Birth weight, weight gain after birth and subsequent obesity human and animal data show that the intrauterine environment is related to postpartum health, and the reasons are not clear. There is a U-shaped relationship between birth weight and obesity in early adulthood. Low birth weight caused by maternal malnutrition, smoking and placenta deficiency or maternal gestational diabetes, and macrosomia at birth is related to obesity. In addition, malnutrition before birth is obviously important for obesity in the future. Obesity and its subsequent metabolic complications usually persist into middle age. Intrauterine growth disorder accompanied by rapid growth after birth may be the main cause of adult diseases. This is probably the result of genetic factors and the influence of "programming" in the uterus. Although breastfeeding has many benefits, it can't completely prevent future childhood obesity.
Second, prevent obesity among school-age children.
The public health strategy to promote children's healthy diet and prevent obesity should start from schools and extend to the whole society. Schools must carefully check the policies and regulations to promote healthy eating, including checking the food in vending machines, school canteens and the types of food that students are allowed to bring. Establish nutrition education courses to promote healthy eating habits, healthy body shape and weight management from preschool to middle school. Opportunities for healthy eating include fresh fruits and vegetables and low-fat foods provided by school canteens and vending machines. Management agencies should ban fast food advertisements for preschool children and restrict advertisements for school-age children.
The lack of sports activities encourages sports activities, which are not limited to people in urban centers, but involve all social, economic, gender and ethnic groups. The first step to increase physical activity is to limit the number of seats. Another key issue for children is to arrange sports that children of all ages are willing to accept in schools and residential areas. Age-appropriate sports should be entertaining, not punitive. Schools should require a minimum physical education standard, that is, 30-45 minutes of strenuous exercise twice a week.
Screening overweight and obese children, and timely health guidance.
There is no conclusive evidence that any single strategy to prevent childhood obesity is long-term effective. Primary care doctors should screen all overweight and obese children. If resources permit, all children with overweight body mass index should receive weight management consultation. For obese people, whether they have obesity-related diseases should be checked, and if problems are found, they should be submitted to appropriate experts.
Four. Suggestions on preventing obesity in the whole life cycle
1. Pregnancy (pregnant woman):
Pay attention to maintaining a normal body mass index during pregnancy.
Two. Don't smoke.
Three. Moderate intensity exercise that can be tolerated.
Four. Gestational diabetes, we should pay attention to control blood sugar.
2. Postpartum and infancy:
I. Breastfeeding for at least three months
Two. Delaying the feeding of solid food and sweet liquid.
3. Family dining habits
Eat with your family at a fixed time and place.
Two. Don't miss dinner, especially breakfast.
Three. Don't watch TV while eating.
Four. Use small tableware, and put large tableware away from the table.
Avoid unnecessary sweets, fatty foods and soft drinks.
4. What should you pay attention to at school?
I. cancel sweets and desserts
Two. Check the food sold by vending machines to ensure the food is healthy.
Three. Installation of water dispenser
Four. Educate teachers, especially physical education teachers, on basic nutrition and the benefits of physical activities.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) teaches primary and secondary school students the correct diet and lifestyle.
Intransitive verbs meet the minimum exercise standards, and do strenuous exercise for 20-45 minutes 2-3 times a week.
Seven. Encourage walking to school.
5. In the community
I. Increase family-friendly sports (suitable for children of all ages)
Two. Take the elevator less
Three. Buy healthy food