unclean sexual life, pathogenic microorganisms are easily brought into women's private parts and go up to the cervix, leading to cervical diseases. Therefore, female friends must do a good job of hygiene.
3. Avoid surgical infection: Take timely and effective contraceptive measures to reduce induced abortion. The incidence of induced labor, in order to reduce the chance of man-made trauma and bacterial infection. Prevent instruments from damaging the cervix during delivery, and suture the laceration of the cervix in time after delivery to avoid bacterial infection.
4. Actively treat gynecological inflammation: If it is not actively treated, the stimulation of inflammation will increase day by day, and the local inflammatory secretions will increase accordingly, and the cervix will be eroded if it is soaked in inflammatory secretions for a long time. (Refer to website: 39 Health Network)
2. Etiology of gynecological diseases in women.
Firstly, the higher the temperature, the higher the incidence of gynecological diseases.
It is understood that every year when the weather gets warmer, gynecological diseases are in a state of high incidence. In addition to the general reproductive tract infection, life stress will lead to endocrine changes, which will easily lead to gynecological problems. In addition, sedentary, swimming near the physiological period, abuse of antibiotics and other unhealthy lifestyles are also "killers" who overdraw women's reproductive health. Many women like swimming in summer, and germs easily invade the human body, causing uterine infection. If a woman swims before menstruation, it will lead to menstrual disorder after being stimulated by cold water. Director Wu pointed out, "In addition, sitting often can easily lead to gynecological inflammation. The temperature rises, the room is sultry, and sedentary causes poor pelvic blood circulation, which can lead to dysmenorrhea and gynecological inflammation. "
Some women are reluctant to see a doctor after they have symptoms of gynecological diseases, thinking that they can take some antibiotics, which is wrong. In fact, while killing pathogenic bacteria, antibiotics will also cause the imbalance of beneficial bacteria in the human body, causing diseases such as "candidiasis in female private parts". The same is true of emulsion, which will destroy the internal environment and lead to inflammation of female private parts. Therefore, it is best not to take antibiotics or lotions yourself.
The second is that gynecological examination is the insurance for women's health.
Ms. Zhang, who works in a software company in Shanghai, is 35 years old. She has a beauty salon card and goes there at least once a week to maintain her skin and figure. When asked by a reporter whether she would go to the hospital for gynecological examination regularly, Ms. Zhang said, "I am not sick. What should I check? " She has every reason to think that she has neither an unclean sexual life history nor personal hygiene, and there is almost no possibility of getting sick, which is too far away from gynecological diseases.
The reporter immediately surveyed more than 30 women involved in other industries, and almost all of them held a similar view to Ms. Zhang, thinking that as long as they paid attention to personal hygiene, they would not get gynecological diseases.
Experts remind: It doesn't mean that paying attention to hygiene can completely avoid diseases. Women have different reproductive characteristics in different physiological periods. Once the reproductive system and endocrine system of women fail, gynecological diseases will occur. Many gynecological diseases are asymptomatic and not easy to detect in the early stage. It is recommended that women go to the hospital regularly for routine gynecological examinations.
Third, try not to use drugs before gynecological examination.
Generally speaking, routine gynecological examinations include routine urine examination, leucorrhea examination, gynecological B-ultrasound examination (need to drink water to suppress urine), electronic female privates mirror and hysteroscopy.
Before gynecological examination, women should avoid taking drugs in private parts, because drugs will affect the slice samples and cover abnormal cells; Don't wash women's private parts, so as not to wash away some potential cancer cells; In addition, the day before the examination should avoid the life of husband and wife, because the semen left in the female private parts will be mixed with the extracted slice samples and cover the abnormal cells.
In order to prevent infection and avoid menstrual period, it is best to choose the time from the end of menstruation to the day before ovulation, because at this time, women's cervix is the most open in the menstrual cycle, which is convenient for examination and treatment.