In 2008, the world entered the era of personal genome. Since April, the genome map of james watson, the father of DNA, the first female genome map, the first cancer genome map and the first Han genome map have been released one after another. These achievements have brought new horizons for the study of diseases.
2008 Nobel Prize
In 2008, virologists and GFP experts were the biggest winners of the Nobel Prize. The physiology or medicine prize was awarded to three scientists who discovered HIV and human papillomavirus, while the chemistry prize was awarded to three key figures in the field of green fluorescent protein, namely, Shimomura Xiu, Martin Shafei and Qian Yongjian.
China scientist Nature rewrites the evolutionary history.
Scientists in China have made up the missing jigsaw puzzle in dinosaur-bird evolution. The new discovery of Zhang Fucheng and other researchers rewrote the history of dinosaur-bird evolution, and they restored the truth of history.
Scientific rewriting of cancer research: tumor metastasis is not an advanced event.
New research results have subverted the classic cancer theory. Tumor cell metastasis is not an advanced cancer event, but cancer metastasis has quietly started from the early stage of cancer occurrence. This new discovery will change the treatment strategy of cancer.
Top Award of Ten Scientific Breakthroughs: Cell Programmed Rearrangement Technology
IPS technology made great progress in 2008, and was selected as one of the top ten scientific breakthroughs in Science in February, 65438. Its research significance lies in opening a new chapter in the field of regenerative medicine, and the treatment methods of human diseases have undergone fundamental changes because of it.
Britain releases "human-beast embryo": there will be no "ape warrior"
The research of human embryonic stem cells is restricted by ethics, so scientists will hope to turn to cloning technology, and hope to construct mixed embryos of human and animals through animal eggs and get out of the predicament. Britain became the first country to eat crabs, and national legislation approved the research on human and beast embryos.
A major breakthrough in cloning research: freezing healthy cloned mice
It is not a dream, but a reality to extract the nucleus from a dead cell of mouse brain tissue preserved at -20℃ for 16 years and produce 12 healthy cloned embryos by cloning technology. Scientists have made a new breakthrough in the newly developed cloning technology. This means that humans can clone dinosaurs and Egyptian pharaohs in the future. As long as they can get dead cells, scientists can bring them back to life.
The Lancet published a breakthrough in stem cell therapy.
Stem cells have always been a hot field in regenerative medicine research. In 2008, many achievements were made in stem cell theory research, but there was no breakthrough in stem cell therapy technology. The achievement of The Lancet has made a qualitative leap in the field of stem cell therapy. The researchers used the patient's stem cells to cultivate organs in vitro and then transplanted them into the patient's body, which successfully cured the patient. This milestone has accelerated the pace of stem cell therapy.
The world's first artificial seedless red blood cell was born, donated blood or became history.
Blood, the fluid of life. In 2008, scientists cultivated human seedless red blood cells for the first time, which means that human beings have taken a very important step in the process of artificial blood, and people will not have to worry about blood shortage in the future. Once this technology is successfully applied to actual production, you can have as much blood as you want. In the future, blood donation will also become history.
2007
July
July 2007 18, Clegg? The research team led by Fant cloned the genome of mucilage into Mycoplasma caprae, which is the first time that humans have cloned a complete genome between different species.
June
On June 29th, 2007, the international cooperation team completed the genome sequencing of Aedes aegypti, and found that it contained about13.76 million base pairs, consisting of about15,000 genes. This research helps to prevent and treat some infectious diseases, such as dengue fever or yellow fever.
May
May 22nd, 2007 is the International Biodiversity Day. This year's theme is "Biodiversity and Climate Change".
On May 2, 2007, since April, more than 800 seals, large and small, have been found dead in the Caspian Sea area of Kazakhstan, probably because of warm winter and premature melting of ice.
On May 1 2007, scientists from Emory University and yerkes National Primate Research Center speculated that the origin of human language may come from body movements.
March
On March 27th, 2007, scientists from the University of Nevada in the United States bred a sheep with 15% human cells after seven years of research. Their ultimate goal is to cultivate a sheep with human organs.
On March 13, 2007, scientists at the University of Washington in the United States believed that global warming would lead to the proliferation of bacteria and the release of toxic gases. This phenomenon may be one of the reasons for several extinction events in the past. And may repeat history in today's world.
On March 12, 2007, scientists from Seoul National University announced that they had identified hundreds of pathogenic genes of rice blast pathogens.
March 2007 1 1, Max, Germany? Scientists at the Institute of Neurobiology of Planck Institute have solved the control mechanism of synapses in nerve cells by using special analytical methods.
On March 2, 2007, scientists from Japan Institute of Physical and Chemical Research published an article in the latest issue of the magazine, saying that they successfully cultivated embryonic stem cells from the eggs of experimental mice that failed in in vitro fertilization.
February
On February 24th, 2007, scientists from Iowa State University found that chimpanzees in Senegal used branches as spears to hunt monkeys. And only females have this skill.
2008
On March 12, scientists at Carnegie Institution found that there was no net difference between carbon dioxide and oxygen when some microorganisms were carrying out photosynthesis. Their research object is a kind of cyanobacteria called Synechococcus. (Science Daily)
On June 5438 +654381October+May 5, the gene research of treponema pertinensis was carried out, and new evidence supporting the theory that syphilis was brought to Europe by Columbus and his crew from America was found. (new scientist)
In June 5438 +654381October+May, paleontologists discovered the skull fossil of a new rodent species, Josephoartigasia monesi, which was about 53 cm long. The estimated weight of this animal is over 1000 kg, and it is the largest known rodent. (natural news)
65438+1October 1 1, American scientists used RNAi technology to detect thousands of genes, and then identified 273 human protein related to HIV virus proliferation, so that AIDS treatment may be aimed at human protein in addition to the traditional drugs of the virus itself.
10 year1October 26th, James, one of the main discoverers of DNA double helix structure? Watson, who retired from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory for 43 years, resigned because of controversial racial remarks made earlier.
65438 10 8, the 2007 nobel prize in physiology or medicine was announced, and two American scientists Mario? r？ Capecci and Oliver? Smith and British scientist Martin? j？ Evans won the award.
On September 20th, paleontologists from the American Museum of Natural History and the Field Museum of Natural History found feather-stem nodules on a velociraptor fossil specimen unearthed in Mongolia in 1998, indicating that this creature was covered with feathers.