In order to make residents better understand the free policy and related contents of the national basic public health service project, the Department of Maternal and Child Health and Community Health of the Ministry of Health and the China Community Health Association organized experts to compile "Questions about the National Basic Public Health Service Project 100", and introduced the service objects, service contents and service processes of the national basic public health service project to residents in an easy-to-understand language in the form of questions and answers.
1, what is the national basic public health service project?
A: The national basic public health service project is an important content to promote the gradual equalization of basic public health services, an important work to deepen the reform of the medical and health system, and the most basic public health service provided by the China government to all residents free of charge, with emphasis on children, pregnant women, the elderly and patients with chronic diseases. The funds needed to carry out service projects are mainly borne by the government, and urban and rural residents can directly benefit.
2. What does the national basic public health service project include?
A: At present, the national basic public health services include: urban and rural residents' health records management services, health education services, vaccination services, children aged 0-6 years old health management services, maternal health management services, elderly health management services, hypertension patients health management services, type 2 diabetes patients health management services, patients with severe mental illness management services, infectious diseases and public emergencies reporting and handling services, and health supervision and assistance.
3. How are the national basic public health service items determined?
A: According to the economic and social development and considering the government's financial support capacity, the state first determines the national financial compensation standard for basic public health services. On this basis, the state identifies major public health problems that have a great impact on residents' health and are universal and serious. According to the health needs of residents, the feasibility and effect of implementing health intervention measures and other factors, it selects and determines the priority national basic public health service projects, and strives to apply limited resources to the issues most closely related to residents' health, so as to achieve the best results in basic public health projects.
4. Who can enjoy the national basic public health services?
A: All citizens in People's Republic of China (PRC), whether urban or rural, whether registered or not, can enjoy the basic public health services of the country.
Different service items have different service objects, which can be divided into:
(1) Public health services for the whole people, such as unified establishment of residents' health records, health education services, reporting and handling of infectious diseases and public health emergencies, and health supervision and co-management services.
② Public health services for specific age, gender and population, such as vaccination, maternal and child health management, health management for the elderly, etc.
③ Public health services for patients with diseases, such as health management for patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes and severe mental illness.
5. Who will provide basic public health services?
A: National basic public health services are mainly implemented by township hospitals, village clinics and community health service centers (stations). Village clinics and community health service stations accept the business management of township hospitals and community health service centers respectively, and undertake basic public health service tasks reasonably. Other primary medical and health institutions can also provide corresponding services according to the deployment of government departments.
6. Do residents need to pay for basic national public health services?
A: The basic public health services are provided by the state for urban and rural residents free of charge, and the required funds are borne by the government. Residents can get the services in the service items without paying any fees.
7. What is the state subsidy for basic public health services?
A: Since 20 1 1, the subsidy standard for basic public health services of governments at all levels is 25 yuan per capita, with a total subsidy of 32.5 billion yuan nationwide. The per capita subsidy standard is higher than that of 15 yuan in 2009 10 yuan, which is mainly used to expand service coverage and increase service items and contents. In the future, the funding subsidies and project contents of national basic public health service projects will be adjusted in a timely manner with economic and social development, public health service demand and financial affordability. Local governments may, in light of local conditions, increase the content of basic public health services and the standard of financial subsidies on the basis of national basic public health services.
8. What are the benefits of implementing national basic public health service projects for residents?
A: The national basic public health service projects cover more than 654.38+0.3 billion people in China and are closely related to people's lives and health. The implementation of the project can promote the improvement of residents' health awareness and the change of unhealthy lifestyle, and gradually establish the concept of self-health management; Can reduce the main health risk factors, prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases and chronic diseases; It can improve the public health service and emergency handling ability of public health emergencies, and establish the first barrier to maintain residents' health, which plays an important role in improving residents' health quality.
9. What is the resident health record?
A: Residents' health records are the database of residents' health status. It records the family history, genetic history, living and working environment of residents. From birth, record the growth and development, health status and preventive health care management information of newborns, infants and preschool children; Women's health management information at all stages of life, especially during pregnancy; Health management of the elderly and medical care information during illness in different periods, etc. In short, health records should be lifelong, comprehensive, comprehensive and continuous health data for residents, which comprehensively and completely records the health status of residents at all stages of their lives and information on prevention, medical care, health care and rehabilitation.
10. Who can establish the residents' health records?
A: All urban and rural residents who have lived in the community for more than half a year, including registered and non-registered population, can voluntarily establish residents' health records in township hospitals, village clinics or community health service centers (stations) in their communities.
What are the advantages of establishing health records for residents?
A: For individual residents, the establishment of health records can help them understand and master the dynamic changes of their own health status. When residents see a doctor, medical staff can know the residents' health status, existing health risk factors, examination, treatment and changes of diseases, so as to make a comprehensive evaluation of residents' health status, take corresponding treatment measures, give targeted health guidance, and better control the occurrence and development of diseases. Computerized management of health records will be gradually realized. By then, whether in primary medical institutions or large hospitals, residents can query health information through computers, reducing repeated examinations, medication and medical expenses. By analyzing the health records of community residents, medical staff can also find the main health problems of residents in this area, so as to take effective preventive measures.
12. How to establish the residents' health records?
Answer: When residents go to township hospitals, village clinics and community health service centers (stations) for medical treatment and consultation, or receive health surveys, disease screening, health checkups and other services, grassroots medical staff are responsible for establishing health records for residents. According to the needs of work, medical staff will also go deep into communities and families to carry out filing work.
13. What does the residents' health record include?
A: Residents' health records include:
① Personal basic information.
② Health examination records.
③ Health management records of children, pregnant women, the elderly and patients with major chronic diseases.
(4) Medical and health service records related to consultation, referral, consultation and hospitalization during illness.
14. What are the main problems in establishing health records?
A: First, ask personal basic information, including:
① Basic information such as name, gender, ID number, contact information, education level, occupation, marital status, medical insurance category and blood type.
② Basic health information such as drug allergy history, exposure history of harmful factors and occupational hazards, family history, genetic disease history and disability.
③ Rural areas should also ask about the living environment of some families, such as toilets and drinking water.
The second is to ask residents about their current health status, including:
① Whether there are any discomfort symptoms.
② Smoking, drinking, eating habits, physical exercise and other lifestyles.
③ Prevalence and treatment of major diseases in the past.
(4) hospitalization, surgery, blood transfusion, etc.
⑤ Inoculation situation.
⑥ The main drugs used in recent years 1 year, etc.
15. What does the physical examination mainly include when establishing health records?
Answer: The contents of physical examination when establishing health records mainly include:
① Examination of body temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, height, weight and waist circumference.
② Rough judgment of oral, visual, auditory and motor functions.
③ General physical examination of skin, heart, lungs and abdomen.
16. Will the contents of personal health records be known by others?
A: No. In the process of establishing and using archives, protecting the personal privacy of residents' basic information and health information is the most basic principle of medical staff. Relevant records filled in the process of filing and medical and health services are required to be placed in the residents' health portfolio, stored in a unified way and managed by special personnel. In areas where electronic health records are established, it is required to protect the data security of information systems.
17. What is a health record information card? What's the use?
A: The health record information card is a personal health information card kept by residents themselves.
Its contents and uses include: basic personal information of residents, health file codes, important diseases, allergic history, contacts and contact information in case of emergency, and responsible hospitals, nurses and contact numbers of primary medical institutions. It is mainly used to facilitate medical staff to retrieve health records when residents visit, refer or accept health management. At the same time, patients with chronic diseases should carry health file information cards with them, so that in case of emergency, it is convenient for the surrounding people or rescuers to know the basic situation of patients and get in touch with their families and hospital officials in time.
18. What is health education service?
A: Health education is an organized, planned, implemented and evaluated educational activity. It is an educational activity to help individuals and groups master health care knowledge, establish health concepts and voluntarily adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyles through information dissemination and behavioral intervention.
19. What are the benefits of health education services to residents' health?
A: Medical staff in primary medical and health institutions make residents understand the behaviors that affect their health and spread the knowledge about the occurrence of diseases through various forms of health education activities. Let residents establish health awareness, change unhealthy lifestyles, and consciously adopt and develop healthy behaviors and lifestyles, so as to reduce or eliminate risk factors affecting health and achieve the purpose of preventing diseases, promoting health and improving quality of life.
20. Who is the target of health education service?
A: The service target of health education is all residents in the jurisdiction, including registered residents and non-registered residents.
2 1. What are the basic contents of health education services?
A: ① Publicize and popularize "China Citizens' Health Literacy-Basic Knowledge and Skills (Trial)" and cooperate with relevant departments to carry out citizens' health literacy promotion activities.
② Health education for teenagers, women, the elderly, the disabled, parents of children aged 0-6, migrant workers and other people.
③ Carry out healthy lifestyle education such as reasonable diet, weight control, proper exercise, psychological balance, improving sleep, limiting salt, quitting smoking and drinking, controlling drug dependence and detoxification, and intervening risk factors.
④ Carry out health education on key diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, asthma, breast cancer and cervical cancer, tuberculosis, hepatitis, AIDS, influenza, hand, foot and mouth disease, rabies and brucellosis.
⑤ Carry out health education on public health issues such as food safety, occupational hygiene, radiation hygiene, environmental hygiene, drinking water hygiene, school hygiene and family planning.
⑥ Carry out health education on emergency treatment, disaster prevention and mitigation, family first aid and other public health emergencies.
⑦ Publicize and popularize medical and health laws, regulations and related policies.
22. What are the main contents of Article 66 of China Citizens' Health Literacy?
A: ① Basic knowledge and concepts (25 articles), such as knowledge of healthy lifestyle such as reasonable diet, moderate exercise, quitting smoking and drinking, and psychological balance.
② Healthy lifestyle and behavior (34 items), such as washing hands frequently, taking a bath frequently, and not using towels and toiletries; No spitting; Don't smoke in public places.
③ Basic skills (7 items), such as calling 120 for emergency medical assistance; Call the fire alarm number119 in case of fire; Will recognize common danger signals, etc.
23. What are the main contents of lifestyle health education?
A: Mainly to help residents:
(1) Correctly understand and correct bad habits, such as smoking, drinking and taking drugs.
(2) Design a personalized and reasonable dietary structure for residents.
③ Make scientific and effective aerobic exercise plans for individual residents.
(4) Eliminate mental stress and conduct healthy psychological counseling.
⑤ Provide lifestyle guidance for key groups such as the old, the young, the pregnant and the disabled, and educate them on safety precautions when staying at home or traveling.
24. What are the main health education for key diseases?
A: Primary medical staff will carry out health education according to the occurrence, distribution and epidemic characteristics of key diseases among residents in the jurisdiction.
① Health guidance should be given to common chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, asthma, apoplexy sequelae, etc.
② Health education of self-concern, participation in general survey, early detection, early diagnosis and active treatment for common female tumors such as breast cancer and cervical cancer.
③ Health education for common infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hepatitis, AIDS and influenza.
Through health education, residents can know and understand these diseases, so as to achieve the purpose of early prevention, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of these diseases.
25. How to get health education services?
A: Location: Township hospitals, village clinics, waiting areas of community health service centers (stations), consultation rooms, consultation rooms, communities, streets, villages, families, etc. Mode:
(1) Get health education publicity materials.
② Watch videos or CDs of health education knowledge.
③ Read the health education bulletin board.
④ Participate in health consultation activities.
⑤ Listen to or attend health knowledge lectures.
⑥ When visiting a primary medical institution, you can get targeted health knowledge and skills explanations from the staff of primary hospitals.
26. What is vaccination?
Answer: It is to vaccinate healthy people to make them resistant and immune to this disease without getting sick. For example, BCG vaccination can prevent tuberculosis; Vaccination with DTP vaccine can prevent pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus.
27, why to carry out vaccination services?
Answer: By vaccinating the appropriate objects, individuals and groups can acquire and maintain a high level of immunity, and gradually establish an immune barrier, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling the occurrence and prevalence of specific infectious diseases.
28. Who is the target of vaccination service?
A: Children aged 0-6 and other key groups (including close contacts of patients with infectious diseases and the elderly). ) within the jurisdiction.
29. What are the contents of vaccination services?
Answer: ① Vaccination management. Medical staff should establish vaccination files, such as vaccination certificates and vaccination cards, for all children aged 0-6 who have lived in the area for 3 months in time. Take a variety of ways, such as telephone appointment, to inform children's guardians of the types, time, place and precautions of vaccination. Check and sort out children's vaccination cards 1 time every six months.
② Vaccination service. Routine immunization of school-age children is carried out according to the national immunization standard vaccine immunization program. In some provinces or key areas, emergency vaccination or enhanced vaccination will be given to key populations.
③ Handling and reporting children suspected of abnormal reaction to vaccination.
30. What is the national immunization plan?
A: Immunization planning refers to the plan to vaccinate susceptible people with effective vaccines according to the national infectious disease prevention and control plan. People should be vaccinated in a planned way according to the vaccine varieties, immunization procedures or vaccination plans determined by the state or provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, so as to prevent and vaccinate the occurrence and prevalence of specific infectious diseases and improve the health level and health civilization level of residents.
At present, the vaccines in the national immunization program include: hepatitis B vaccine, BCG vaccine, DTP vaccine, polio vaccine, measles vaccine, DTP vaccine, leprosy cheek vaccine, group A meningococcal vaccine, group A+C meningococcal vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine, leptospira vaccine, epidemic hemorrhagic fever vaccine and anthrax vaccine. These vaccines can be used to prevent hepatitis B, tuberculosis and other 15 infectious diseases. Some of these vaccines were inoculated in epidemic areas, such as leptospira vaccine, epidemic hemorrhagic fever vaccine and anthrax vaccine.
3 1, how to establish vaccination certificate? What is the use of vaccination certificate?
A: Within one month after the newborn is born, parents should bring the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and BCG vaccination registration card and birth medical certificate as soon as possible, apply for vaccination certificate at the township health center or community health service center where they live, and establish children's vaccination files.
Vaccination certificate is a record and voucher for individuals to receive immunization in a standardized way. When the children's basic immunization and supplementary immunization are all completed, parents should keep the vaccination certificate for a long time for their children to use when they enter kindergarten, enter school, join the army or enter and leave the country in the future. Never lose it.
32. How do children receive vaccination services?
A: ① Parents or guardians should lead children with vaccination certificates to receive vaccination services at the time and place specified in the vaccination notice of township hospitals or community health service centers where children live.
(2) Before vaccination, primary medical staff should check children's vaccination certificates, ask about children's health status, and inform them of vaccine varieties and side effects.
③ Before receiving the prescribed vaccination, the medical staff will check the information again before injecting the child.
(4) children should observe for half an hour after injection, and they can leave without problems.
⑤ Medical staff make an appointment with parents or guardians for the type, time and place of the next vaccination.
33. What are the abnormal reactions to vaccination? How to find and deal with it?
A: Abnormal reactions refer to adverse drug reactions after standardized vaccination with qualified vaccines. This reaction only happens to a few people and needs close observation. If you have allergic reactions such as high fever and systemic rash and other abnormal conditions, please consult the medical staff of the inoculation unit in time and go to the hospital if necessary.
What does the health management of children aged 34.0-6 include?
A: (1) Newborn Visit (2) Full Moon Health Management of Newborns (3) Infant Health Management (4) Preschool Children Health Management.
What are the benefits of health management for children aged 0-6?
A: The health management of children aged 0-6 can lay an important foundation for their lifelong health. According to the growth and development characteristics of children in different periods, doctors carry out a series of child health care services to ensure and promote the healthy development of children's body and mind and reduce the occurrence of diseases. At the same time, through children's health examination and screening of key diseases, we can find and treat children's birth defects as early as possible, prevent and control the occurrence and development of disabilities, and thus improve the quality of life.
36. Why should a "Health Manual for Children Aged 0-6" be established?
A: The health care manual for children aged 0-6 is established to record the growth and development of children from birth and various health conditions, including changes in vital signs, such as physical development, intellectual development, dental development, feeding, hearing, vision and disease prognosis. It is a dynamic record based on health examination, which provides a basis for doctors to provide health management services for children. Therefore, parents are requested to truthfully reflect their children's health status and keep the manual well.
37. What is the content of home visits for newborns?
37. What is the content of home visits for newborns?
A: After the newborn is discharged from the hospital 1 week, the child care doctor will visit the newborn. Including: (1) observing and inquiring about the birth and vaccination of children. (2) To know the feeding, sleeping, defecation, jaundice and umbilical region of newborns after discharge. (3) The doctor measures the temperature of the newborn, records the weight and length at birth, and conducts physical examination. (4) Establish a health care manual for children aged 0-6. (5) provide parents with guidance on breastfeeding, neonatal care and prevention of common diseases. If it is found that the newborn has not been vaccinated with BCG and 1 hepatitis B vaccine, remind parents to replant as soon as possible. Parents should also be reminded to do neonatal disease screening.
38. What are the benefits of home visits for newborns?
A: The functional development of various organs of the newborn body is not yet mature, and its adaptability to changes in the external environment is poor, and its anti-infection ability is weak, which is the most fragile period of life. Therefore, the newborn is a critical period for children's health care. Through family visits, parents can get direct guidance from doctors and learn scientific parenting methods and skills such as breastfeeding, daily care of newborns and disease prevention. In addition, doctors know the health status of newborns and mothers through visits, and make the first health record of residents' health records for babies through physical examination.
39. What are the contents of full moon health management for newborns?
A: After the newborn is 28 days old, parents or guardians will take the newborn to township hospitals or community health service centers for full-moon follow-up. Including: (1) asking about the feeding, development, diseases and other conditions of newborns in the past month. (2) Measure the weight and length of the full-moon baby, and carry out physical examination to evaluate the development of the newborn. (3) Give the newborn a second dose of hepatitis B vaccine. (4) Health guidance.
40. What are the contents of infant health management?
A: At the age of 3, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months, babies need to go to township hospitals or community health service centers to receive ***8 health management services. Including: (1) asking about the feeding and illness of the baby between the last visit and this follow-up. (2) Physical examination and assessment of growth and psychological and behavioral development. (3) Health guidance such as daily feeding, supplementary food addition, psychological and behavioral development, accidental injury prevention, oral health care, TCM health care, and prevention and treatment of common diseases. (4) At 6-8 months of age, 18 months of age and 30 months of age, routine blood tests were performed 1 time respectively. (5) Hearing screening was conducted at 6 years old, 12, 24 and 36 months respectively. (6) Check whether there are any contraindications before each vaccination. If there are no contraindications, vaccinate after physical examination.
4 1. What are the contents of preschool children's health management?
A: Preschool children aged 4-6 can enjoy health management service once a year. Including: (1) asking about diet, illness, etc. From the last visit to this follow-up visit. (2) Physical examination, assessment of growth and psychological and behavioral development, routine blood examination and hearing screening. (3) Health guidance such as reasonable diet, psychological and behavioral development, prevention of accidental injuries, oral health care, TCM health care, and prevention and treatment of common diseases. (4) Check whether there are any contraindications before each vaccination. If there are no contraindications, vaccinate after physical examination.
42. What health management services can women enjoy after pregnancy?
A: After pregnancy, women can enjoy health management from prenatal, pregnancy to 42 days after delivery. Including: (1) early pregnancy health management. (2) Health management in the second trimester. (3) Health management in the third trimester. (4) postpartum visit. (5) Health management services such as physical examination 42 days after delivery.
43. What is included in the Handbook of Maternal Health Care?
Answer: It includes the basic information, past history, family history, personal history and general physical examination of pregnant women, including gynecological examination, blood routine, urine routine, blood type, liver function, renal function and hepatitis B. Laboratory tests such as blood sugar, vaginal secretion, syphilis serological test and HIV antibody detection can also be carried out in areas where conditions permit. (To be continued)