Harmful factors: refers to factors that can affect people's health, cause diseases or cause chronic damage to things.
Question 2: What is the information source with risk factors? Recently, I wrote a paper on this subject, which was deeply touched. Nowadays, many people are blinded by the so-called \ \ "achievements". I'm going to write a paper in this field recently and read a lot of information. I was really shocked. Our country is now in crisis, kidnapped by dollars economically and surrounded by enemies militarily, which is particularly naive in people's cognition. \ r \ nTruth is the coat of power, and the essence of international politics is the law of the jungle. Although many people in China do not admit it, it is a fact. Now (30 years later), we can't afford to fight, our navy is too weak and our air force is too weak. As a result, the rich coastal areas have been turned into a sea of fire, and the United States is still much stronger than us. It will take at least 60 years to surpass the United States. Maybe our GDP will surpass him in 20 years, but I ask you, we only have a few trillion GDP in 20 years, while the GDP of the United States is several tens of billions of dollars a year. Can you compare the wealth accumulated during this period? I know many people will be unhappy if I say this, but these are all facts. Our development is not for the attention of other countries, but for our own prosperity. \ r \ Now many people in China are carried away by the temporary development, and think that they are great, even to the point of arrogance, which is very dangerous! \r\nAnswer your question now \r\n 10 years later, we will lose! \ r \ First, our economy has not formed an independent circular system, and foreign markets will collapse without it. \ r \ Second, our military strength is too weak (except for land warfare, what is really powerful, I mean sea and air capabilities), and it is impossible to completely subvert the present disadvantage within ten years. \ r \ Third, our international situation is not good. Looking around, which country is our friendly country? If there is a war, I don't think they will miss this excellent opportunity to fish in troubled waters. \ r \ Fourth, the possibility of war. It can be said that if the war starts in 10 years, the battlefield should be in China, and it will be severely weakened in the eastern coast, which accounts for 70% of China's production capacity. Not to mention the fact that we rely heavily on imported resources. \ r \ Fifth, at home. These factors are very likely to be exploited by the enemy (foreign countries have actually been investigating corrupt officials in China many years ago, and they may exchange information for the lives of their dogs when they go to war) \ r \ n \ r \ Enough. Those who are dissatisfied with me should think it over before scolding me. Our country is now in crisis, and we need a sense of crisis, not complacency and arrogance.
Question 3: What are the functions and characteristics of health risk factors? Classification and function of health risk factors. 1. Classification of health risk factors; Environmental factors; Personal behavior factors; Human biological factors; Features: long incubation period; The comprehensive effect is obvious.
Question 4: What is risk analysis? Risk analysis is a method to calculate the influence of risk factors on the cause of death and life span through epidemiological investigation and measurement. In epidemiology and preventive medicine, according to the different expressions of the relationship between etiology, population and incidence, "risk" (or degree of risk) can be divided into absolute risk, relative risk and specific risk. American professors R.F. Moreton and J.R. Sibyl once defined it like this:
(1) Absolute risk (gender) refers to the incidence rate, that is, the probability of a certain disease and a certain condition;
(2) Relative risk (gender) is the ratio of the incidence of people with a certain factor to those without it (only a ratio), and it can also measure the intensity of the connection between a certain factor and the outcome. Therefore, high relative risk can point out the cause, so it is very important in etiological research;
(3) Specific risk (gender) is to measure the absolute risk (incidence) caused by a specific factor (such as smoking). When calculating, the incidence of a group with a certain factor (smokers) is subtracted from the incidence of a group without this factor (non-smokers), and the value is the specific risk (gender) caused by smoking.
For the above three dangers (degree >; Investigation, measurement and calculation are called hazard analysis.
Question 5: What are the independent risk factors? It refers to the main or only factor that causes diseases. For example, hypertension is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, and diabetes is an independent risk factor for stroke.
Question 6: What is hazard and what does hazard identification include? Concept of hazard source: the source or state that may lead to injury or disease, property loss, damage to working environment or a combination of these situations. Hazard source refers to the location, area, place, space, post, equipment and its position in the system, which has the potential danger of releasing energy and substances, can cause personal injury, property loss or environmental damage, and can be transformed into accidents under the action of certain triggering factors. Its essence is the source point or position with potential danger, the source of accidents, the core of energy and dangerous substances concentration, and the place where energy comes out or erupts. Danger exists in a certain system, and the scope of danger is different in different systems. For example, nationwide, a specific enterprise (such as an oil refinery) is a hazard source of dangerous industries (such as petroleum and chemical industry). From the enterprise system, it may be that a workshop or warehouse is a hazard source, and the workshop system may be a device or a hazard source; Therefore, the analysis of hazard sources should be carried out according to different levels of the system. Generally speaking, hidden dangers may or may not exist, and hidden dangers with hidden dangers of accidents must be rectified in time, otherwise accidents may occur at any time. In practice, the control and management of hidden dangers of accidents are always associated with certain hazards, because there are no dangerous hidden dangers, so they cannot be controlled; The control of dangerous sources is actually to eliminate or prevent hidden dangers of accidents. So in practice, these two concepts are sometimes misused. According to the above definition of hazard source, hazard source should be composed of three elements: potential danger, existing conditions and trigger factors. The potential danger of hazard sources refers to the degree of harm or loss that may be caused once an accident is caused, or the energy intensity or quality of dangerous substances that may be released by hazard sources. The existence conditions of hazards refer to the physical, chemical and restrictive conditions of hazards. For example, the pressure, temperature and chemical stability of substances, the firmness of pressure vessels, obstacles in the surrounding environment, etc. Although the trigger factor does not belong to the inherent attribute of hazard sources, it is the external cause of the transformation of hazard sources into accidents, and each type of hazard source has corresponding sensitive trigger factors. For example, flammable and explosive substances, heat energy is its sensitive fuse, and for pressure vessels, pressure rise is its sensitive fuse. Therefore, a hazard source is always associated with the corresponding trigger. Under the action of trigger factors, the hazard source is transformed into a dangerous state, and then into an accident. Hazard identification: the process of identifying the existence of hazards and determining their characteristics.
Question 7: What are the first and second types of hazards? The existence of energy and dangerous substances is the most fundamental cause of hazards, and the energy (energy or energy carrier) or dangerous substances that may be accidentally released are usually called the first type of hazards.
The second type of hazard source: all kinds of unsafe factors that cause the restriction and restriction measures of energy and dangerous substances to be out of control are called the second type of hazard source. Including: 1, the unsafe state of things. 2. People's unsafe behaviors. 3. Management defects.
Question 8: What does hazard identification include? 1, danger
Hazard source refers to the position, area, place, space, post, equipment and its location where there are potential energy and substances in the system, which can cause personal injury, property loss or environmental damage and can be transformed into accidents under the action of certain triggering factors.
2. Potential accidents
Refers to the production and business operation entities that violate laws, regulations, rules, standards, regulations and the provisions of the safety production system, or have dangerous states, unsafe behaviors and management defects that may lead to accidents in production and business operation activities due to other factors.
The hazard itself is a kind of "root cause", and the hidden danger of accidents may cause the subject to be injured or sick, and may also induce the subject to be injured or sick.
For example, the cylinder containing acetylene burst.
The hazard source is acetylene, which may lead to accidents; The accident hidden danger is the "state" of the accident caused by the rupture of acetylene cylinder.
3. Risk factors
Refers to factors that can cause casualties or sudden damage to things.
4. Harmful factors
Refers to factors that can affect people's health, cause diseases or cause chronic damage to things.
5. Identification of hazardous and harmful factors
The process of determining the existence and size of dangerous and harmful factors is generally called dangerous and harmful factors.
6. Dangerous and harmful factors.
(1), energy, harmful substances
A, energy is the ability to do work, which can not only benefit mankind, but also cause casualties or property losses; All energy sources and energy carriers that generate and supply energy may be dangerous and harmful factors under certain conditions.
B, harmful substances under certain conditions can damage the physiological function and normal metabolic function of the human body, damage the efficiency of equipment and articles, and is also the most fundamental hazard factor.
(2), out of control
Faults (including production, control, safety devices and auxiliary facilities, etc.). )
B, human error
C, management defects
D environmental factors such as temperature, wind, rain, lightning, lighting, etc. will cause equipment failure or personnel error.
Second, the identification method of hazard sources
Identification of general hazards
(1), according to GB/T13861-1992 "Classification and code of hazardous and harmful factors in production process" (types).
-Physical hazards and risk factors
-Chemical hazards and risk factors
-Biological hazards and risk factors
-Physiological risks and risk factors
Psychological risk and harmful factors
-Human behavioral risks and risk factors
-Other dangerous and harmful factors
I. Physical hazards and hazard factors
B, chemical hazards and hazardous factors
C, biological hazards and hazard factors
D, physiological risks and hazard factors
Abnormal health, engaging in taboo operations, etc.
E. Psychological risk and risk factors
Psychological abnormality; Identify functional defects, etc.
F, human behavior risk, harm
Command error, operation error, monitoring error, etc.
G. other dangerous and harmful factors.
(2) According to GB 6441-KLOC-0/986 "Classification of Casualty Accidents of Enterprise Employees".
Object impact
-Vehicle injuries
-Mechanical injury
-Lifting injuries
-Electric shock
be drowned
burn
-It's on fire
-Falling from a height
-Collapse
-Blasting (blasting)
-Chemical explosion (gas explosion, gunpowder explosion)
-Physical explosion (boiler explosion, container explosion)
-Other explosions
Poisoning and suffocation
-Other injuries
(3) Identify according to the accident data of domestic and foreign peers and the experience of relevant staff.
(4), the four basic elements of the accident.
-Unsafe behavior of people
-Unsafe state of things
-Unsafe conditions in the environment
-Management deficiencies
Third, the evaluation and classification of hazard sources
1, right and wrong judgment method
According to the accident data of the same industry at home and abroad and the experience of relevant staff, it is directly judged as an important risk factor.
2. Risk assessment method of operating conditions
Namely LEC method: when it is impossible to directly judge or determine whether it is an important risk factor, this method is used to evaluate whether it is an important risk factor.
Risk value (d) = possibility of accident or danger (l) * frequency of exposure to dangerous environment (e) * possible consequences of accident (c)
This is a semi-quantitative assessment method, which is used to assess the risk when working in a potentially dangerous environment. It uses the product of the index values of three factors related to the system risk rate to evaluate the casualty risk of system personnel. These three factors are: l is the possibility of accidents; E is the frequency of human exposure to this dangerous environment; C refers to the loss consequences when the accident occurs.
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Question 9: What do you mean by "four great tests" and "four great dangers"? The four tests are: ruling test, reform and opening test, market economy test and external environment test. The four dangers are: the danger of mental slack, the danger of lack of ability, the danger of being divorced from the masses, and the danger of negative corruption.