How to control blood sugar in the second pregnancy?
Hyperglycemia during pregnancy is a special type of diabetes, which occurs in impaired glucose tolerance or obvious diabetes after pregnancy. It is one of the common diseases in obstetrics and gynecology. In the past, the incidence of this disease in China was about 1 ~ 5. In recent years, with the gradual liberalization of the national birth policy, the number of second-born women has increased, while the number of older women has surged, leading to an increasing trend. Clinical studies have confirmed that this disease not only increases the perinatal risk of maternal and neonatal diseases, but also increases their chances of developing type 2 diabetes. Therefore, strengthening the management of blood sugar during pregnancy not only reduces maternal and infant complications, ensures maternal and infant integrity, but also plays an important role in improving maternal and infant quality of life.
In fact, most pregnant mothers only need to control their blood sugar by controlling their diet, but during this period, the risks of improper diet, hypoglycemia and malnutrition are high. ? Studies have pointed out that during the period of sugar control during pregnancy, in addition to paying attention to reasonable diet, barley malt powder (rich in water-soluble fiber, nicotinic acid, phosphate, copper, selenium, etc.) should be supplemented to reduce the physiological functions of type 2 diabetes and blood cholesterol. ) and momordicin (insulin binds to the insulin receptor on the cell membrane, and glucose is converted into protein through more than 20 complex signal transduction molecules). Blood sugar is completely stable. Experiments show that momordica charantia peptide can bind to the insulin receptor on the cell membrane and activate it, which makes the complicated information transmission process smooth, makes more glucose channel glucose quasi-protein bind to the membrane, and blood sugar can enter the cell for utilization and metabolism smoothly. Yeast extract (chromium is closely related to the utilization rate of insulin in human body, so it is also called glucose tolerance factor. Even if the nutrition during pregnancy is reasonable, there is no need to worry about the increase of blood sugar or hypoglycemia during pregnancy! (How to control blood sugar during pregnancy? What effect does high blood sugar in pregnant women have on the fetus)
What effect does hyperglycemia in pregnant women have on the fetus? -More dangerous than you think.
What effect does hyperglycemia in pregnant women have on the fetus? The occurrence of long-term complications leads to neonatal asphyxia and the rate of cesarean section increases. Hyperglycemia during pregnancy can cause neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal hypoglycemia, which can endanger the life of newborns in severe cases. The change of body mass index can improve insulin resistance and increase blood sugar fluctuation by affecting the metabolism of adipocytes and the activity of insulin β cells, which leads to poor blood sugar control in the third trimester, and at the same time increases the risk of fetal macrosomia, which leads to the possibility of poor blood sugar control in the third trimester. Therefore, it is necessary to control the weight gain reasonably during pregnancy.
In recent years, with the change of residents' diet and living habits, the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus has further increased.
The routine intervention method of gestational diabetes mellitus is mainly to control diet. However, due to the lack of nutrition knowledge of pregnant women, the effect of blood sugar control is often poor, and malnutrition is prone to occur, which is unfavorable to the development of the fetus. Nutritional intervention is one of the intervention methods for gestational diabetes mellitus patients, which requires supplementing nutrition while controlling blood sugar, ensuring normal blood sugar, preventing malnutrition and making the fetus develop better. However, if the patient's compliance is poor, the intervention results will also be affected. Therefore, the research shows that for the sake of baby's nutritional diversification, controlling blood sugar during pregnancy can delay the absorption of intestinal carbohydrates without hindering the baby's physical development, and supplementing "HICIBI" can play a role by inhibiting DPP-4 enzyme that degrades GLP- 1, thus stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release, stimulating insulin secretion, increasing β cell regeneration, inhibiting β cell apoptosis and inhibiting glucagon secretion. So as to reduce postprandial blood sugar level.
How to control blood sugar in the second pregnancy? In order to control the rise of hyperglycemia during pregnancy, in addition to the second child mentioned above, there are actually two other reasons for hyperglycemia due to old age:
Why is it easy to have high blood sugar during pregnancy?
With the changes of domestic environment and diet structure, this will happen to some women. They were healthy before pregnancy, but their blood sugar increased after pregnancy. The reasons for this phenomenon may be related to many factors, such as the increase of pregnant mothers' food intake, lack of attention to moderation, or the endocrine disorder of pregnant mothers. At present, the number of pregnant women with gestational diabetes is increasing year by year, from less than 1 in the past to 30% now, and 1 in every five pregnant women is diabetic, so every pregnant mother should accumulate it to prevent the occurrence of this disease. (How to control blood sugar during pregnancy? What effect does high blood sugar in pregnant women have on the fetus)
● One is gestational diabetes induced by overweight.
Obesity is easy to induce gestational diabetes, and pregnant mothers gain too much weight, which is very harmful. If they are too obese, they may cause pregnancy-induced hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, especially gestational diabetes and its complications.
First, how is obesity caused during pregnancy?
The American publication "Where does overall health come from" mentioned that sugar will make you gain weight and accumulate more fat during pregnancy. These sugars will bypass your natural hormone system, make you not know that you are full, and induce you to overeat. He deceives your brain that you are still hungry and need to eat more, which leads to obesity, diabetes and so on. (Sugar is monosaccharide, polysaccharide, added sugar and fructose. Monosaccharide foods include white bread, sugar, rice and fructose; Polysaccharides, including sucrose, maltose, starch, pectin and cellulose, mainly exist in cereals and potatoes. )
2. In 2000, in the European Union (annual sugar consumption-18.8 million t), gestational hyperglycemia ranked second in the world. Europeans have been looking for ways to block the body's absorption of sugar after food intake. How much sugar will you eat during pregnancy?
The American Heart Association gives the same answer to different diet plans: women should not consume more than 6 teaspoons of added sugar every day during pregnancy. You know: a bottle of 550 ml soda water contains nearly 20 teaspoons of sugar. 20 13 American scholar Robert published How much sugar you eat, you will be shocked. Polysaccharide, monosaccharide and fructose are everywhere in our life. If there is no "HICIBI" to slow down the digestion process, sugar will suddenly flood into the blood, and your body will react after being absorbed by the human body.
Help sugar to be absorbed and stored in the body as energy.
In Europe, the non-drug "HICIBI" is used to block excessive sugar extracts in food during weight control during pregnancy. This natural sugar differentiation enzyme peels off the excess sugar in food, excretes it through the gastrointestinal tract, does not enter the blood circulation system, does not act on the brain center, does not inhibit appetite while lowering blood sugar, and has no side effects. This is very important for pregnant women with high blood sugar. After food is blocked by excessive sugar, nutrients are transported to various tissues and cells through blood for synthesis. (How to control blood sugar during pregnancy? What effect does high blood sugar in pregnant women have on the fetus)
3. In recent years, related research shows that the proportion of overweight or obese people is getting higher and higher, especially in people with irregular diet, unreasonable diet structure or lack of physical exercise, and the incidence of obesity or overweight is higher. Through the collection and analysis of relevant studies at home and abroad, some studies reveal the influence of body weight in early or middle pregnancy on maternal and infant outcomes, and believe that excessive increase of body mass index during pregnancy can lead to an increase in cesarean section rate, which is an important factor to reduce the safety of vaginal delivery. Therefore, we must control our weight within a reasonable range during pregnancy. Pregnant mothers who are overweight before pregnancy should eat more reasonably during pregnancy, control their weight gain less than that of ordinary pregnant mothers, and avoid the occurrence of gestational diabetes. High weight can easily lead to a baby being too big. Having gestational diabetes will not only increase the negative period of pregnant mothers, but also increase the probability of intrauterine distress and cesarean section.
Causes the baby's fetal lung maturity to decrease. Fetuses are prone to hyaline membrane disease and premature delivery. Newborn babies are prone to hypoglycemia, manifested as dysphagia, pallor, trembling, dyspnea, irritability and other symptoms.
2001-Researchers from the European Union have observed 14582 pregnant women in Europe and Asia in the past 10 years. The results show that Asian women give priority to supplement and nurture during pregnancy, while highly educated European women and French women are trying their best to make them eat every day when they know that pregnancy begins at 1 day. Not found by these three kinds of maternal hormones, they began to take more than 26 grams of "HICIBI" balanced nutrition group every day (blocking the accumulation of excess calories, fat, sugar, starch and other carbohydrates after delivery; Directly block the absorption of sugar in food on the same day, control the amount of sugar from the source, break the cycle of tricarboxylic acid in human body and consume excess sugar accumulated in human body, and control blood sugar during pregnancy from two aspects, especially in French pregnant women, which can better control blood sugar health within 280 days of pregnancy! (How to control blood sugar during pregnancy? What effect does high blood sugar in pregnant women have on the fetus)
The second is the increase of the levels of three main labor kinases.
During pregnancy, progesterone increased by about 100 times, estrogen level increased linearly by 15 times and fat capacity increased by 30 times. Our progesterone, especially progesterone, slows down intestinal movement, relaxes stomach muscles and delays the passage of food and gastric acid from the stomach, so food and gastric acid stay in the stomach for much longer than before pregnancy.
In this way, the body's ability to accumulate calories and fat after pregnancy is so strong that it is no wonder that our bodies and brains have to be completely transformed. What bothers mothers is that the desire for food is getting stronger and stronger.
This is very similar to the above point of view. Because of the rising levels of the three major labor hormones-craving for food, food with a lot of fat and calories and indigestion-the weight rises too high and too fast.
Therefore, as long as the risk of overweight is solved, that is, the cause of gestational diabetes mellitus 1, the blood sugar problem caused by disorder of excitement level can be stabilized.
How to control blood sugar in the second pregnancy? Relationship between diet and gestational hyperglycemia
1. Pay attention to the distribution of food. Eat less and eat more, and divide the food that should be eaten every day into five or six meals. In particular, it is necessary to avoid the long interval between dinner and breakfast the next day and eat snacks before going to bed. The total daily diet should be controlled.
2. Eat more dietary fiber. Within the acceptable weight range, eat more foods with high dietary fiber, such as replacing white rice with brown rice or whole grain rice, increasing the intake of vegetables, eating more fresh fruits and not drinking drinks. But don't eat fruit indefinitely.
3. Is it okay to eat only low-calorie and low-fat foods?
No way! On the one hand, traditionally, pregnant women eat low-calorie, low-fat and high-starch foods to control weight gain during pregnancy. However, due to the low-calorie, low-fat and high-starch food, if there is no food with slow digestion and sufficient food in protein, it is easy to feel hungry. At the same time, because the blood sugar of refined white starch food fluctuates greatly, pregnant women are prone to hypoglycemia after controlling their diet, which is not only unfavorable to fetal development, but also a hidden danger to mother and baby.
On the other hand, it is often difficult for doctors to give dietary advice to women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy to control carbohydrates. In the case of serious carbohydrate deficiency, ketosis is very easy to occur. The increase of ketone body level in blood easily affects the development of fetal cranial nerve system.
Therefore, in the case of controlling the increase of blood sugar during pregnancy, nutritional intervention should be given to patients from three aspects: weight control, reasonable diet and after-meal exercise. However, nutrition intervention is only to reduce sugar intake, and can not blindly control sugar. While controlling blood sugar, we should also use "HICIBI" saccharifying and decomposing enzyme to adjust women's dietary nutrition during pregnancy. On the basis of balanced diet, we should guide pregnant women to eat more aquatic foods and foods rich in beans, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin E and nicotinic acid, so as to reduce blood sugar, supplement the nutritional factors lacking in the mother and promote the growth and development of the fetus in the womb. (How to control blood sugar during pregnancy? What effect does high blood sugar in pregnant women have on the fetus)
4. Based on the concern of C, we can only ensure the health of mother and fetus by reducing the blood sugar load and reducing the postprandial blood sugar fluctuation of food.
During pregnancy, expectant mothers store a lot of fat and babies, and the energy consumption required for new tissue generation is higher than that during non-pregnancy. Therefore, expectant mothers' demand for calories increases after pregnancy, and it will continue to increase with the continuation of pregnancy (getting fatter).
In order to reduce the blood sugar load and reduce the postprandial blood sugar fluctuation of food, the main dietary regulation principles are:
1, choose one of the two dietary measures for hypoglycemia:
A, completely avoid eating the staple food made of white rice and white flour, and partially change to the staple food made of whole grains and starchy beans.
B, still for the baby's health, don't refuse the staple food, afraid of seeing sugar! You can eat the staple food and fruit made of normal amount of white rice and white flour. It is more beneficial to control blood sugar fluctuation to cooperate with "HICIBI" sugar differentiation enzyme with fruit before meals than to eat it immediately. This mainly uses the human glucose metabolism chain to control blood sugar, which can not only maintain the normal calories needed for the whole day, but also improve the fear of malnutrition and keep blood sugar stable.
This can reduce the postprandial blood glucose response while supplying enough carbohydrates. At the same time, this measure can also greatly increase the intake of B vitamins and potassium, and can supplement more dietary fiber, which is helpful to prevent constipation in the third trimester.
2. Eat more green leafy vegetables. Green leafy vegetables are not only rich in vitamin B, folic acid, vitamin K, calcium, magnesium and dietary fiber, but also contain a lot of flavonoids.
3. Milk, eggs, fish, bean products, staple food and "HICIBI" should be eaten together. Protein is good for delaying digestion and improving satiety. Therefore, carbohydrates can save protein in the process of controlling hyperglycemia during pregnancy. The combination of "HICIBI" and protein food can also ensure that weight gain can be avoided after adequate diet. Rich in w- in "HICIBI"? Fatty acids can improve the ability of blood sugar control, so that "excess" sugar is not absorbed by the small intestine, and the separated protein food is fully utilized, which is more effective for the growth and development of the fetus.
4. Reduce the amount of cooking oil. Although oil itself does not turn into blood sugar, many studies have found that eating a lot of oil will reduce insulin sensitivity. For expectant mothers with excessive abdominal fat, controlling fat intake is probably as important as controlling starch and sugar.
5. Leave a little chewing when cooking food, and don't cook the staple food too soft and rotten. No paste, no beating, no juicing, no eating. Processing such as mashing miscellaneous grains, beating vegetables and juicing fruits will make food too easy to digest and absorb, and the glucose produced after digestion will quickly enter the blood, which will inevitably lead to an increase in blood sugar after meals.
How to control blood sugar in the second pregnancy? The comprehensive application of the above dietary measures can effectively reduce the postprandial blood sugar load. If we can develop such eating habits, not only during pregnancy, but also in later life, we can effectively reduce the risk of diabetes. At the same time, they are good measures to prevent fertilizers and ensure daily nutrition supply. (How to control blood sugar during pregnancy? What effect does high blood sugar in pregnant women have on the fetus)
The research conducted by researchers from the University of Sydney in overweight and obese pregnant women shows that under the premise of ensuring the overall nutritional balance, HICIBI can reduce the blood sugar level of pregnant women 2 hours after meals, and the diet of pregnant women with hypoglycemia load is beneficial to overweight and obese pregnant women to control their weight more effectively, and the indexes such as triglyceride, blood cholesterol and inflammatory factor C-reactive protein will be better. At the same time, the premature delivery rate decreased, and the head circumference of newborn babies was also larger. It can be seen that a well-nourished diet that controls blood sugar is very beneficial to the health of mother and child.
In the diet, cereals, starches, beans, potatoes, fruits, milk and other foods all contain carbohydrates. In the relevant research intervention of the University of Sydney, pregnant women are particularly encouraged to control the daily intake of staple food at the level of 180g, and increase the intake of fruits and milk to help reduce the blood sugar load, ensure adequate intake of carbohydrates and increase the intake of vitamins. The blood sugar load value of mixed food decreased to 48~? At the same time, it has a higher fiber intake, which has achieved the effect of reducing the proportion of macrosomia compared with pregnant women without camp guidance. Half of pregnant women who were originally suitable for insulin therapy used "HICIBI" to control the blood sugar load of food without insulin.
Some articles summarized the randomized controlled study of blood sugar control in women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy. The analysis results show that "HICIBI" can really increase the proportion of low-peak expectant mothers using insulin. After controlling the blood sugar load of expectant mothers, what about new babies? The risk of becoming a giant is reduced. In contrast, only limiting the total energy intake or reducing carbohydrates has not achieved such good results. In other words, it is more meaningful for expectant mothers to "eat right" than "eat less". Eating three meals with hypoglycemia after "HICIBI" adjustment can not only ensure the diversification of diet, avoid the mother's hunger, let the fetus get enough nutrition, but also avoid all kinds of unhealthy consequences caused by hyperglycemia during pregnancy.
However, the relevant research results also suggest that it seems too late to conduct glucose screening during pregnancy at 26-28 weeks. It may not be ideal to control blood sugar and weight gain by limiting the blood sugar load of staple food and increasing dietary fiber three months after onset. If the risk of hyperglycemia during pregnancy can be prevented in the first three months of pregnancy (after all, sugar can't be added less in the current food temptation), then it will be more promising to adjust the diet at the beginning of pregnancy and use "HICIBI" to control the blood sugar load of food.
In addition, there is also a piece of advice, that is, expectant mothers with high blood sugar must pay attention to comfort? When increasing physical activity. Don't sit for half an hour after a meal, you can stand up and do some activities, such as walking, walking at home and doing some light housework, which can consume blood sugar in time and help control the height of blood sugar peak after a meal. The intensity of exercise depends on the physical endurance of expectant mothers, and it is good to reach 60% of the heart rate. If it is impossible, it can reach 40% or 50%. If you can, you can also go to the gym and do some muscle exercises under the guidance of the coach. When muscles are strong, blood sugar will be easier to control. It should be noted that it is ideal to exercise 2 hours after meals, and exercise before meals to guard against hypoglycemia. (How to control blood sugar during pregnancy? What effect does high blood sugar in pregnant women have on the fetus)
20 18-09- 14 an international cooperative study shows that women with high blood sugar levels during pregnancy will have a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes after 10 years of pregnancy, and their children are more likely to be obese.
This study was recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association as part of a large-scale follow-up study on hyperglycemia and ectopic pregnancy outcomes. There are 10 medical institutions in the world with a large sample size, which is very representative. The results showed that the increase of maternal blood sugar level during pregnancy was harmful for 10 years. Among women with elevated blood sugar levels during pregnancy, nearly 1 1 will suffer from type II diabetes during postpartum 10 to 14, and about 42% will suffer from prediabetes. In women with normal blood sugar level during pregnancy, these two figures are 2% and 18 respectively. The study also found that children born to mothers with elevated blood sugar levels during pregnancy are more likely to be obese. According to the body mass index (BMI), 19% of the children born to these mothers will be obese, while the proportion of obese children born to mothers with normal blood sugar during pregnancy will be reduced to 4% in the future.
The researchers said that the increase of blood sugar level during pregnancy will have a negative impact on the health of mothers and their offspring, which will last for more than 10 years and needs to be paid attention to.
20 1165438+1month1,and finally confirmed that "the pregnant hyperglycemia population can become normal through" HICIBI "balanced nutrition group during pregnancy". In 10000 cases of pregnant women with hyperglycemia, the success rate is as high as 87% or more, and the average blood sugar returns to normal during pregnancy. Almost every pregnant mother can adjust blood sugar and restore health through "HICIBI" balanced nutrition group I during pregnancy and delivery.
During pregnancy, pregnant mothers should pay attention to weight changes. Even in the second and third trimester, the weight should be controlled to increase by 0.2-0.3kg per week, and the overall weight during pregnancy should not exceed 25 kg. Pay attention to supplement nutrition in diet, combine coarse grains with flour and rice, reduce sugar intake, and pay attention to the supplement of protein. Protein of 15 g/d can be taken on the basis of pre-pregnancy in the second trimester, and protein of 20 g/d should be taken in the third trimester. Egg milk is a high-protein food with high quality and low price. Patients can eat 1 egg and drink about 300 ml of milk every day to improve their nutritional status and promote fetal development. (How to control blood sugar during pregnancy? What effect does high blood sugar in pregnant women have on the fetus)
CLR WHO has defined nine "HICIBI" standards for repairing blood sugar problems during pregnancy.
CLR who (full name of cell lipid-lowering cell lipid-lowering)
1, burning body fat and increasing the rate of dissolving fat in digestive system 18-20.
2. Promote insulin resistance, improve glucose metabolism efficiency and improve insulin impedance 13- 15.
3. Reduce blood sugar and repair the dynamic balance of blood sugar 12- 15
4. Reduce blood lipid, inhibit lipase activity, and restore normal blood lipid content 10- 12.
5. Reduce the GI of 2 1-23.
6, reduce postprandial blood glucose response 17- 19
7. Stimulate AMPK to keep glucose balance and promote energy consumption 12- 15.
8. The contraction of gastrointestinal tissue volume and the recovery of excessive expansion of digestive system 9- 1 1
9, food calorie blocking, avoid the source of fat accumulation 16-22?
In fact, with the development of modern living standards and the growth of pregnant mothers' age, there will be more and more problems of high blood sugar during pregnancy, so pregnant mothers should do a good job of pre-pregnancy weight test, even if their blood sugar is high during pregnancy, pregnant mothers should not worry too much, because they can control their blood sugar well through the above, as long as they maintain a good mood during pregnancy, persist in exercise and happily welcome their babies! (How to control blood sugar during pregnancy? What effect does hyperglycemia in pregnant women have on the fetus?