First, the causes of children's psychological problems
1. Adverse effects of family environment
Family is the foundation and main place for children's development. Parents' educational methods and the harmony among family members are important factors affecting children's mental health development. In modern families, "expecting children to succeed" and "expecting daughters to succeed" are the expectations of many parents. This expectation leads many parents to have the following two attitudes when educating their children: the first attitude is to ask too much of their children, the education method is harsh, and sometimes they reprimand, beat and scold them face to face regardless of the occasion, demanding absolute obedience. This will hurt the child's self-esteem, and the psychological pressure will be too great, which will eventually lead to depression, retreat and rebellion. The second attitude is to spoil and obey children, which easily leads to children's selfish, willful, arrogant, lazy, dependent and other bad psychology. These two completely different educational methods are harmful to children's normal psychological development. In addition, family breakdown will also cause psychological trauma and loss to children. According to the research, due to the lack of paternal love or maternal love, children from divorced families will have negative emotions, dislike learning and be hostile to their classmates. Therefore, family breakdown will cause children's strong psychological imbalance.
2. The unhealthy trend of children's own weaknesses.
Human psychology is a multi-level and multi-faceted unity composed of various psychological components. In the period of gradually strengthening self-awareness, children's independence and dependence coexist, and consciousness and naivety coexist. On the one hand, they found a new self and demanded independence; On the other hand, it is naive and lacks the necessary analysis and judgment ability. They are young, have little experience and knowledge, are not good at controlling their emotions with reason, and their feelings are unstable. Therefore, children in this period can't stand the temptation of the outside world, and under the influence of negative environmental factors, it is easy to form narrow consciousness and bad mentality. Therefore, children's own personality weakness is the main factor of their psychological problems.
3. The adverse effects of school education mistakes
For a long time, China's school education has been influenced by the one-sided pursuit of the enrollment rate, which has led many schools to only attach importance to students' intellectual education, and even evaluate students' merits by scores, while ignoring students' psychological education. In fact, in modern society, it is more important for students to have perfect personality and individuality than wisdom and ability. Because social employment has not only assessed professional skills, but also needs talents with better psychological quality. It can be seen that the traditional exam-oriented education model has a negative impact on children's mental health development. Moreover, the school also has the problem of incorrect teacher education methods. Some teachers sarcastically and satirize students, and what's more, they beat and scold students, treat them equally, show special respect to students with high test scores or students with rich parents and high status, and treat students with poor academic performance or students from poor families as an alternative, which also seriously affects the formation of children's normal mentality. In addition, some schools pay lip service to quality education and shout slogans, but there is no practical action to implement quality education.
4. Negative influence of social negative factors
The influence factors of society on children are very extensive and complex. Bad public opinion orientation and unscrupulous egoism often make children feel at a loss in front of the complicated external world, which is very harmful to the healthy development of children's personality. The positive aspects of social atmosphere, such as new fashion, can promote children's good character and personality, but some bad social atmosphere can also corrode children's hearts. Some children imitate some adults, pay attention to eating, drinking and lying.
Second, children's psychological education countermeasures
1. Change the concept of education
Changing the educational concept formed over the years and making students develop morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically and laboriously in an all-round way should be regarded as a tangible action of education. For a long time, both school teachers and students' parents think that the only way out for students is to go to college, which leads to our country paying attention to test scores from primary education, regardless of the perfect growth of personality and personality. In order to get high marks in the exam, parents don't care about their children's health, don't let them have a moment's leisure, and endlessly make up various cultural classes, so that their children are indifferent and selfish and pursue exam rankings. Once they failed in the exam, they cried and couldn't stand the test of failure. Therefore, modern education must seriously implement quality education, cultivate students' all-round development, cultivate children's positive and optimistic life experience and attitude, and let them know that whatever they do in the future will be useful to society.
2. Face up to everything and guide correctly.
Adhering to correct guidance is required by children's psychological characteristics. First of all, in view of the common psychological problems of children, according to the actual situation of students and the urgent or potential psychological problems of children, give correct guidance, cultivate and improve the psychological quality of children's sexual health, and prevent the occurrence of behavioral deviation and psychological obstacles. Secondly, we should give correct guidance for the unique psychological deviation of children of different ages, different types and different environments. For example, cultivate the self-esteem and self-motivation of underachievers, cultivate the psychological endurance of top students and the sense of self-reliance of students with superior family conditions, and cultivate the self-confidence of students with poor family conditions, thus shaping the healthy personality quality of all kinds of children. The whole-oriented approach mentioned here is the combination of sexual mental health education and individual psychological guidance, so that every child can develop healthily.
3. Optimize the campus psychological environment and strengthen psychological counseling.
With the development and changes of physiology and psychology, children will become more and more confused, so they hope to get advice, either from teachers, classmates, parents or through various newspapers and books. But in a sense, children's psychological quality is internalized by collective psychology. Therefore, schools should attach importance to the construction of campus psychological environment, and carry out various meaningful activities in schools, so that every child can communicate freely and healthily, thus establishing harmonious interpersonal relationships, exerting and perfecting children's autonomy and creativity, and cultivating children's self-management ability. The school and all aspects of society are very concerned about their psychological doubts. Through psychological counseling, teach them the method of self-adjustment, guide them to look at reality correctly, handle the relationship between teachers and students, classmates, fathers (mothers) and sons (daughters), cultivate the spirit of optimism and enterprising, and establish a correct outlook on life and world.
4. Create a relaxed and free family atmosphere
Family is the first stop for children to grow up. Facts have proved that a democratic and harmonious family atmosphere can promote the formation of children's sound personality; The noisy family atmosphere or the family where parents go their separate ways put too much pressure on the children, which leads to the distortion of their personality. Therefore, as parents, we should think of our children, create a relaxed and happy family atmosphere for them, and let them develop physically and mentally under the influence of a loving family atmosphere.