Among the four ways to put out the initial fire, the fire accident is basically the most widely used. In fact, there are many specific methods of protection and fire fighting in our life, so it is very necessary to master some knowledge of fire fighting and escape. Here are four ways to put out the initial fire.
Four ways to put out the initial fire 1 1, cooling fire extinguishing method: control the temperature of combustible materials below the ignition point, so as to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing. Cooling and extinguishing with water is a common and simplest fire extinguishing method.
2. Asphyxiation fire extinguishing method: By isolating the air, the combustible materials in the combustion area can not get enough oxygen, thus stopping the combustion. This is also a common fire extinguishing method, which plays a great role in extinguishing the initial fire. This fire extinguishing method can be used in closed fires such as rooms and containers. For example, when the oil pan is on fire, we can cover it in time to isolate the burning oil from the air outside the pan, so as to achieve the purpose of extinguishing the fire.
3. Isolation fire extinguishing method: isolate or evacuate the burning object from its nearby combustible materials, and eliminate one of the three necessary conditions for combustion-combustible materials, so as to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing. Isolation fire extinguishing method is suitable for extinguishing all kinds of explosions, fluids, solids and gases, and it is also a common fire extinguishing method.
4. Suppression fire extinguishing method: this is a fire extinguishing method that uses fire extinguishing agents and combustibles to produce physical and chemical inhibition. For example, dry powder extinguishing agent, when extinguishing fire, because high-pressure gas (carbon dioxide or nitrogen) rushes out of the storage container, a pressurized mist powder flow is formed to cover the combustion products, thus blocking the combustion.
Four ways to put out the initial fire. How to save yourself in case of fire?
First, be calm.
When a fire suddenly breaks out in your environment, you must keep calm. Don't panic, make a mess, get up and run away blindly or jump off a building. You should know your environmental position, grasp the size and spreading direction of the fire at that time in time, and then choose the escape method and route according to the situation.
Second, the correct choice of escape methods and escape routes.
If a fire has just broken out in the passage in the evacuation direction, the evacuation passage is still clear. If you are familiar with the evacuation passage, you can cover yourself with wet quilts and quilts and make up your mind to rush out of the fire as soon as possible.
If the evacuation staircase has been burnt out and the escape direction is closed by fire, the following measures should be taken to escape: 1. Make full use of the building's own evacuation facilities to escape, such as using descent control devices, life-saving bags, fire elevators, life-saving slides and other self-help escape.
2. Make full use of natural conditions, such as balconies and windows, to climb to the surrounding safe places to save themselves and escape.
3. Make full use of the self-rescue rope to save yourself and escape. If there is a special self-rescue rope, it is best to save yourself. When there is no rope, you can tie the sheets, quilts and cloth strips in the shop together as a self-rescue rope, tie one end of it, and then fall out of the window and escape from the fire.
4. Without any self-rescue facilities in the building, we should make full use of some natural conditions outside the building to save ourselves. Such as: sewer pipes on the roof, lightning rod downlead and any objects (trees, telephone poles) close to buildings.
5. Create a refuge room for self-help and escape. Most buildings have no shelters. If you can't escape by other means, you must create your own conditions and build your own shelter to escape. The shelter should choose a room with water source, which is conducive to contact with the outside world. First, close all the doors and windows of the room, then take out quilts, blankets, cotton-padded clothes and other available items, wet them with water, block the doors and windows tightly, and constantly splash water to prevent the fire from invading. At the same time, we should get in touch with the outside world in time, seek foreign aid and help escape.
6. Desperate escape. If the fire breaks through the refuge room, don't make the decision to jump off the building easily when there is no refuge at all. At this time, you can grab the balcony or windowsill and turn it out of the window to survive.
Matters needing attention in fire escape
1, actively seek foreign aid. Because I am in the fire inside the fire, I am not clear about the whole scene of the fire, and it is easy to go astray in the process of escape. Therefore, people trapped in the fire should actively seek foreign aid when they escape. When firefighters or foreign rescuers are found, they should shout for help and ask for foreign assistance; If calling for help doesn't work or the smoke is too thick, shouting for help is easy to be poisoned.
You can use bamboo poles to stir up bright clothes or throw light and conspicuous things out. At night, you can turn on the flashlight and send out a distress signal. Otherwise, you can climb to the edge of the window and expose yourself to the rescuers, so as to try your best to save you from the crater.
2. Be careful of smoke poisoning. Because wood, plastic, chemical fiber and other flammable and combustible materials are widely used in the interior decoration of modern buildings, and the surfaces of decoration materials are often painted, a lot of smoke and toxic gases will be emitted when burning, which is easy to cause suffocation and death.
So when you escape, you can fold it with a wet towel, cover your nose and mouth, and hold your breath to filter the smoke. Unless there is an emergency, don't shout or take off the towel. You must crawl to escape (there is usually more oxygen and less smoke in the air near the ground).
Don't waste time and be greedy for money. When running away, don't waste time wearing farm clothes or looking for valuables, and don't bear your own belongings to affect the speed of running away, let alone be greedy for money. You have escaped from the fire and returned to it.
4. Don't open the doors and windows of the refuge room easily. Don't open doors and windows easily when taking refuge. If the refuge room is full of smoke and it is impossible to take refuge, you can open the doors and windows on the fire side and close them again immediately after the smoke is exhausted.
5. Escape from high places to low places, and from high floors to low buildings, because the fire burns upward, and the flame will burn to the roof from bottom to top. Generally, the spread speed of fire on the renovated floors is faster than the escape speed of people. When you can't reach the roof, the fire has developed in front of you, so the flame will always surround you. If you have to, you can escape to the nearby roof and stand in the windward direction of the roof.
6. Prevent fire. Never run on the fire at will, otherwise it will not only lead to a fire, but also cause a new burning point and spread the fire. If your body is on fire, you should take off your clothes or roll around in time to put out the fire. You can also water your body and wrap the fire with wet quilts and clothes to put out the fire.
7. Don't take the elevator at will. Because in the event of a fire, the elevator will lose power, and it is very likely that you will be trapped in the elevator and cannot escape.
The basic methods of fire fighting are:
The cooling fire extinguishing method is to spray the fire extinguishing agent directly on the burning object, so that the temperature of combustible materials is reduced below the ignition point and the combustion is terminated. For example, put out fires with water.
Isolation fire extinguishing method is to isolate or evacuate burning objects from nearby combustible substances to stop burning.
Asphyxiation fire extinguishing method is to prevent air from flowing into the combustion zone, or dilute the air with noncombustible substances, so that combustible substances can be extinguished by cutting off oxygen. For example, foam is used to put out oil fires.
Suppression fire extinguishing method, also known as chemical blocking method, is to make the extinguishing agent participate in the combustion reaction process, so that the free radicals produced in the combustion process disappear and form stable molecules or low-activity free radicals, so as to stop the combustion reaction. Such as dry powder extinguishing agent to put out gas fire.
Four ways to put out the initial fire. Emergency escape method in case of fire.
1. You can cover your nose with folded towels and masks, pour yourself water and crawl forward. Because smoke is lighter than air and floats in the upper part, escaping close to the ground is the best way to avoid inhaling smoke.
2. Slowly descend to escape and slide the rope to save yourself. Never jump off a building blindly. You can use evacuation stairs, balconies, downpipes, etc. To escape and save yourself. You can also use ropes, sheets, curtains and clothes around you to make a simple life-saving rope, wet it with water, and tie it tightly to fixtures such as window frames and iron railings, and use towels and cloth strips to protect your palms from sliding down the rope, or go down to the unlit floor to get out of danger.
3. When threatened by fire, put on soaked clothes, bedding, etc. Rush out in the direction of the safety exit. Never blindly follow the crowd and crowd each other. When evacuating, pay attention to running to a bright place or an open place outside. When the fire is not big, try to run under the floor. If the passage is blocked by fireworks, you should leave with your back to the direction of fireworks and flee to the rooftop and balcony.
4. Don't take the elevator in case of fire, and escape in the direction of safety exit.
When a fire breaks out, if you feel hot when you touch the door with your hand, open the door at this time, and flames and smoke will come. At this time, you can close the doors and windows, block the doors with wet towels and cloth, or soak the quilt with water, cover the doors and windows to prevent fireworks from infiltrating, and wait for the arrival of rescuers.
6. If all escape routes are blocked by fire, immediately return to the room and send out distress signals by flashlight, waving clothes and making phone calls. To attract the attention of rescuers.
7. When escaping, pay attention to the directions such as evacuation passages, safety exits and stairs. When the fire is strong and the smoke is thick, it is easier to find the road and escape from the scene as soon as possible.
8. If there is a fire in the building, you can evacuate from below the burning floor. Don't take the ordinary elevator when you escape. If there is a gas mask in the room, you must wear it on your head when you escape.
Common sense of fire escape and fire fighting
Common sense of fire escape
1, if the fire is not big, make a decisive decision and put on soaked clothes or wet blankets and wet bedding and rush out bravely, but never put on a plastic raincoat.
2. Take refuge in the smoke, try to lower your body and cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel.
Don't jump off the building blindly. Connect the sheets with ropes or tear them into strips, tie them to the door and window frames and heavy objects, and slide them down.
4. When trapped by a fire and there is no other way to save yourself, you can constantly send out distress signals with flashlights and eye-catching items so that the fire brigade can find out in time and organize rescue.