Attracting investment has become a common practice for local governments in China to develop their economy. And it has become the core work of local governments. Undoubtedly, attracting investment is one of the most important achievements of reform and opening up, which has greatly promoted the accelerated development of China's economy. It should continue to be the basic policy of China's future opening to the outside world. However, some places are eager for success, which may lead to the misunderstanding of attracting investment. It deserves high vigilance.
1. Sports-style national investment promotion arranged by the government.
In order to get quick results, some places, led by the government, make great efforts to attract investment throughout the country, and decompose the task of attracting investment layer by layer. Party and government organs and even the National People's Congress, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the courts have quota targets. Investment performance has become an important basis for official performance evaluation. It is understandable that local governments are eager to attract investment to promote economic development. However, attracting investment is a systematic project, involving many factors such as politics and economy, and mobilizing the whole people to attract investment will not help solve the problem. Some officials, in order to achieve political achievements in a short period of time or complete the task of attracting investment, will be released as long as they can introduce funds, no matter whether the project is good or bad. The result of this formalism of attracting investment is likely to be a waste of people and money, and it is difficult to achieve practical results.
2, disorderly competition
We regard preferential policies as the primary means to attract foreign investment, and in order to attract foreign investment, we will not hesitate to provide more preferential policies to undermine each other. In some places, land is even transferred directly, pollution is not checked, fees are greatly reduced, and taxes are fully returned. Leading foreign-funded enterprises to surpass national treatment and form an unfair competitive advantage for domestic enterprises. It is worth pointing out that the economic development in the central and western regions is under great pressure, and cadres are too eager to attract investment, which is particularly prone to the above misconduct. We should learn the painful lessons from the eastern region and resolutely shut out enterprises with high pollution, high energy consumption and no environmental protection. To attract investment, we should weigh the cost and benefit, and adhere to the principle that the overall benefit is greater than the local cost. It should be conducive to the transformation of economic model and structural optimization, rather than to the healthy development of the economy.
Therefore, the scientific formulation of China's investment planning and policies has become a problem that decision-making departments must seriously consider. Scientific Outlook on Development, which is comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable, requires us to change our ideas and establish the idea of unifying the quality and quantity of investment attraction and coordinating economic development with environmental resources. The strategy of attracting investment should be adjusted according to the characteristics of regional economy and the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development. Generally speaking, it is to adjust the thinking, grasp the key points and innovate the model.
Second, the dynamic change of industrial transfer: from paying attention to cost to paying attention to market.
The financial crisis caused the developed countries' economies to shrink, and the motivation of manufacturing and processing industries to transfer to China decreased accordingly, which made it difficult for China to attract investment.
The typical characteristics of the current world economy are resource shortage (such as energy, raw materials and grain) and overcapacity (capital-intensive: such as real estate; Technology-intensive: such as automobiles and electronic information products; Low value-added industrial products, such as textiles). The world has entered a period when consumer demand determines economic prospects. Insufficient demand has led the world economy to enter a deflationary channel. Market demand has become the first driving force to determine the survival and development of the industry. Where there is a large sustainable consumption market, it will become the main object of industrial transfer. This will change the driving force of industrial transfer from cost to market in the past. With the change of international economic characteristics, low cost (low wages, cheap resources and other preferential policies) will no longer be the attraction of industrial transfer, and the role of preferential policies will be weakened day by day. The increasingly broad market development prospect and high rate of return have become the decisive factors of industrial transfer. Therefore, the overall strategy of attracting investment in China should be adjusted accordingly.
Although China itself is facing the problem of insufficient domestic demand and the current consumption level is difficult to attract international industrial transfer, China is in the initial stage of economic take-off, and huge demand can be created by accelerating the urbanization process and the transformation of development mode. So it can also create a powerful driving force to attract industrial transfer.
China is in the early stage of urbanization, and there is huge room for economic development. By accelerating the process of urbanization, the government can create huge demand to digest the excess capacity brought by the current advanced industrialization; The urbanization process provides a large number of employment opportunities, which can solve the employment of a large number of migrant workers; At the same time, if we reform the unreasonable system that restricts the urbanization process, improve the social security mechanism, and promote a large number of farmers to transfer to urban agglomerations at low cost. A large number of agricultural population is concentrated in cities, which is not only conducive to agricultural intensive management, but also creates huge demand for urban (production/life-oriented) service industry. This will provide a broad development space for small and medium-sized enterprises. The prosperity and development of small and medium-sized enterprises can fundamentally solve the dilemma of the sharp decline of private investment and stimulate the substantial growth of economic central investment. In fact, the employment problem in China can only be effectively solved if the enthusiasm of private investment is rapidly improved and private enterprises flourish. The prosperity of private enterprises, the increase of employment and the improvement of income level will inject greater impetus into industrialization. It is conducive to entering a virtuous circle of urbanization and industrialization. The healthy development of China's economy will lay a solid foundation for optimizing the investment environment for attracting foreign investment.
In the process of urbanization, the government can build a brand-new regional growth pole through infrastructure construction, scientific layout of corresponding industries and adjustment and optimization of economic structure, open up the best development space and tap rare development opportunities for industrial transfer, and form the great attraction of industrial transfer, which is incomparable to any preferential policy. The nature of capital determines that the industry always moves towards the region with the greatest market potential and the best development opportunities. Therefore, it is more effective and scientific to use urbanization process to open up new space for economic development and provide opportunities for industrial development as a new idea of attracting investment. This is not only the inevitable choice of market mechanism, but also the objective requirement of scientific development.
Third, the structural change of attracting investment: we should strengthen the service industry to attract investment!
At present, it is a common problem in China to attract investment from manufacturing and processing industries while ignoring technology and service industries. It equates economic development with construction, ignoring the dynamic role of scientific and technological innovation and management. We really need to introduce some advanced industrial projects, but the purpose of introduction is not only to increase production capacity. But through the introduction to improve their own technical level, independent innovation ability, learn from other people's advanced management experience. To attract investment, we should grasp the general direction of China's current economic development requirements-it is conducive to optimizing the economic structure and increasing employment.
At present, there are more than 650 kinds of products with overcapacity in China. However, from the desire of local economic development, many places are scrambling to attract investment to expand the production capacity of local related industries. Due to the lack of national coordination, it is likely to cause new overcapacity. This requires that before the level of domestic demand is effectively improved, local governments should avoid introducing industrial projects (especially large projects) that have or may have overcapacity, and actively introduce projects that lack technical industries (such as modern service industries and emerging industries), which is the basic requirement to ensure the quality of investment promotion.
From the requirements of structural optimization, the proportion of service industry in GDP is too low, and the proportion of service industry employment in total employment is too low. This is an important problem to be solved in China's economic structure optimization. Accelerating the development of service industry is of great significance for implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, changing the mode of economic growth, effectively adjusting the economic structure and expanding employment. With the rapid progress of China's manufacturing industry in recent years, the focus of international industrial transfer will shift to knowledge-based service industry and new technology manufacturing industry. Such as high-end services such as finance, information and global supply chain management, and global configuration in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace, energy, medicine and bioengineering. At the same time, the cycle of technology upgrading is shortening day by day, and the current low demand makes the advanced (industrial) technologies in developed countries face the risk of elimination or depreciation, which provides an opportunity for China to accelerate the investment promotion of knowledge-based service industry and new technology manufacturing industry.
Judging from the effect of increasing employment. The service industry has the largest employment capacity. With the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing economy in developed countries to service economy, the proportion of service industry in the economy has reached more than 700,6, while the proportion of manufacturing industry has dropped to about 10%, and the large-scale transfer of manufacturing industry to developing countries has come to an end. Service industry is becoming a new hot spot of industrial transfer, in which professional services such as finance, insurance, law, warehousing, marketing, logistics and even R&D have become the key areas of industrial transfer, and the proportion of service industry in transnational direct investment has been rising, surpassing manufacturing, reaching more than 50%.
Drawing lessons from the experience of developed countries, China should extend the industrial chain by accelerating the integration of manufacturing and service industries, and create more employment opportunities and generate higher development benefits by accelerating the development of service industries. Fundamentally solve the employment problems of migrant workers and college students. This is the strategic direction for China to solve the employment problem. With the service industry investment becoming the new focus of international industrial transfer, local governments should adjust the focus and direction of attracting investment in time to realize the transformation from "manufacturing investment" to "service investment". Increase investment attraction in service industry.
It is worth noting that the service industry is the easiest industry for small and medium-sized private enterprises to enter and have the largest development space, and small and medium-sized enterprises are the most potential innovation subjects with great potential to promote economic development through innovation. Because the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is conducive to fundamentally changing the proportion of service industry in GDP and employment ratio. Therefore, we must change the one-sided view of focusing only on attracting big and strong, and pay enough attention to attracting small and medium-sized private enterprises and corresponding service industry investment. A large number of investments in small and medium-sized enterprises and service industries may bring better economic vitality, demonstration effect and increase employment to the local area than a few large enterprises.
Fourth, investment promotion should focus on the project to the industrial chain!
The general law of industrial transfer is that different links in the industrial chain are carried out in order of value, that is, the links with the lowest value (such as manufacturing and processing industries) are transferred first, and then other higher-level links are transferred. With the intensification of international competition, the deepening of economic globalization, the acceleration of technological innovation progress and diffusion, and the improvement of intellectual property protection in developing countries, high-tech industries are also showing a transfer trend. Developed countries not only continue to transfer the processing and assembly of high-tech industries to developing countries, but also transfer parts production, logistics, marketing and even some R&D activities to other countries through project outsourcing and offshore, and even move the entire industrial chain to developing countries, so as to minimize costs, speed up cost recovery and shorten the cycle from R&D to profitability.
We should emancipate our minds, break the traditional project investment mode, and actively explore and try various new modes such as industrial cluster investment, industrial chain investment and even regional comprehensive development investment. Take the initiative to undertake the international industrial chain and even the overall transfer of the region. Take measures in regional and industrial opening-up, achieve a major breakthrough in opening-up, encourage and guide the expansion of foreign capital to areas and fields in line with national industrial policies, and encourage and guide industrial transfer with a good environment.
It should be noted that attracting investment to undertake industrial transfer is not completely harmless. In order to maximize the benefits, the transferor will try to control the core technology and marketing network, and do everything possible to bring the countries or regions undertaking industrial transfer into its leading division of labor system, thus posing a challenge to the regions undertaking industrial transfer to improve their position in the global division of labor and achieve the goal of catching up. On the other hand, the transfer of international industries to China may form a monopoly of technology, brand, market and industry in China, posing a severe challenge to China's economic and industrial security.
The strategy of attracting investment to meet the challenge and avoid disadvantages is to take advantage of the opportunity of urban capital construction and industrial space redistribution in the process of urbanization to consciously and purposefully seize the commanding heights of future economic competition as much as possible. Such as urban construction, communication network, advertising media and modern services. In particular, we must grasp many key links in the relevant industrial chain. For example, areas undertaking industrial transfer may not have advantages in technical design and external marketing, but it is entirely possible to seize the strategic advantages of local raw material supply, logistics and transportation, marketing and even more links according to local conditions.
In order to effectively break the technological monopoly of foreign-funded enterprises, more competitors can be introduced to create a level playing field. And use the extension of the industrial chain to attract a large number of supporting enterprises in different links of the industrial chain, so that fierce competition forces enterprises to take out core technologies to participate in the competition. In order to improve the overall technical level of the undertaking area more quickly. For example, it is the fierce competition of many famous multinational companies entering China in China that has rapidly improved the overall technical level of China's electronic information industry.
Of course, simply undertaking industrial transfer can only narrow the technological gap and never achieve a historic leap. Only by combining undertaking industrial transfer with advocating independent innovation and encouraging independent innovation of local enterprises can endogenous power be enhanced. Gradually form its own unique technology, replace foreign brands with its own brand, occupy its own market first, and then expand to the international market. This is the fundamental way to finally break the monopoly and improve yourself.