As the saying goes, food is the most important thing for people. Maslow believes that human needs are hierarchical, from low to high. They are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, respect needs and self-realization needs. The right to subsistence is a basic human right, and meeting people's most basic needs is their basic needs. It is also the responsibility of the government to help the poor and solve the problem of food and clothing for poor families and groups.
Although it is an effective way to solve the survival problem to establish the minimum living security system and give monthly subsidies to families and groups in need, the disadvantages of this model can not be ignored.
Referring to the food stamp system in the United States, and the practice of Hangzhou, Chengdu and other cities in this year's financial crisis to expand domestic demand, China's minimum living security system can be changed from monetary form to a combination of money and grain, and grain can be distributed with coupons specially purchased for grain. This system design is feasible and conforms to the national conditions of China.
2. Implement the low-rent housing system.
In Du Fu's poem, he said, "There are thousands of buildings, and the poor in the world are happy, and the wind and rain will not move!" This is the pursuit of an ideal society by people with lofty ideals in ancient times. Similarly, "home ownership" is also the pursuit of modern civilized society.
Only by living in peace can we be happy and society develop and progress. However, how to understand "home ownership"? In the past, we unilaterally understood "home ownership" as a house with property rights, and "welfare housing distribution" was widely implemented in various places. In this way, it is very strong and can allocate more houses, while it is difficult for poor families and groups to allocate "welfare houses".
In fact, "home ownership" mainly refers to the houses that all residents should live in, including self-owned houses with property rights and rental houses without property rights. This can and should be done.
Referring to the practice of the United States, China's urban housing reform should change the "welfare housing" system into "low-rent housing" system to change the disadvantages of the "welfare housing" system. As a welfare system provided by the government, "low-rent housing" system should fully embody the essence of "low-rent housing".
First, the investment subject of "low-rent housing" is the government, the housing should be cheap and high quality, and the investment cost should be low;
Second, the area of "low-rent housing" should be strictly controlled, generally within 50 square meters;
Third, "low-rent housing" only rents and does not sell. It is strictly forbidden to carry out "welfare housing distribution" in the name of "low-rent housing". Once verified, it must be dealt with seriously;
Fourth, the rent of "low-rent housing" should be low and affordable for families and groups in need;
Fifth, the object of "low-rent housing" must be strictly controlled, mainly used for low-income objects, that is, difficult families and difficult groups. The distribution of "low-rent housing" must be open to the public and subject to social supervision.
At the same time, "low-rent housing" should also have an exit mechanism. The applicant shall establish a property declaration system. If the conditions improve, those who do not meet the living conditions of "low-rent housing" should take the initiative to quit and let "low-rent housing" be recycled.
3. Unified medical system.
Medical care is a common problem faced by governments all over the world, and the United States has not implemented free medical care for all. Mudu County, Shaanxi Province, China, tried to implement the national medical insurance pilot, and as a result, there was an embarrassing situation of "unable to get in because of illness, unable to get out without illness", which showed the complexity of medical problems.
China has no medical system for poor families and groups. At present, China's medical system is basically established, but the medical system is different for different groups.
There are medical insurance systems for urban workers, urban residents and new rural cooperative medical care system for rural residents. However, these medical and health care systems are mainly in the form of co-ordination of serious diseases. The basic medical problems, that is, outpatient medical care for urban and rural residents, and the problems of "minor illness, serious illness", "poverty due to illness" and "returning to poverty due to illness" of poor families and groups have not been solved.
The new medical insurance system is mainly to solve the problem of universal medical insurance. Before the implementation of the new medical insurance system, the state should adopt a more favorable medical system for poor families and groups, such as:
The general outpatient service of the minimum living guarantee object can be exempted from registration fee; The medical expenses of low-income residents in community hospitals can be discounted to meet the most basic medical needs of low-income residents; Hospitals should open up green channels for families and groups in need and give free treatment to emergency patients.
For hospitals that can't receive treatment fees because of treating people with difficulties, local finance should give appropriate subsidies, which is equivalent to the financial write-off of bad debts of state-owned enterprises.
4. Civil organizations should be advocated to establish a free food supply system.
The government has the obligation to establish a minimum social security system, and it is beyond reproach to play the main role of the government. However, it is unbearable for the government to take care of everything, and there may even be a social phenomenon of raising lazy people. However, if the government forcibly takes some measures and bans them blindly, it may be counterproductive and the effect may not be good.
If we play the role of non-governmental organizations in some aspects and let them participate, we may get twice the result with half the effort.
The voluntary feeding system of American NGOs is worth learning. Under the condition of market economy, many non-governmental organizations are able and willing to provide some help to the society within their capacity.
In China, although there are few Christian organizations in cities, most cities in China have Buddhist organizations. These Buddhist organizations have a large number of private donations, strong economic strength and the ability to engage in some public welfare activities. Moreover, the charitable act of helping the weak and helping the poor is also consistent with the Buddhist concept of "being compassionate and caring for all beings".
Local governments in China can make some attempts to encourage and advocate non-governmental organizations such as church organizations to provide free food for special groups such as homeless people, so that they can also feel the warmth of society.
Extended data:
Minister Li of the Ministry of Civil Affairs said that in the past ten years, China's social welfare policies have been continuously improved, and the scope of benefits has gradually expanded from special groups such as the elderly, the disabled, orphans and abandoned babies to the whole society, and social welfare undertakings are moving from filling vacancies to moderate inclusiveness.
The welfare of the elderly has greatly increased;
By the end of 20 1 1, 15 provinces had established a living allowance system for the elderly over 80 years old, 16 provinces had established a subsidy system for the elderly with living difficulties, and all provinces had introduced social preferential policies for the elderly.
The number of institutions and beds for the aged increased from 37,600 and 65,438,000+65,438,000+49,000 in 2002 to 40,900 and 35,654,380,000+0,000 in 2065, respectively, and the management and operation mechanism changed from government-sponsored to government-led and multi-agent participation. A social pension service system based on family, supported by community and institutions, with financial guarantee and supporting services has been initially established.
The social welfare system for the disabled has been continuously improved;
The state has formulated guiding opinions on accelerating the construction of the social security system and service system for the disabled, promulgated the enterprise income tax exemption policy for enterprises to produce and assemble special articles for the disabled, and further improved the preferential policies for welfare enterprises.
Social insurance subsidies and medical assistance for the disabled have been gradually implemented, and the basic needs of the disabled such as basic living, medical care, rehabilitation, education and employment have been guaranteed by a more stable system.
There is a comprehensive institutional arrangement for orphan protection:
20 10 the State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Orphans, making comprehensive welfare system arrangements for orphans' upbringing, education, medical care, rehabilitation, employment and housing.
Implement the minimum standards for raising orphans. The standards for centralized institutional parenting and socially dispersed orphan parenting are respectively 1 10,000 yuan per person per month and 600 yuan. The central government arranges special funds to subsidize the basic living expenses of local orphans every year. Actively explore the actual unaccompanied children into the scope of protection.
Basic social services for the public are constantly expanding;
Marriage registration services have basically achieved nationwide networking, and the free policy of basic funeral services has been gradually pushed forward. Great progress has been made in community public services, voluntary mutual assistance services and commercial services that facilitate the people and benefit the people. By the end of 20 1 1, there were160,000 urban and rural community service facilities nationwide, and the coverage rate of comprehensive community service facilities reached 23.6%.
Vigorously cultivate and develop public welfare social organizations, and social organizations develop healthily and orderly at an average annual rate of 10%. The geographical name service has been continuously expanded and deepened. 20 1 1 18 The Central Organization Department, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and other ministries and commissions jointly issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Social Work Professionals, and the professional social work service has institutional arrangements.
Welfare lottery has achieved leap-forward development;
In 2009, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Lottery Management, which effectively standardized the management of welfare lottery issuance. The sales of welfare lottery tickets have increased year after year, raising a total of 654.38+088.55 billion yuan of public welfare funds in ten years, which has strongly supported the development of social welfare undertakings and other public welfare undertakings.
China Com- China's social welfare system is moving from filling vacancies to moderately inclusive.